Tobias Michael Carel Asser was born on 28 April 1838 inAmsterdam, the Netherlands, in a Jewish family.[1][2] He was the son of Carel Daniel Asser (1813–1885) and grandson ofCarel Asser (1780–1836). He studied law at theUniversity of Amsterdam andLeiden University and was a law professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Asser was a leading legal mind in the area of private international law and firmly believed that sound legal frameworks that govern private cross-border relationships would promote peace and stability. In 1893, Asser initiated the convocation of the First Diplomatic Session of the HCCH, the preeminent global organisation in the area ofprivate international law. The participating States were Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland. Asser was elected the Session's President, and subsequently re-elected at the Second to Fourth Session which took place in 1894, 1900 and 1904 respectively. Under his leadership, the HCCH developed some multilateral treaties, the Hague Conventions, that unified the rules of private international law in the areas ofMarriage (1902),Divorce (1902),Guardianship (1902),Civil Procedure (1905),Effects of Marriage (1905), andDeprivation of Civil Rights (1905).
In 1911, Asser received theNobel Peace Prize. In his Award Ceremony Speech on 10 December 1911, Chairman of the Nobel CommitteeJørgen Gunnarsson Løvland emphasised specifically Asser's work in the field of private international law, and his achievements in establishing the HCCH, as reasons for receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, describing Asser as "a successor to or reviver of The Netherlands' pioneer work in international law in the seventeenth century", theHugo Grotius of his time.[5]
He was a delegate of the Netherlands to bothHague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907, where he urged the principle of compulsory arbitration be introduced in the economic area[6] and contributed to the creation of thePermanent Court of Arbitration as the first global mechanism for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.[3]
A research institute in the fields of Private and Public International Law,European Law and International Commercial Arbitration is named after Tobias Michael Carel Asser. This is theT.M.C. Asser Instituut, based inThe Hague, Netherlands.[8]
