Dried tofu skin

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	2,217 kJ (530 kcal)
Carbohydrates	7.2 g
Dietary fiber	3.0 g
Fat	32.1 g
Saturated	4.98 g
Monounsaturated	7.50 g
Polyunsaturated	16.26 g
Protein	50.4 g
Vitamins and minerals Vitamins Quantity %DV† Vitamin A equiv. beta-Carotene 0% 1 μg 0% 7 μg Thiamine (B1) 29% 0.35 mg Riboflavin (B2) 9% 0.12 mg Niacin (B3) 9% 1.4 mg Pantothenic acid (B5) 11% 0.55 mg Vitamin B6 19% 0.32 mg Folate (B9) 10% 38 μg Vitamin E 16% 2.4 mg Vitamin K 46% 55 μg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 16% 210 mg Copper 363% 3.27 mg Iron 46% 8.3 mg Magnesium 52% 220 mg Phosphorus 48% 600 mg Potassium 28% 840 mg Selenium 13% 7 μg Sodium 1% 12 mg Zinc 45% 4.9 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	6.9 g
Water-soluble dietary fiber	0.6 g
Insoluble dietary fiber	2.4 g
Biotin（B7）	37.3 µg
Vitamin E showed only α-tocopherol[1]
†Percentages estimated usingUS recommendations for adults,[2] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from theNational Academies.[3]

Tofu skin,yuba, fupi,beancurd skin,beancurd sheet, orbeancurd robes is a food item made from soybeans. During the boiling ofsoy milk, typically heated to 80–90 °C (176–194 °F), in an open shallow pan, a film or skin composed primarily of a soy protein-lipid complex forms on the liquid surface.^[4][5] The films are collected and dried into yellowish sheets known as tofu skin.^[6][7] Since tofu skin is not produced using a coagulant, it is not technically a propertofu; however, it does have a similar texture and flavor to some tofu products.

Tofu skin's use was first documented in written records in China in the sixteenth century. It is widely used, fresh, fermented, or dried, in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cuisine.

An early written reference to tofu skin appeared in 1587 in Japan in theMatsuya Hisamatsu Chakai-ki (Three-generation Diary of the Matsuya's Family's Tea Ceremonies). The writer, Matsuya Hisamasa, states simply that tofu skin is the film that forms atop soymilk.^[6]

Other written references to tofu skin appeared around that time in China in theBencao Gangmu pharmacopoeia byLi Shizhen. This work was completed in 1578, but not published until 1596. Chapter 25 states:

If a film should form on the surface of soymilk when it is heated in the process of making tofu, it should be lifted off and dried to givedoufu pi (literally "bean curd skin") which is itself a delicious food ingredient

A third known reference to tofu skin appears in 1695 in Japan in theBen Chao Shi Jian (Wade–Giles: Pen Chao Shih Chien [A Mirror of Food in This Dynasty, 12 volumes]. This book was written by Hitomi Hitsudai in Japan, in Chinese. When Japanese read the Chinese characters for tofu skin,doufu-lao, they pronounce themtōfu no uba. Lao oruba means "old woman" or "wet nurse".

Tofu skin is noted for a creamy and nutty flavor, and when fresh, it has a creamy-yellow color. Because of its texture and taste, it is often used as a meat substitute. While dried tofu skin is typically rehydrated by soaking, a traditional method for preparing the thin sheets is to gently moisten them with a damp cloth before use.

Tofu skin may be purchased in fresh or dried form. In the latter case, the tofu skin is rehydrated in water before use. It is often used to wrapdim sum.

Because of its slightly rubbery texture, tofu skin is also manufactured in bunched, folded and wrapped forms, which are used as meat substitutes in vegetarian cuisine. Tofu skins can be wrapped and then folded against itself to makedòu baō (Chinese:豆包;lit. 'tofu package'). These are often fried to form a firmer skin before being cooked further.

