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TheTiwana family of Shahpur is a prominentPunjabi Muslim feudal family which claimsParmar Rajput decent.[1] It is among the largest landowning families inPunjab, and its members have held significant influence inPunjabi politics politics since the 17th century.
In 1862, theShahpur District was administered byMalik Sahib Khan Tiwana and Council Member Mehar Khan Tiwana. Notable descendants of the family include:
Other notable members of the Tiwana clan from Shahpur include:
_of_the_Tiwana_family_of_Mitha_Tiwana%2c_Punjab%2c_revised_pedigree-table_(1940).jpg)
Mir Ali Khan, the founder of the Tiwana family, settled in Okhali Mohallah, located in the present-dayKhushab District, during the mid-17th century.[2] Around 1680, his son Mir Ahmad Khan established the town of Mitha Tiwana.[2]
Mir Ahmad Khan's successors, Dadu Khan and Sher Khan, continued the development of Mitha Tiwana, transforming it into a flourishing town in the region. Sher Khan significantly expanded his territory at the expense of neighbouringAwan tribes and refused to pay tribute to the provincial governors atDera Ismail Khan.[2] In 1745, he founded the village ofNurpur Tirwana.[2]
Sher Khan later rebelled against Inayat Khan of theJhangSials, who had earlier appointed him as administrator of the village of Mari. He expelled the Sials fromKhai and laid siege to Kot Langar Khan.[2] However, Inayat Khan dispatched an army to lift the siege and defeated Sher Khan. Sher Khan died in 1757, leaving behind two sons: Khan Muhammad Khan and Khan Beg Khan.
Khan Beg Khan usurped his elder brother Khan Muhammad Khan as chief while the latter was away in Jhang visiting relatives. Upon his return, Khan Muhammad raised an army from Nurpur Tirwana, defeated Khan Beg, and imprisoned him.[3]
Khan Muhammad Khan was frequently engaged in conflicts with neighbouring chiefs. He launched an attack on Lal Khan, the Chief ofKhushab, bombarded the town, and reportedly tied prisoners to cannons to divert enemy fire.[3] Lal Khan sought help fromMahan Singh Sukharchakia, an old friend of Khan Muhammad, who arrived with a large force, compelling Khan Muhammad to retreat.
Towards the end of his reign, Khan Beg once again took up arms against his brother Khan Muhammad. In 1803, Khan Muhammad agreed to pay a subsidy of one lakh rupees toMaharajah Ranjit Singh in exchange for support in defeating Khan Beg.[3] Although this led to a victory over his brother, Khan Muhammad was compelled by his son, Ahmad Yar Khan, to relinquish the chiefship in 1804.[3]
In 1817, Maharaja Ranjit Singh dispatched a force under Misr Diwan Chand against Ahmad Yar Khan. Ahmad Yar Khan submitted to the Maharaja's authority and was granted thejagir ofJhawrian, valued at approximately ten thousand rupees.[4] In 1819,Hari Singh Nalwa was granted the jagir of Mitha Tiwana.[4]
In 1821, Ahmad Yar Khan joined the Maharaja in a campaign against his old adversary, the Nawab ofMankera. Impressed by the performance of the Tiwana Horse, the Maharaja insisted that a troop of fifty horsemen accompany him back toLahore.[4] Ahmad Yar Khan's brother, Khuda Yar Khan, was appointed rough rider to the Maharaja and oversaw his hunting expeditions until his death in 1837.[4]
Khuda Yar Khan's son,Fateh Khan, rose to prominence initially under Hari Singh Nalwa, and later through the patronage of Raja Dhyan Singh. He played a role in the assassination ofPashaura Singh, alongsideChattar Singh Attariwalla.[4] Fateh Khan was killed at the outbreak of theSecond Anglo-Sikh War by mutineers at his fort in Dalipnagar, located inBannu.
Several members of the Tiwana family gained recognition for their support during theIndian Rebellion of 1857.[5]Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana rendered services inHissar andJhajjar, while his cousin Sher Muhammad Khan provided assistance in theDoaba,Oudh, andBareilly regions. Both were rewarded withjagirs and conferred the title of Khan Bahadur.[3]
Another family member,Sahib Khan, was also granted the title of Khan Bahadur. He received nearly 9,000 acres of land inKalpi and a jagir valued at ₹1,200.[5] Sahib Khan's son,Umar Hayat Khan, became a decorated officer in theBritish Indian Army and was later elected to theCouncil of the Secretary of State for India.[5] His son,Khizar Hayat Tiwana, went on to become the lastPremier of the Punjab duringBritish rule.
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The Nawabs of Shahpur were hereditary rulers traditionally assisted by a council of local elders. While the records of early rulers remain uncertain, verifiable details are available from approximately 1650 onwards.
| Reign | Nawab of Shahpur |
|---|---|
| 1650-1675 | Mir Ali Khan Tiwana |
| 1675-1732 | Mir Ahmad Khan Tiwana |
| 1732-1740 | Malik Dadu Khan Tiwana |
| 1740–1757 | Malik Sher Khan Tiwana |
| 1757-1804 | Khan Muhammad Khan Tiwana |
| 1804–1837 | Ahmad Yar Khan Tiwana |
| 1837-1879 | Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana |
| 1879–1944 | Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana |
| 1944–1975 | Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana |
| 1975–2015 | Malik Nazar Hayat Tiwana |
| 2015–present | Malik Umar Hayat Tiwana - Umar II |
The Tiwanas were not originally Punjabis, or Muslims. According to bardic traditions, they were descended from the Parmaras Rajputs who ruled in the Dhar, Mandu and Ujjain areas of central India (present day Madhya Pradesh) in the ninth and tenth centuries A.D.
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