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Tindi language

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Northeast Caucasian language

Tindi
Идараб мицциIdarab mittsi
Pronunciation	[idarabmitsːi]
Native to	North Caucasus
Region	SouthernDagestan
Ethnicity	Tindi people
Native speakers	4,500 (2020 census)^[1]
Language family	Northeast Caucasian Avar–Andic Andic Akhvakh–Tindi Karata–Tindi Botlikh–Tindi Bagvalal–Tindi Tindi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`tin`
Glottolog	`tind1238`
ELP	Tindi
Tindi
Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tindi is aNortheast Caucasian language spoken in theRussian republic ofDagestan.Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village ofIdar call their languageIdarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language;Avar orRussian are used in written communication instead.^[2] Tindi vocabulary contains manyloanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian.^[3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers.^[1]

Phonology

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Vowels

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There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi.^[4]^[5]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

Nasalized vowels may also exist as/ĩ,ẽ,ã,õ,ũ/ and as long-nasalized/ĩː,ẽː,ãː,õː,ũː/.

Consonants

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		Labial	Dental		Alveolar				Palatal	Velar				Uvular		Pharyn- geal	Glottal
			Dental		central		lateral			central		palatalized		Uvular
			lenis	fortis	lenis	fortis	lenis	fortis		lenis	fortis	lenis	fortis	lenis	fortis
Nasal		m	n
Plosive	voiceless	p	t							k	kː	kʲ	kʲː
	ejective		tʼ							kʼ		kʲʼ					ʔ
	voiced	b	d							ɡ		ɡʲ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s	t͡sː	t͡ʃ	t͡ʃː		t͡ɬː							q͡χː
Affricate	ejective		t͡sʼ	t͡sʼː	t͡ʃʼ	t͡ʃʼː		t͡ɬʼː							q͡χʼː
Fricative	voiceless		s	sː	ʃ	ʃː	ɬ	ɬː	ç					χ	χː	ħ	h
Fricative	voiced		z		ʒ									ʁ		ʕ
Trill					r
Approximant		w	l						j

Orthography

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Tindi is typically unwritten. A 2003 dictionary uses the following orthography:^[6]

А а	А̄ а̄	Аᵸ аᵸ	А̄ᵸ а̄ᵸ	Б б	В в	Г г	Г' г'	Гъ гъ
Гь гь	ГӀ гӀ	Д д	Е е	Еᵸ еᵸ	Е̄ е̄	Ж ж	Дж дж	З з
И и	Ӣ ӣ	Иᵸ иᵸ	Ӣᵸ ӣᵸ	Й й	К к	Кк кк	К' к'	Кк' кк'
КӀ кӀ	КӀ' кӀ'	Л л	Лъ лъ	Лъ' лъ'	Ллъ ллъ	ЛӀ лӀ	М м	Н н
О о	О̄ о̄	Оᵸ оᵸ	П п	С с	C̄ c̄	Т т	ТӀ тӀ	У у
Ӯ ӯ	Уᵸ уᵸ	Ӯᵸ ӯᵸ	Х х	Хх хх	Хъ хъ	Хь хь	Хь' хь'	ХӀ хӀ
Ц ц	Цц цц	ЦӀ цӀ	Ч ч	Чч чч	Ш ш	Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Э э

References

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^^a ^bТом 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
^Tindi language atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^Akiner, Shirin (1986).Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 264.ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.
^"Грамматика тиндинского языка | Малые языки России".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-09-27.
^"Тиндинский язык | Малые языки России".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-09-27.
^Магомедова П. Т. Тиндинско-русский словарь. Махачкала, 2003. Большая российская энциклопедия (in Russian).

Magomedbekova, Z. M. (2001). "Tindinskij Jazyk".Yazyki mira: Kavkazskie Yazyki. Moskva: Academia. pp. 283–291.

External links

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Tindi language test ofWikipedia atWikimedia Incubator

North Caucasian languages

The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families.

Northwest
(Pontic)

Abazgi

Circassian

Adyghe	Shapsug Hakuchi Abzakh Bzhedug
Kabardian	Kabardian proper Besleney

Other

Northeast
(Caspian)

Avar–Andic

Avar	Avar
Andic	Andi Akhvakh Bagvalal–Tindi Botlix–Godoberi Chamalal Karata Tukita

Dargic

Chirag
North-Central	Mehweb Gapshima–Butri [lez] Muira [ru] Tsudaqar–Usisha North Dargwa Aqusha Literary Dargwa Murego–Gubden [uk] Kadar Mugi [ru] Upper Mulebki Urakhi
Southern	Ashti–Kubachi Sanzhi–Itsari Amuzgi–Shiri [ru] Sanakari–Chakhrizhi Southwestern Dargwa Sirhwa [lez;uk] Tanti Upper Vurqni [ru]
Kaitag–Shari	Kaitag Shari

Tsezic

Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi
- Inkhoqwari
Hinukh–Tsez

Lezgic

Archi

Samur

Eastern	Aghul Lezgian Tabasaran Udi Caucasian Albanian
Southern	Budukh Kryts Jek
Western	Rutul Tsakhur

Nakh

Vainakh	Chechen Aukh Ingush
Other	Bats Dval? Èrsh? Malkh? Tsov?

Other

Italics indicateextinct languages

Languages of the Caucasus

Caucasian
(areal)

South
(Kartvelian)

Northeast
(Caspian)

Avar–Andic

Andic
- Andi
- Akhvakh
- Bagvalal–Tindi
- Botlikh–Godoberi
- Chamalal
- Karata
  - Tukita
Avar

Dargin

Chirag
North-Central	Mehweb Gapshima Muira [ru] Tsudaqar–Usisha–Butri North Dargwa Aqusha Literary Dargwa Murego–Gubden [uk] Kadar Mugi [ru] Upper Mulebki Urakhi
Southern	Ashti–Kubachi Sanzhi–Itsari Amuzgi–Shiri [ru] Sanakari–Chakhrizhi Southwestern Dargwa Sirhwa [lez;uk] Tanti Upper Vurqni [ru]
Kaitag–Shari	Kaitag Shari

Lezgic

Archi
Samur
- Eastern
- Southern
  - Budukh
  - Kryts
    - Jek
- Western
  - Rutul
  - Tsakhur
- Udi
- Caucasian Albanian

Nakh

Tsezic (Didoic)

Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi
Hinukh–Tsez

Others

Northwest
(Pontic)

Indo-
European

Iranian	Cimmerian Kurdish Kurmanji Ossetian Alanic Persian Talysh Kilit Tat Judeo-Tat
Slavic	Belarusian Russian Ukrainian
Others	Armenian Classical Armenian Middle Armenian Eastern Western Zok German Pontic Greek

Turkic

Kipchak	Karachay-Balkar Kumyk Nogai Urum
Oghuz	Azerbaijani Turkish Turkmen

Others

Italics indicateextinct languages
Languages between parentheses arevarieties of the language on their left.

See also: Languages of Armenia; Languages of Azerbaijan; Languages of Georgia; Languages of Russia

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