While in Chinese cuisine tofu skin is almost exclusively used in savory dishes, in Japan it can also be prepared as a dessert. A common point of confusion is its relation toInarizushi; the pouches used for this type of sushi are made from thin slices of deep-fried tofu (abura-age), not from tofu skin.^[8]

In Chinese culinary tradition, tofu skin is often graded based on when the film is lifted from the soy milk, resulting in different textures and uses. This classification is not commonly detailed outside of China.^[8]

• Fupi (腐皮): The first film to be lifted. It is considered the highest quality, with the smoothest and most delicate texture. It can be eaten fresh or dried in sheets.
• Fuzhu (腐竹): The films lifted after the initialfupi. These are hung to dry, which causes them to form into sticks. Their texture is still highly regarded but is slightly denser thanfupi. The name is sometimes also written as 腐枝 (fǔzhī) or 枝竹 (zhīzhú).
• Sheets for sweet soups: Later layers are often laid flat to dry and are primarily used in desserts and sweet soups (糖水,táng shuǐ).
• Coarser sheets: Lower layers are thicker and coarser, making them suitable as wrappers for various food items.
• Tian zhu (甜竹, "sweet bamboo"): The last and coarsest layers collected from the bottom of the pan, typically used as a minor ingredient in dishes.

These are the three basic forms. Each comes in many varieties.

Tofu skin may also be dried and sold asfuzhu (dried beancurd sticks). By layering or bunching fresh tofu skin or rehydrated tofu skin, then tying it tightly in cloth and stewing it, the dried beancurd sticks will retain their original shape. This bunched tofu skin is then calledtofu chicken (simplified Chinese:豆鸡; traditional Chinese:豆雞; pinyin:dòu jī; or simplified Chinese:素鸡; traditional Chinese:素雞; pinyin:sù jī). In Thai cooking it is referred to asfawng dtâo-hûu (Thai:ฟองเต้าหู้, lit. foam tofu). It is commonly called foo chuk in Southeast Asia.^[9]

By layering and bunching the sheets, then stewing them, a wide variety of meat substitutes can be created. The most common istofu chicken (素雞,sù jī), but by adding different seasonings and pressing it into shape, it is also made intotofu duck (素鴨,sù yā) andtofu ham (素火腿,sù huǒtuǐ).^[8] These products should not be confused with another product sometimes called "vegetarian chicken" (齋雞,zhāi jī), which is typically made from other soy-based ingredients and has a granular or ball-like shape.

The earliest process for making these meatless meats consisted of rolling thin sheets of doufupi, literally tofu skin, around a filling of minced, smoked, or other seasoned pieces of tofu skin, tying closed the bundle with string, and steaming until a meaty texture and flavor developed.^[10]

Other methods include rolling the tofu skin tightly on achopstick and steaming it to form a log. When the log is sliced, each slice will be circular with a square hole in the center, which looks like oldChinese coins.

• 
  Dried rolls
• 
  Driedfuzhu sticks
• 
  Cookedfuzhu
• 
  Tofu skin roll asdim sum
• 
  Imitation chicken rolls
• 
  Dried and portioned yuba for sale
• 
  Two types of yuba:kumiage yuba (freshly scooped) andsashimi yuba (served raw like sashimi)
• 
  Yubamusubi

• Tofu skin roll
• Dim sum
• Abura-age

Wikimedia Commons has media related toTofu skin.

• About Tofu Skin
• William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi (2012).History of Yuba - The Film That Forms atop Heated Soymilk (1587-2012), Soinfo Center (englisch)
• William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi (2004).History of Yuba, Soinfo Center (englisch)
• Archived 23 June 2021 at theWayback Machine

• Buddhist cuisine
• Cantonese cuisine
• Chinese cuisine
• Dim sum
• Japanese cuisine
• Soy-based foods
• Sushi
• Tofu

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Pages using infobox nutritional value with unknown parameters
• Articles containing Chinese-language text
• Articles containing Korean-language text
• Articles containing Japanese-language text
• Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text
• Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text
• Articles containing Thai-language text
• Commons category link is on Wikidata
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• Use dmy dates from August 2019