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This is a timeline of the21st century.

• January 1:Euro becomes the official currency in 12 European countries.
• January 15: Launch ofWikipedia, the free online encyclopedia.
• March 27:International Criminal Court ratifies its founding treaty in Rome.
• April 14:NASA launchesGenesis spacecraft to collect solar wind samples.
• May 14:Dennis Tito becomes the first private space tourist to theInternational Space Station.
• June 1:World Health Organization issues warnings overEbola outbreak inUganda.
• September 11:September 11 attacks on theWorld Trade Center andPentagon, killing nearly 3,000 people.
• September 18:U.S. passesPatriot Act to combat terrorism.
• September 28:Afghanistan faces first U.S.-led airstrikes inOperation Enduring Freedom.
• October 7:War in Afghanistan begins, targetingTaliban andAl-Qaeda.
• October 17:China announces accession toWorld Trade Organization agreements.

• January 28:North Korea announces its withdrawal from theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
• March 26:International Criminal Court officially established inThe Hague.
• May 12:Bali bombings killed over 200 people in Indonesia.
• July 10:European heatwave kills thousands in France and Spain.
• August 8:Pakistan floods displace thousands.
• August 23:NASA launchesMars Odyssey orbiter.
• October 28:NATO intervenes inKosovo for humanitarian aid.
• December 28:Timor-Leste formally transitions to independence with UN support.

• January 23:Belgium legalizessame-sex marriage, becoming the second country to do so after theNetherlands.
• February 1:Space Shuttle Columbia disaster — the orbiter disintegrates during re-entry, killing all seven astronauts.
• February 4:U.S. Secretary of StateColin Powell presents evidence ofIraq’s weapons programs to theUnited Nations Security Council.
• February 15: Thelargest global peace protests in history occur in over 600 cities, opposing the impendingIraq War.
• March 12:World Health Organization (WHO) issues global alert onSARS outbreak.
• March 19:Iraq War begins with the U.S.-ledOperation Iraqi Freedom.
• April 9:Fall of Baghdad —Saddam Hussein’s regime collapses.
• April 16:European Union signs treaty for the2004 enlargement, admitting 10 new member states.
• April 28:Abu Ghraib prison scandal begins with reports ofU.S. soldier abuse.
• May 16:Casablanca bombings kill 45 people in Morocco.
• May 21:Earthquake in Algeria kills over 2,000 people nearBoumerdès.
• June 10:Spirit rover launched byNASA towardMars.
• June 15:European heatwave begins, resulting in thousands of deaths by summer’s end.
• June 29:Hong Kong sees 500,000 protesters opposing proposedsecurity laws.
• August 14: MassiveNorth American blackout affects 50 million people in theU.S. andCanada.
• September 26:Indian Ocean earthquake (M 7.6) hitsJapan, killing 700.
• October 15:China launchesShenzhou 5, its firstcrewed spaceflight mission with astronautYang Liwei.
• October 24:Concorde makes its final commercial flight, ending thesupersonic passenger era.
• November 12:Istanbul bombings kill 57 people.
• November 23:Georgia’sRose Revolution forcesEduard Shevardnadze to resign as President.
• November 30:UN peacekeepers intervene inCongo amid civil war resurgence.
• December 13:Saddam Hussein captured byU.S. forces nearTikrit, Iraq.
• December 26:Bam earthquake (M 6.6) inIran kills over 26,000 people.
• December 31:Mars Express orbiter enters orbit around Mars, marking aESA milestone.

• January 7:Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into theRed Sea, killing 148 people.
• January 26: AHajj stampede inSaudi Arabia kills 251 pilgrims during the ritual of stoning the devil.
• January 31:Facebook is created byMark Zuckerberg and classmates atHarvard University.
• March 11:Madrid train bombings killed 193 people and injured around 2,000, Europe's deadliest attack sincePan Am Flight 103.
• September 1–3: On the first school day inRussia, a group ofChechenterroristsheld students, parents and teachers hostage in Beslan school, inNorth Ossetia–Alania. During three days under attack, 334 people died.
• October 23–27:Boston Red Sox wins theWorld Series for the first time since1918, ending theCurse of the Bambino.
• November 7–December 23: TheSecond Battle of Fallujah occurs. It is the deadliest American battle since theVietnam War, killing 95 troops.
• November 18:Massachusetts becomes the firstU.S. state tolegalizesame-sex marriage.
• December 8:Union of South American Nations formed.
• December 26:Boxing Day Tsunami occurs in theIndian Ocean, leading to the deaths of 230,000.
• NATO andthe European Union incorporatesmost of the former Eastern Bloc.
• War in North-West Pakistan begins.
• Spirit andOpportunity land onMars.
• Orange Revolution inUkraine.
• First surface images ofSaturn's moonTitan.

