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Tokugawa Ieshige

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Military ruler of Japan from 1745 to 1760
In thisJapanese name, thesurname isTokugawa.
Tokugawa Ieshige
徳川 家重
Shōgun
In office
31 October 1745 – 25 June 1760
Monarchs
Preceded byTokugawa Yoshimune
Succeeded byTokugawa Ieharu
Personal details
Born(1712-01-28)28 January 1712
Died13 July 1761(1761-07-13) (aged 49)
Signature

Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 (28 January 1712 – 13 July 1761) was the ninthshōgun of theTokugawa shogunate ofJapan.

The first son ofTokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Ōkubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata. His mother died in 1713 when he was only 2 years old, so he was raised by Yoshimune's concubine, Okon no Kata; Okon later gave birth toTokugawa Munetake, so he was raised by another of Yoshimune's concubines, Okume no Kata, as her biological son.

His childhood name was Nagatomi-maru (長福丸). He underwent thegenpuku coming-of-age ceremony in 1725. His first wife, Nami-no-miya, was the daughter of PrinceFushimi-no-miya Kuninaga (伏見宮 邦永親王). In 1733, Nami-no-Miya Masuko had a miscarriage and died. His second wife, Okō, was the daughter of one of the courtiers who had followed his first wife from the Imperial Court to the Shogunal Court inEdo. This famously good-natured second wife was the mother of Ieharu, who would become Ieshige's heir.[1] InEnkyō 2 or 1745, Ieshige was made shogun.[2]

Ieshige suffered from chronic ill health and a severespeech defect which rendered his speaking nearly incomprehensible.[3] Yoshimune's choice of Ieshige as his heir created considerable controversy within the shogunate as his younger brothersTokugawa Munetake andTokugawa Munetada appeared to be far more suitable candidates. Yoshimune continued to insist on his decision, favoring theConfucian principle ofprimogeniture; and Ieshige continued in the role of formal head of the shogunate. Yoshimune directed affairs after his official retirement in 1745. This attention was designed to ensure that Ieshige was secure in his office. Ieshige remained shogun until 1760.

Uninterested in government affairs, Ieshige left all decisions in the hands of hischamberlain,Ōoka Tadamitsu [jp] (1709–1760). He officially retired in 1760 and assumed the title ofŌgosho, appointed his first sonTokugawa Ieharu as the 10thshōgun, and died the following year.

Ieshige's second sonTokugawa Shigeyoshi became the founder of the Shimizu Tokugawa clan, which together with the Tayasu and Hitotsubashi (established by Ieshige's younger brothers) became thegosankyō, threecadet branches of theTokugawa family from which future shoguns might be selected if the main line were to die out. They joined the existing three cadet branches, thegosanke, to which Ieshige's father Yoshimune had been born.

Ieshige's reign was beset by corruption, natural disasters, periods of famine and the emergence of the mercantile class, and his clumsiness in dealing with these issues greatly weakened the rule of Tokugawa.

Ieshige's commemorative memorial atZōjō-ji

Ieshige died in 1761. Hisposthumous title isJunshin-in; and his grave is at the Tokugawa family mausoleum atZōjō-ji inShiba. His remains were disinterred and underwent scientific investigation from 1958 to 1960. It was discovered that his teeth were crooked and badly deformed, confirming historical references to his speech defect.

Family

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Eras during Ieshige's rule

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The years in which Ieshige was shogun are more specifically identified by more than oneera name ornengō.[2]

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Tokugawa Ieshige[4]
8.Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1stdaimyō ofKishū (1602-1671)
4.Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nddaimyō ofKishū (1627-1705)
9. Nakagawa-dono
2.Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8thTokugawa Shōgun (1684-1751)
5.Jōenin (1655-1726)
1.Tokugawa Ieshige, 9thTokugawa Shōgun
12. Kanō Hisashi
6.Ōkubo Tadanao (d. 1726)
3.Shintokuin (1688-1713)
14.Ōkubo Tadafuru (d. 1646)
7. Ōkubo

Notes

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  1. ^Screech, T.Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 130.
  2. ^abTitsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 418.
  3. ^Totman, Conrad (1967).Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu. Harvard University Press.ISBN 9780674688001.
  4. ^"Genealogy".Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved4 July 2018.

