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TheTokamak Chauffage Alfvén Brésilien (TCABR) is atokamak situated at the University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.^[1][2] TCABR is the largest tokamak in the southern hemisphere and one of themagnetic-confinement devices committed to advancing scientific knowledge infusion power.

TCABR was originally designed and constructed in Switzerland, at theÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and operated there from 1980 until 1992, under the name ofTokamak Chauffage Alfvén (TCA).^[1] The main focus of TCA was to assess and enhanceplasma heating withAlfvén waves. In 1994, the machine was transferred to USP, passing through an upgrade and addingBrésilien to its name. The operation of TCABR began in 1999.^[1]

The TCABR plasma is made ofhydrogen and has a circular format.^[1][3] In general, its discharges are ohmically heated and the plasma current in TCABR reaches up to${\displaystyle I_P\le 100\text{kA}}$. The minor and major radii of TCABR are respectively${\displaystyle a=18.0\text{cm}}$ and${\displaystyle R=61.5\text{cm}}$, giving an aspect ratio of${\displaystyle A=R/a=3.4}$. The TCABR central electron temperature is around${\displaystyle k_B{T}_e\le 650\text{eV}}$ (i.e.,${\displaystyle T_e\sim 6\times {10}^6\text{K}}$) and its mean electron density is${\displaystyle 0.9\le {\overline{n}}_{e0}\le 3}$, in units of${\displaystyle {10}^{19}{\text{m}}^{-3}}$.^[1][3] Other parameters of TCABR include the toroidalmagnetic field,${\displaystyle B_0\sim 1.1\text{T},}$ the hydrogen filling pressure,${\displaystyle P_H\simeq 3\times {10}^{-4}\text{Pa}}$, a discharge duration of${\displaystyle T_D\simeq 100\text{ms}}$, and a steady-phase duration around${\displaystyle T\le 60\text{ms}}$.^[1]

Parameters of TCABR^[1][2][4]

Parameter	Symbol	Value
Plasma format		Circular
Plasma composition	H	Hydrogen
Major radius	${\displaystyle R_0}$	${\displaystyle 61.5\text{ cm}}$
Minor radius	${\displaystyle a}$	${\displaystyle 18.0\text{ cm}}$
Aspect ratio (${\displaystyle R_0/a}$)	${\displaystyle A}$	${\displaystyle 3.4}$
Plasma current	${\displaystyle I_p}$	${\displaystyle \le 100\text{kA}}$
Central (or toroidal) magnetic field	${\displaystyle B_0}$	${\displaystyle \sim 1.1\text{T}}$
Line-averaged electronic density	${\displaystyle {\overline{n}}_{e0}}$	${\displaystyle 0.9\sim 3\times {10}^{19}{\text{m}}^{-3}}$
Central electronic temperature	${\displaystyle k_B{T}_{e0}}$	${\displaystyle \sim 0.5\text{keV}}$
Hydrogen filling pressure	${\displaystyle P_H}$	${\displaystyle 1\sim 3\times {10}^{-2}\text{Pa}}$
Discharge duration	${\displaystyle T_D}$	${\displaystyle \simeq 100\text{ms}}$
Duration of the steady phase	${\displaystyle T}$	${\displaystyle \le 60\text{ms}}$

The current purpose of the TCABR tokamak includes the study of Alfvén waves,^[1][5][6] but is not restricted to it. Other research areas are (i) the characterization ofmagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities,^[1][7] (ii) the study of high-confinement regimes induced by electrical polarization of external electrodes in the plasma edge,^[3][7][8] (iii) the investigation of edgeturbulence,^[3][9] and (iv) the study of plasmapoloidal and toroidal rotation usingoptical diagnostics.^[1][10][11] The TCABR team is also associated with a theoretical group focused on investigating instabilities and transport barriers in tokamaks anddynamical systems.^[12][13]

An upgrade in the TCABR is also being conducted.^[14][15][16] A set of 108RMP coils will be installed to control and study edge localized modes (ELMs). New shaping coils will be added, allowing great flexibility in plasma configurations (e.g. single null, double null, snowflake, and negative triangularity configurations).^[16] The vacuum-vessel inner wall of TCABR will receive graphite tiles to decrease impurity deposition and energy loss in the plasma.

• Tokamaks
• University of São Paulo

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