• January 9:Second Sudanese Civil War ends.
• February 14:YouTube is founded byJawed Karim,Chad Hurley andSteve Chen.
• February 14–April 27:Cedar Revolution inLebanon triggered by theassassination of Rafic Hariri.
• February 16: TheKyoto Protocol comes into effect.
• March 22–April 11:Tulip Revolution inKyrgyzstan.
• April 2–19:Pope John Paul II dies,Benedict XVI becomes Pope.
• July 7:7/7 attacks on theLondon Underground.
• July 26–27:Floods in Maharashtra, India over 1000 people die.
• July 28: TheProvisional Irish Republican Army ends itsmilitary campaign in Northern Ireland.
• July 29:Michael E. Brown confirms the discovery of the dwarf planetEris.
• August 3:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad becomesPresident of Iran.
• August 18:Peace Mission 2005, the first joint China–Russiamilitary exercise, begins its eight-day training on theShandong Peninsula.
• August 29–31:Hurricane Katrina kills 1,836 people across theGulf of Mexico coast.
• September 30:Controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaperJyllands-Posten, sparking outrage and violent riots by Muslims around the world.
• October 8: 80,000 are killed inan earthquake inKashmir,Pakistan andAfghanistan.
• November 22:Angela Merkel becomes Germany's first femaleChancellor.
• November 30: Surgeons in France carry out the first humanface transplant withIsabelle Dinoire becoming the first person to undergo it.
• Israel withdraws from Gaza.
• Second Sudanese Civil War ends.

• January 16:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf becomes President ofLiberia, and thus Africa's first elected female head of state.
• January 25:Hamas wins the2006 Palestinian legislative election.
• February 17:2006 Southern Leyte mudslide.
• February 22:2006 al-Askari mosque bombing turns the escalation ofsectarian violence in Iraq into a full-scale war (theIraqi Civil War of 2006-2008).
• March 21:Twitter is launched.
• May 21–June 3:Independence of Montenegro.
• July 11:Mumbai bombings.
• September 19: Acoup d'état in Thailand overthrows the government ofPrime MinisterThaksin Shinawatra.
• October 9: North Korea conducts anuclear test.
• October 9–November 13:Google acquiresYouTube for US$1.65 billion.
• November 1: Former Russian security agentAlexander Litvinenko dies from poisoning in the UK.
• November 21:Comprehensive Peace Accord ends theNepalese Civil War.
• December 30:Execution of Saddam Hussein by hanging.
• 2006 Lebanon War.
• Mexican drug war begins.
• Somalian War of 2006 begins.
• TheInternational Astronomical Union createsthe first formal definition of a planet, which dropsPluto's classification as a planet.
• Nintendo launches theWii.
• TheBaiji, the Yangtzeriver dolphin, becomesfunctionally extinct.
• Israeli soldierGilad Shalit is abducted byHamas.

• January 1:Bulgaria andRomania join theEuropean Union.
• January 4:Nancy Pelosi becomes the first femaleSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives.
• January 9: Introduction of theiPhone.
• March 4:First Ivorian Civil War ends.
• June 10–15:Fatah-Hamas conflict: TheBattle of Gaza (2007) leads toHamas taking control of the Gaza strip.
• August 15:Anti-government protests inMyanmar suppressed by rulingjunta.
• December 13: 27 EU member states sign theTreaty of Lisbon, with the treaty coming into effect onDecember 1, 2009.
• December 27:Assassination of Benazir Bhutto, opposition leader and former prime minister of Pakistan.
• Spike in food prices andsubprime crisis help triggerglobal recession.
• First Ivorian Civil War ends.
• Crisis follows theKenyan presidential election of 2007, leading to the formation of a coalition government.