References

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External links

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Military offices
Preceded byShōgun:
Tokugawa Ieshige
1745–1760		Succeeded by
ShōgunPrince
Tokugawa

(1543–1616)
Ieyasu(1)
r. 1603–1605

(1579–1632)
Hidetada(2)
r. 1605–1623		(1602–1671)
Yorinobu
1stDaimyō of
Kishū		(1603–1661)
Yorifusa
1stDaimyō of
Mito

(1604–1651)
Iemitsu(3)
r. 1623–1651		(1627–1705)
Mitsusada
2nd Daimyō of
Kishū		(1622–1695)
Matsudaira
Yorishige
1st Daimyō of
Takamatsu

(1641–1680)
Ietsuna(4)
r. 1651–1680		(1644–1678)
Tsunashige
Daimyō ofKōfu
(1646–1709)
Tsunayoshi(5)
r. 1680–1709
(1684–1751)
Yoshimune(8)
r. 1716–1745		(1661–1687)
Matsudaira
Yoritoshi [ja]

(1662–1712)
Ienobu(6)
r. 1709–1712
(1712–1761)
Ieshige(9)
r. 1745–1760		(1721–1765)
Munetada
1st Head of
Hitotsubashi family		(1680–1735)
Matsudaira
Yoritoyo [ja]
3rd Daimyō of
Takamatsu

(1709–1716)
Ietsugu(7)
r. 1712–1716
(1737–1786)
Ieharu(10)
r. 1760–1786		(1751–1827)
Harusada [ja]
2nd Head of
Hitotsubashi family		(1705–1730)
Munetaka
4th Daimyō of
Mito

(1773–1841)
Ienari(11)
r. 1786–1837		(1779–1848)
Narimasa
3rd Head of
Tayasu family		(1728–1766)
Munemoto
5th Daimyō of
Mito

(1793–1853)
Ieyoshi(12)
r. 1837–1853		(1801–1846)
Nariyuki [ja]
11th Daimyō of
Kishū		(1828–1876)
Yoshiyori
5th/8th Head of
Tayasu family		(1751–1805)
Harumori [ja]
6th Daimyō of
Mito

(1824–1858)
Iesada(13)
r. 1853–1858
(1846–1866)
Iemochi(14)
r. 1858–1866		(1863–1940)
Iesato(16)
(Pr.) 1884-1940		(1773–1816)
Harutoshi
7th Daimyō of
Mito		(1776–1832)
Matsudaira
Yoshinari [ja]
9th Daimyō of
Takasu
(1884–1963)
Iemasa(17)
(Pr.) 1940-1947		(1800–1860)
Nariaki
9th Daimyō of
Mito		(1800–1862)
Matsudaira
Yoshitatsu [ja]
10th Daimyō of
Takasu

(1837–1913)
Yoshinobu(15)
r. 1866–1867
(Pr.) 1902-1913		(1836–1893)
Matsudaira
Katamori
9th Daimyō of
Aizu
(1877–1949)
Tsuneo
Matsudaira
(1913–1999)
Toyoko [ja]		(1907–1992)
Ichirō
Matsudaira [ja]
(b. 1940)
Tsunenari(18)
(b. 1965)
Iehiro(19)
Notes
All Tokugawashōguns share descent fromIeyasu, who is recognized as the dynasty's founder.
Tokugawa family crest Timeline and paternities of theTokugawa Shogunate
  Lifespan
  Reign
Officials of theTokugawa shogunate
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Kyotoshoshidai
Bugyō
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Kyoto Shugoshoku
Heian period
Kamakura shogunate
Kenmu Restoration
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