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Tivat Тиват | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
 .jpg) .jpg) From the top: View over the city, Anchor monument, The Marina | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Tivat Location of Tivat | |
| Coordinates:42°26′N18°42′E / 42.43°N 18.70°E /42.43; 18.70 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Region | Coastal |
| Municipality | Tivat |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Settlements | 12 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-Assembly |
| • Mayor | Željko Komnenović[1] (Independent) |
| Area | |
• Town andmunicipality | 46 km2 (18 sq mi) |
| Population (2011 census) | |
| • Rank | 12th in Montenegro |
| • Density | 296/km2 (770/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 9,367 |
| • Rural | 3,794 |
| • Municipality | 14,031 |
| Demonym(s) | Tivćanin (male), Tivćanka (female) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 85320 |
| Area code | +382 32 |
| ISO 3166-2 code | ME-19 |
| Car plates | TV |
| Climate | Csa |
| Website | Official website |
Tivat (Serbo-Croatian: Tivat/Тиват,pronounced[tîv̞at]) is a town inCoastal region ofMontenegro, located in theBay of Kotor. As of 2011[update], its population was 9,367.[2] Tivat is the centre ofTivat Municipality, which is the smallest municipality by area in Montenegro.
InSerbo-Croatian, the city is known asTivat (Тиват); inItalian andVenetian asTeodo. The town was first mentioned in the 14th century records ofKotor, asTeude,Theode, andTheudo, and has been connected to theIllyrian QueenTeuta, who ruled the region in 3rd century BC.[3] Teuta had a residence inRhizon and a summer residence between the church of St. Rocco inDonja Lastva and Seljanovo. The name could also come from theGreek word "Θείοδος" (Theiodos, meaning "way of God"), or from the names of old Christian saints:Theodulus,Theodocius orTheodotus.[citation needed] Besides the popular name Theudo, aLatin expression,Latus Tiuveti, comes from the 16th century. Finally, the name could originate from theCeltic wordtouto, town.[citation needed]
Archaeological sites attest that the area was inhabited in antiquity, with Greek and Roman settlements. Tombs and tombstones from the Roman period were discovered in Lastva and Opatovo.[citation needed]
Tivat is the youngest town in theBay of Kotor area and was established on the plateau at the bottom of theVrmac. During theMiddle Ages, the fertile lands of the area belonged mostly to the aristocrats of Kotor,Prčanj andDobrota. Estates, castles and chalets were there as well as the collective church ofSt Anton dating from 1373. Part of this inheritance, which was the property of the wealthyBuća family, is a historic chalet which today houses Tivat's museums and galleries. The residence of the metropolitan of the bishopric of Zeta was built from the 13th to the 15th century on thePrevlaka Island. Tivat, known asTeodo inVenetian, was under theRepublic of Venice as a part ofAlbania Veneta from 1420 to 1797. In those centuries Teodo enjoyed economic development that attracted manySerb refugees fromOttoman-held areas. Some Venetian-style buildings are still standing today.[citation needed]
Rapid development of Tivat started in the second half of 19th century when the Austrian empire built a maritime arsenal for its fleet. Still the town shaped itself by developing small industry. In the beginning of 1918, in the Tivat Bay sailors revolted against theAustrian empire. With great approval and support, people from this area followed their revolutionary actions. The period between two world wars was marked with syndicate activity in Račica, Krtoli and Arsenal. Between 1941 and 1943 the town was part of the ItalianGovernatorate of Dalmatia.[citation needed]
In 1889, a naval arsenal was built byAustrians, and was later used as a navalmilitary base of the Italian Navy, the Yugoslav People's Army and theArmy of Montenegro. The JNA enjoyed an international reputation as a powerful, well-equipped, and well-trained force. The base was also used by Russia and Libya as the technical base for maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) of their ships and submarines.[citation needed]
Tivat is located in the central part of the Bay of Kotor (Boka Kotorska, or simply "Boka"), south of mountVrmac. The municipality lies mostly south of the town, and has an exit to open sea at the tourist location Pržno inlet near Radovići village to the south. Its central part, whereTivat Airport is located, lies in fertileGrbalj valley. The airport is located near theisthmus ofLuštica peninsula, which belongs to the municipality ofHerceg Novi for the most part.
