TheSassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name used for the Persian dynasty which lasted from 224 to 651 AD.

• 224 –Ardashir I introduces the titleŠāhanšāh (king of kings); theSasanid reign is founded.
• c. 224–240 –Zoroastrianism belief experiences an era of recovery under the reign of Ardashir I.
• 230 – The Sassanian army assaults theRoman-controlled fraction of UpperMesopotamia and lays hands onNisibis, but fails to capture it.
• 237–238 – Ardashir I begins another rushes on the Eastern Roman Provinces and occupiesHarran andNisibis.
• 241 –Coronation ofShapur I.
• c. 242–273 –Mani makes a journey inPersia.
• 252–256 – Shapur I moves forward to the Eastern Roman Provinces.
• c. 259 – Defeat and capture ofValerian by Shapur I.
• c. 260 – 2nd foray of the Eastern Roman Provinces by Shapur I.
• c. 261 –Odaenathus, the ruler ofPalmyra, stops the triumphant Persian troops coming back home following the looting ofAntioch, scores a notable victory while Shapur is absent and drives the Persians back across theEuphrates. He fails to takeCtesiphon and the Persians are victorious.
• 271 – Coronation ofHormizd I.
• 273 – Coronation ofBahram I.
• 274 or 277 – The execution ofMani by influential Zoroastrian high priestKartir.
• 276 –Coronation ofBahram II.

• 276 – TheKartir is chosen as extreme power of theZoroastrian place of worship and victimizes the supporters of other believes; his engravings atKa'ba-ye Zartosht,Naqsh-e Rajab, andSar Mashhad (south ofKazerun) declare to prove his principles.
• 283 –Roman EmperorCarus seizesMesopotamia and catchesCtesiphon, but his troops comes back his unexpected passing.
• 286 –Tiridates takes the Armenian throne and the Persians are discharged from there.
• 293 –Narseh overwhelms his competitors and triumphs to the Persian throne.

• c. 294 – Narseh’sPaikuli inscription in Iraq next to the Persian frontier.
• 296 – Narseh raids Armenia, expelsTiridates, and quells the Romans.
• 297- Roman EmperorGalerius undoes Narseh. TheTreaty of Nisibis compels Narseh to abandonArmenia andMesopotamia.
• c. 301 – The realm of Armenia is the first nation to accept Christianity as the state religion.
• 302 – Resignation ofNarseh; Coronation ofHormizd II.
• 309 – Coronation ofShapur II.
• 325 –Shapur II falls upon Arab people and makes impregnable the empire’s frontiers.
• 338 – Shapur II retrieves the five regions gave in by Narseh to Rome.
• 348 – Shapur II seizesMesopotamia.
• c. 360 – Fondation of theKidarite kingdom.
• 363 – War betweenJulian and Persian troops follows his back off and demise; the surrendered territories andNisibis are brought back to Persia.
• 376 – Thearmistice signed by Rome and Persia.
• 379 – Death ofShapur II and the accession ofArdashir II.
• 383 – Coronation ofShapur III.
• 399 – Coronation ofYazdegerd I, titled “the Sinner” owing to his efforts to control the influence of Zoroastrian clergy and his leniency towards other believes.
• 409 – Christian are allowed to publicly worship and to construct churches.^[1]

• 420 – Coronation ofBahram V (Bahram Gūr).
• 421 – Peace between Persia and Rome comes to an end.
• 422 –Bahram V triumphs in driving off an assault by theHephthalites.
• c. 425 – Bahram V brings ingypsies fromIndia to amuse people according to theShahnameh.
• 428 – Dissolution ofArsacid dynasty of Armenia. Establishment ofPersian Armenia.
• 438 – Coronation ofYazdegerd II.
• 451 –Battle of Avarayr fought against the ChristianArmenian rebels led byVardan Mamikonian.
• 457 – Coronation ofHormizd III.
• 459 – Coronation ofPeroz I.
• 484 –Hephthalite Empire conquer Peroz I.
• 484 – Coronation ofBalash. TheNvarsak Treaty grants the Armenians the right to professChristianity freely.
• 488 – Coronation ofKavadh I; expedition againstKhazars.
• c. 490 –Mazdak teaches his egalitarian ideology with the benefit ofKavadh I’s support.
• c. 490 – Initiation of agrarian and tax reforms.
• 496 –Kavadh I is dethroned by his brotherDjamasp.
• 499 – Return of Kavadh I with support ofHephthalites.
• 524 – War betweenByzantine Empire andSassanid Empire.
• 526 – Romans assault Persia, Armenia, and Mesopotamia, however they are beaten. Start of theIberian War.

