| Tkinter | |
|---|---|
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Tkinter is abinding to theTkGUI toolkit forPython. It is the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit,[1] and is Python'sde facto standard GUI.[2] Tkinter is included with standardLinux,Microsoft Windows andmacOS installs of Python.
The nameTkinter comes fromTk interface. Tkinter was written bySteen Lumholt andGuido van Rossum,[3] then later revised by Fredrik Lundh.[4]
Tkinter isfree software released under aPython license.[5]
As with most other modern Tk bindings, Tkinter is implemented as a Python wrapper around a completeTclinterpreter embedded in the Pythoninterpreter. Tkinter calls are translated into Tcl commands, which are fed to this embedded interpreter, thus making it possible to mix Python and Tcl in a single application.
There are several popular GUI library alternatives available, such asKivy,Pygame,Pyglet,PyGObject,PyQt,PySide, andwxPython.
This term has different meanings in different contexts, but in general it refers to a rectangular area somewhere on the user's display screen.
A window which acts as a child of the primary window. It will be decorated with the standard frame and controls for thedesktop manager. It can be moved around the desktop and can usually be resized.
The generic term for any of the building blocks that make up an application in a graphical user interface.
Tkinter provides three modules that allow pop-up dialogs to be displayed: tk.messagebox (confirmation, information, warning and error dialogs), tk.filedialog (single file, multiple file and directory selection dialogs) and tk.colorchooser (colour picker).
Python 2.7 and Python 3.1 incorporate the "themed Tk" ("ttk") functionality of Tk 8.5.[6][7] This allows Tk widgets to be easily themed to look like the native desktop environment in which the application is running, thereby addressing a long-standing criticism of Tk (and hence of Tkinter). Some widgets are exclusive to ttk, such as the combobox, progressbar, treeview, notebook, separator and sizegrip.[8]
In Tkinter, the Frame widget is the basic unit of organization for complex layouts. A frame is a rectangular area that can contain other widgets.
When any widget is created, a parent–child relationship is created. For example, if you place a text label inside a frame, the frame is the parent of the label.
Below is a minimal Python 3 Tkinter application with one widget:[9]
#!/usr/bin/env python3fromtkinterimport*root=Tk()# Create the root (base) windoww=Label(root,text="Hello, world!")# Create a label with wordsw.pack()# Put the label into the windowroot.mainloop()# Start the event loop
For Python 2, the only difference is the word "tkinter" in the import command will be capitalized to "Tkinter".[10]
There are four stages to creating a widget[11]
These are often compressed, and the order can vary.
Using theobject-oriented paradigm in Python, a simple program would be (requires Tcl version 8.6, which is not used by Python on MacOS by default):
#!/usr/bin/env python3importtkinterastkclassApplication(tk.Frame):def__init__(self,root=None):tk.Frame.__init__(self,root)self.grid()self.createWidgets()defcreateWidgets(self):self.medialLabel=tk.Label(self,text="Hello World")self.medialLabel.config(bg="#00ffff")self.medialLabel.grid()self.quitButton=tk.Button(self,text="Quit",command=self.quit)self.quitButton.grid()app=Application()app.root=tk.Tk()app.root.title("Sample application")app.mainloop()