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Personal care products areconsumer products which are applied on various external parts of the body such asskin,hair,nails,lips, external genital and anal areas, as well asteeth and mucous membrane of theoral cavity, in order to make them clean, protect them from harmful germs and keep them in good condition. They promotepersonal hygiene and overall health, well-being and appearance of those body parts.Toiletries form a narrower category of personal care products which are used for basic hygiene and cleanliness as a part of a daily routine.Cosmetic products, in contrast, are used forpersonal grooming and beautification (aesthetically enhance a person's appearance).Pharmaceutical products are not considered personal care products.
Most of the personal care products are rinsed off immediately after use, such as shampoos, soaps, toothpastes, shower gels, etc. A few personal care products, however, are left on the applied surface such as moisturizing cream, sunscreen, etc.
The global market size of the personal care products industry is several hundred billion US Dollars (as of early 2020s).Procter & Gamble,L'Oreal,Johnson & Johnson,Unilever,Colgate-Palmolive,Gillette,Avon,Natura & Co,Kimberly-Clark andShiseido are some of the world-leading companies in personal care products industry.
Personal care products can be categorized according to their function and area of application. These are cleansing products, hair care products, oral care products, sun care products, skin hydrating products, feminine care products, hair removal products, nail care products, eye care products and anal hygiene products.
Cleansing products includehand soaps or bar soaps,shower gels,body washes,facial cleansers, body oils, body lotions,cleansing pads, moisttowelettes. They remove dirt, excess oil and other impurities from the surface of the body and improve a person's overall cleanliness.Facial tissues are used to wipe the nasal discharge.Cotton pads are used to remove makeup.Cotton swabs are used to clean outer ear.Bath towels are used to dry up wet areas on the body,face towels are used to dry up wet face.Exfoliating scrubs (loofahs and such) are used for deeper cleansing.
These includeshampoos,hair conditioners,hair oils andhair treatments, and they are used to cleanse, condition and treat hair so that hair is clean and healthy.Scalp massagers promote blood flow in the scalp andscalp serums hydrate and nourish the scalp.
Among hair removal products, there areshaving creams,shaving gels,shaving foams,razors,hair clippers,tweezers,epilators, waxing kits, and hair removal creams (e.g.depilatory creams). These are used to remove unwanted hair from various parts of the body.
These aretoothpaste,toothbrush,mouthwash,dental floss,water floss,interdental brush,gum massager,gum gel, etc. They are used to maintainoral hygiene, preventtooth decay andgum disease, and have healthy teeth and gums.Tongue scrapers are used to remove food debris, dead cells and bacteria from the tongue surface. Denture care products are used to clean artificial dentures.
These includepowders,baby powders,body lotions,hand creams,pomades andfacial moisturizers. They are used to hydrate, moisturize, and nourish the skin and keep the skin soft, smooth, and protected.Lip balms keep the lips hydrated.
Sun care products include lotions, creams, sprays, gels, oils and sticks that act as asunscreen or asunblock. They protect the skin from harmfulultraviolet radiation, and as such preventsunburn,premature aging, andskin cancer.Prickly heat powders prevent or soothe itchy, bumpy and red heat rashes on the skin due to excess heat.Sunglasses and wide-brimmedsun hats are used to protect the eyes from the sun.
These include sanitary pads,tampons, menstrual cups, and panty liners. There are used for menstrual hygiene and provide comfort, absorption, and protection during menstruation.
Nail care products include nail cutters, nail files and cuticle creams. They are used to maintain and enhance the appearance of nails and promote healthy nail growth.
These includeartificial tears or lubricating eye drops to moisturize and soothe the eyes and provide relief from dryness, irritation, and discomfort due to dry eye syndrome or environmental factors;contact lens solutions for cleaning, disinfecting, and storing contact lenses and help remove debris, bacteria, and protein buildup from the lenses,eye drops (typically containing anti-histamines and mast cell stabilizers) for allergies to provide relief from itching, redness, and watering caused by allergic reactions;eye creams, which are special moisturizers for the sensitive skin around the eyes, contain ingredients such ashyaluronic acid, peptides, and antioxidants to hydrate, firm, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles;eye serums for puffiness, dark circles, and signs of aging, typically containing ingredients like caffeine, retinol, or vitamin C;eyelid cleansers to clean and soothe the eyelids and eyelashes by removing debris, excess oil, and bacteria and in this way help alleviate eyelid inflammation, blepharitis, or dry eye syndrome;eye masks, which are gel or sheet masks placed over closed eyes to provide cooling, soothing, and hydrating effects, and to help reduce puffiness, relieve tired eyes, and improve the appearance of dark circles.
Anal hygiene products includetoilet papers,bidets andbidet showers. For babies,wet wipes are used. These are used to keep the anal area clean from fecal remains and harmful bacteria after defecation.
Personal care products can come in different physical forms such as liquid solutions, solid bars and sticks, semi-solid oremulsion-based mixtures,powders,aerosols,oils,gels, scrubs and sheets. They may containcolorants,fragrances,emollients,surfactants,humectants,thickeners,stabilizers,preservatives,pH adjusters andpH buffers,silicones,chelating agents,film-forming agents, naturalextracts,antioxidants,disinfectants andantimicrobials along with the actual product.
In addition, there are personal care tools such astoothbrushes,hairbrushes andcombs, manualrazors andelectric shavers,tweezers,nail clippers andfiles, sponges, pads, scrubs, etc. which help apply the aforementioned products or have their own functions.
Typical toiletries offered at many hotels include:
Some of the majorcorporations in the personal care industry are:
Other corporations, such as pharmacies (e.g.CVS/pharmacy,Walgreens) primarilyretail in personal care rather than manufacture personal care products themselves.
Theenvironmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health orcosmetic reasons and the products used byagribusiness to boost growth or health of livestock. More than twenty million tons of PPCPs are produced every year.[2] TheEuropean Union has declaredpharmaceutical residues with the potential ofcontamination of water and soil to be "priority substances".[3]
PPCPs have been detected in water bodies throughout the world. More research is needed to evaluate the risks oftoxicity, persistence, andbioaccumulation, but the current state of research shows that personal care products impact the environment and other species, such as coral reefs[3][4][5] and fish.[6][7] PPCPs encompassenvironmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs) and are one type ofpersistent organic pollutants. They are not removed in conventionalsewage treatment plants but require afourth treatment stage which not many plants have.[2]
In 2022, the most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollutionof the world's rivers found thatit threatens "environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries, representing the river pollution of 470 million people. It found that "the most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure andpharmaceutical manufacturing" and lists the most frequently detected and concentrated pharmaceuticals.[8][9]