• 531 – Coronation ofKhosrow I.
• c. 531 – Slaughter and crackdown of theMazdak's followers.
• c. 531 – Farming, governmental, military, communal reforms.
• c. 531 – Conversion ofPanchatantra, aSanskrit-written book-story toMiddle Persian.
• 533 – End of conflict between Persia and Byzantine Empire (the one that started in 524).
• 541 –Lazic War commences between the Byzantines and the Sassanids for control overLazica.
• c. 554 –Procopius, Byzantine expert and observer to the battles betweenKhosrow I andJustinian I, which he writes in hisDe bello Persico (Latin tr., 1833), dies.

• c. 570 –Conquest of Yemen.
• 579 – Death ofKhosrow I and the Coronation ofHormizd IV.
• 580 – Sassanids abolish the monarchy of theKingdom of Iberia. Direct controlthrough self-appointed governors commences.
• 588 –First Perso-Turkic War (withGöktürks) and their defeat at the hands of the Parthian generalBahrām Chobin.
• 590 – Hormizd IV is assassinated; Coronation ofKhosrow II.
• 590 – Uprising ofBahrām Chobin and his seizure of the Persian throne.
• 591 – Overwhelming of Bahrām Chobin; he escapes to the Turks inCentral Asia but is killed after a year.Khosrow II regains the throne with the help of the ByzantineEmperor Maurice.
• 602 – Mutiny against theEmperor Maurice led byPhocas. ClimacticByzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 commences.
• 603 –Khosrow II’s invasion ofByzantium in revenge for the murder ofEmperor Maurice and his relatives by the tyrantPhocas.
• 614 –Conquest of Jerusalem by Persian ShahanshahKhosrow II and Parthian generalShahrbaraz; relics of theTrue Cross are carried off toCtesiphon, capital of the Sasanian Empire.
• 615 –Conquest of Asia Minor by Parthian generalShahin
• 618 –Conquest of Egypt by Parthian generalShahrbaraz
• 622 – Heraclius mounts a counter-offensive against the Sasanians.
• 626 – The Sassanids alongside the alliedAvars andSlavsbesiege the Byzantine capital,Constantinople
• 627 –Heraclius defeats thetroops of the Sasanian Empire nearNineveh.
• 628 – Deposition, trial, and execution ofKhosrow II by his son and successorKavadh II (Shīrūya); peace concluded withByzantine Empire.
• 628 – Murdering of many Sasanian princes by Kavadh II.
• 628 –Kavadh II dies.
• 628–635 – Weakening of the Sasanian dynasty due to a succession of ineffectual kings and queens including the queensBoran andAzarmidokht; chaotic situation prevails.

• 632 –Pond of Khumm event.
• 632 –The Prophet Moḥammad dies; there ensues a dispute over his succession.
• 632–634 –Abu Bakr’s caliphate.
• 633 –Yazdegerd III succeeds to the Persian throne.
• 634 –Umar elected caliph; he plans a successful invasion of Byzantine and Persian (Sasanian) lands.
• 634 – Persian victory over the Muslims at theBattle of the Bridge;Bahman Jadhuyah andJalinus annihilate Arab force
• 635 –Arabs captureDamascus.
• 635–641 –Arab troops captureJerusalem,Antioch,Tripoli, andEgypt.
• 636 – Persians arebeaten by Arab Muslims at Qādisiyyah.
• 637 – Arab Muslims captureCtesiphon, the Sasanian capital;Yazdegerd III escapes toRay.
• 637 – Arab Muslim conquest ofMesopotamia.
• 642 – Final defeat of Persians by Arab Muslims atNehavand.
• 644 –Umar (Muslim caliph) is assassinated byAbu Lu'lu'a Firuz, a Persian captive slave.
• 644–656 –Uthman’s caliphate.
• 651 – Murder ofYazdegerd III; end of theSasanian dynasty; Persia is annexed to theRashidun Caliphate (Islamic Empire).

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