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Tobati language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oceanic language spoken in Indonesia
Tobati
Yotafa
Native toIndonesia
RegionPapua
EthnicityTobati
Native speakers
100 (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3tti
Glottologtoba1266
ELPTobati
Tobati is classified as Severely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tobati, orYotafa, is anAustronesian language spoken inJayapura Bay inPapua province,Indonesia. It was once thought to be aPapuan language.[1] Notably, Tobati displays a very rareobject–subject–verb word order.[2]

Phonology

[edit]
Consonants
LabialLabio-
dental
DentalAlveolarPalatalVelar
Nasalmnɲŋ[a]
Stopvoicelesstck
voicedbdd͡ʒ
Fricativevoicelessɸfsʃh[b]
voicedɣ~ɰ
Approximantwj
Rhoticr
  1. ^Before a vowel realized as[ŋg], otherwise nasalizes the preceding vowel.[2]
  2. ^Displays free variation as[h~ɦ~x~ɣ].

/f/ also shows allophony as[p]. However, it does not behave as a stop (seebelow).

Tobati has a five-vowel system of /aeiou/, realized as /aɛiɔʊ/ inclosed syllables.

Phonotactics

[edit]

Tobati permits three consonants in the onset, and at most a single consonant or a nasal-stop cluster in the coda.

Nasal-stop clusters only permit a nasal and a stop of the sameplace of articulation. For the/nd/ sequence,/n/ becomes dental []. Neither the bilabial, consisting of/b/ and the/f/ allophone[p], nor palatal nasal-stop clusters distinguish voice (i.e. they are[pm~bm] and[cɲ~d͡ʒɲ] respectively). The/Nk/ sequence voices to[ŋg].[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abTobati atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^abcCrowley, Terry; Lynch, John; Ross, Malcolm (2002). The Oceanic Languages. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 186-88
Sarmi–Jayapura
Schouten
Siau
Kairiru
Manam
Huon Gulf
North Huon Gulf
Markham
South Huon Gulf
Others
Ngero–Vitiaz
Ngero
Bel
Bibling
Pasismanua
Arawe
Mengen
Korap
Roinji–Nenaya
Others
SHWNG
Halmahera Sea
Ambel–Biga
Maya–Matbat
Maden
As
South Halmahera
Cenderawasih
Biakic
Yapen
Southwest
Oceanic
Admiralty
Eastern
Western
Saint Matthias
Temotu
Utupua
Vanikoro
Reefs–Santa Cruz
Southeast
Solomonic
Gela–Guadalcanal
Malaita–
San Cristobal
Western
Oceanic
Meso–Melanesian
Kimbe
New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik
Tabar
Madak
St. George
Northwest
Solomonic
North New Guinea
Sarmi–
Jayapura
 ?
Schouten
Huon Gulf
Ngero–Vitiaz
Papuan Tip
Nuclear
Kilivila–Misima
Nimoa–Sudest
Southern
Oceanic
North Vanuatu
Torres–Banks
Maewo–Ambae–
North Pentecost
South Pentecost
Espiritu Santo
Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic
Central Vanuatu
South Vanuatu
Erromango
Tanna
Loyalties–
New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
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Micronesian
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Pohnpeic
Chuukic
Pohnpeic
Central Pacific
West
East
Polynesian
Nuclear
Polynesian
Samoic
Eastern
Futunic
Tongic
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicatesextinct status
Official language
Malayo-Sumbawan
Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
Chamic
Ibanic
Madurese
Malayic
Sundanese
Javanese
Celebic
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Northwest Sumatra–
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South Sulawesi
Barito
Kayan–Murik
Land Dayak
North Bornean
Philippine languages
Central Philippine
Gorontalo-Mongondow
Minahasan
Sangiric
Aru
Central Maluku
Flores–Lembata
Halmahera-
Cenderawasih
Kei-Tanimbar
Micronesian
Mapia
Selaru
Sumba–Flores
Timor–Babar
Western Oceanic
North Halmahera
Timor–Alor–Pantar
Asmat–Mombum
West Bird's Head
South Bird's Head
East Bird's Head
West Bomberai
Dani
Paniai Lakes
Digul River
Foja Range
Lakes Plain
East Cenderawasih Bay
Yawa
Demta–Sentani
Ok
Momuna–Mek
Skou
South Pauwasi
East Pauwasi
West Pauwasi
Kaure–Kosare
Marind–Yaqai
Bulaka River
Kayagar
Border
Senagi
Mairasi
Kolopom
Yam
Lower Mamberamo
Unclassfied or language isolates
Other languages
Creoles andPidgins
Malay-based creoles
Other creoles and pidgins
Immigrant languages
Chinese
European
Indian
Middle Eastern
Others
Sign languages
† indicateextinct languages
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