| Tirio | |
|---|---|
| Lower Fly River | |
| Geographic distribution | New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | tiri1259 |
 Map: The Tirio languages of New Guinea The Tirio languages Other Trans–New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited | |
TheTirio languages are afamily ofTrans–New Guinea languages in the classification ofMalcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common.
Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as:[2]
Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam).
The moribund languageAbom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of its lexicon with the others, but it turns out to not belong to the family at all, nor to the Anim family that Tirio is a branch of.[3]
A survey of the Tirio languages can be found in Jore and Alemán (2002).[4]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[5]
| *m | *n | ||
| *p | *t | *k | |
| *mb | *nd | *ŋg | |
| *s | |||
| *w | *ɾ | *j | *ɣ |
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
The pronouns are:[5]
| sg | pl | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | *naoɣ | *naoj |
| 2 | *ɣaoɣ | *jaoɣ |
| 3m | *igi | *jiɣ |
| 3f | – |
Lower Fly River (Makayam and Baramu) reflexes ofproto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma:[6]