Tivat has about 14,000 inhabitants. It is 19 kilometres (12 miles) away fromHerceg Novi, 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Kotor, 23 km (14 mi) away from Budva, 80 km (50 mi) from Dubrovnik and 90 km (56 mi) fromPodgorica. Geomorphologically, Tivat is composed of three areas. The first is the hills and peaks of Vrmac, Velji Vrh (710 metres (2,329 feet)) and Popova glava (584 metres (1,916 feet)). Water activity formed capes Seljanovo, Pakovo and Račica. The second area is Tivat field, flattened by water activity. The third area is Krtoli with islands – Island of Flowers, St. Marko, and Lady of Mercy which is bordered by Novski bay on the north-west and Grbalj area on the south-east.
Tivat is the12th largest city in terms of population, which was 10,743 in 2023.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 9,315 | — |
| 1991 | 11,404 | +22.4% |
| 2003 | 13,422 | +17.7% |
| 2011 | 14,031 | +4.5% |
| Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.[4] | ||
The majority of the city’s population consists ofMontenegrins, who make up 34.31%, followed bySerbs at 32.23% (2023 census). The same census records thatCroats account for 12.89% of residents.Since thewar in Ukraine began in 2022, a significant number ofRussians (5.41%) andUkrainians (1.07%) have moved to Tivat.[5]
Montenegrin,Serbian,Bosnian, andCroatian are mutually intelligible as standard varieties of theSerbo-Croatian language. Serbian is the most spoken language in the town, with 37.84% of the population using it, followed closely by Montenegrin at 34.73%.Russian ranks third at 6.21%, while Croatian is spoken by 4.99%. Other languages (Albanian, Bosnian,Ukrainian, and undeclared) speak 16.23% of population.
Religion in Tivat is diverse. The predominant religion is Eastern Orthodoxy (64.05%), primarily practiced by the majority of Montenegrins and Serbs. However, Tivat is also home to other religious communities, including Catholics (21.45%), Muslims (4.62%), and other smaller religious communities. There are also 8.11% of non-religious people. The town has Orthodox churches, Catholic churches, mosques and other places of worship catering to the religious needs of its inhabitants.
The local football team isFK Arsenal Tivat, who have spent several seasons in the country'ssecond tier. They share theirStadion u Parku with rugby teamRFC Arsenal Tivat. The town's basketball team isKK Teodo Tivat.
Already a popular tourist resort, Tivat is set to become anautical tourism centre for the southernAdriatic.
The inlets near Prevlaka, as well as the localities of Župa and Kalimanj, provide great conditions for the construction ofmarinas and yachting clubs. Canadian businessmanPeter Munk bought a navalshipyard in Tivat, intending to transform it into a luxury vacation resort and a marina forluxury yachts called Porto Montenegro.[7]
In 1971Tivat Airport acquired a modern runway and is now a significant airport for foreign air traffic. It served 1,367,282 passengers in 2019.
Although it is the youngest town in the Boka region, Tivat has a number of tourist sites. Renaissance Summer House Buca in the centre of city,Ostrvo Cvijeća (Flowers’ Island) with sacred monuments, Gornja Lastva, the old nucleus at an altitude of 300 m (984.25 ft), the magnificent sandy beach at Plavi Horizonti and theSveti Marko Island with ex-Club Med cottages are the most visited. In the city itself there is the natural port Kalimanj. There is also a choice of cultural events, such as "Bocce Olympiad" and "Summer Fest". Tivat boasts a botanic garden planted with gifts from Bokan sailors who brought back a wide variety of exotic tree species and ornamental plants from their voyages.
Tivat is connected with the rest of Montenegro by theAdriatic Highway, a two-laned road that runs down the length ofMontenegrin coast. Travelling inland is possible by leaving the Adriatic Highway atBudva orSutomore (through theSozina tunnel).
A ferry operates on the Kamenari - Lepetani line across the Verige Strait, eliminating the need to go all the way around Boka Kotorska bay in order to reach the Herceg Novi riviera. It is speculated that a futureVerige bridge will be constructed across the bay.
Tivat Airport is 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the city centre, and is one of the two international airports in Montenegro, the other one beingPodgorica airport. Traffic at the airport follows the seasonal nature of the tourism industry in coastal Montenegro, with 80% of the total volume of passengers being handled during the peak season (May–September). Due to its proximity to the town, the airport does not operateduring the night.
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