• May 2:Cyclone Nargis kills 133,000 inMyanmar.
• May 12:Magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs in Wenchuan, China, causing almost 90,000 people to die or go missing.^[1]
• May 28: The1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly declaresNepal a republic, ending itsmonarchy.
• October 7:Spotify is launched.^[2]
• November 4:Barack Obama iselected the first African-American President of the United States.
• November 26–29:2008 Mumbai attacks.
• Google Chrome is released.
• TheGaza War begins.
• 2008 South Ossetia war.
• Kosovodeclares independence, though it is not recognised by the United Nations.
• Iraqi forcescrack down onMuqtada al Sadr's Mahdi forces inBasra andSadr City.
• TheLarge Hadron Collider is completed as the world's largest and most powerfulparticle collider.
• Tesla Roadster launched, the first mass production lithium-ion battery electric car.
• Stock markets plunge during the2008 financial crisis and theGreat Recession.

• January 3: The cryptocurrencyBitcoin is launched.
• January 15:US Airways Flight 1549 ditches in theHudson River in an accident that becomes known as the "Miracle on the Hudson", as all 155 people on board are rescued.
• January 20:First inauguration of Barack Obama.
• June 16: Formation ofBRICS economic bloc.
• June 25:Death of Michael Jackson.
• November 23:58 people are abducted and killed in the Philippine province ofMaguindanao del Sur.
• December 18:Avatar is released in cinemas and becomes thehighest-grossing film of all time.
• TheGaza War ends.
• TheSri Lankan Civil War ends.
• Election protests begin in Iran.
• TheSecond Chechen War ends.
• TheBoko Haram insurgency begins inNigeria.
• 2009 swine flu pandemic begins inNorth America.

• January 12: A7.0 magnitude earthquake inHaiti kills 230,000.
• February 18:2010 Nigerien coup d'état.
• March 29:2010 Moscow Metro bombings.
• April 10: The President of Poland,Lech Kaczyński, is among 96 killed when their airplanecrashes inSmolensk, Russia.
• April 20: Thelargest oil spill in US history occurs in theGulf of Mexico.
• May 10:Benigno Aquino III is elected as the15thPresident of the Philippines.
• May 31:Gaza flotilla raid.
• July 22–August 10:2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis.
• November 23:North Koreashells the island ofYeonpyeong.
• A military crackdown occurs inThailand.
• TheGreek government-debt crisis triggers theeuro area crisis and thePost-2008 Irish economic downturn.
• Burmese political prisonerAung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest.
• Arab Spring starts.
• Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010.
• TheBurj Khalifa inDubai becomes thetallest structure in the world, standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
• Dilma Rousseff is elected as the first femalepresident of Brazil.
• TheiPad is introduced.
• Instagram is launched.
• 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull.
• Julia Gillard is elected first womanPrime Minister of Australia.

• February 22:Christchurch earthquake kills 185 and injures 2,000.
• March 11: A9.1 earthquake inJapan triggers a tsunami and themeltdown of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.
• May 2:Osama bin Laden is shot dead byUnited States Navy SEALs inPakistan.
• July 9: Independence ofSouth Sudan.
• July 22:2011 Norway attacks.
• August 6–11:Riots flare across England.
• October 20:Muammar Gaddafi is captured and killed during theBattle of Sirte.
• World populationreaches 7 billion.
• Arab Spring:revolutions in Tunisia,Egyptand Libya follow, as well asuprisings in Yemenand Bahrain, and protests in several other Arab countries.
• Syrian civil war begins.
• Second Ivorian Civil War.
• Occupy movement inspires worldwide protests.
• News International phone hacking scandal.
• Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il.
• TheDanyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge, the world's longest, opens in China.
• Second Ivorian Civil War ends with the arrest of former presidentLaurent Gbagbo.
• Iraq War ends.
• Bombings occurin Russiaand Somalia.
• Floods in Pakistan,Thailandand the Philippines kill roughly 2,500 people.
• Space Shuttle program is officially ended.
• NASA launchesspacecraft to visitJupiter andMars.

• May 7:Vladimir Putin is elected president of Russia for the third time.
• July 20:2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting.
• September 11–12:2012 Benghazi attack leads to the death of US ambassadorJ. Christopher Stevens.
• October 14: SkydiverFelix Baumgartner becomes the first person tobreak the sound barrier without a vehicle.
• October 22–November 22:Hurricane Sandy causes $70 billion in damage and kills 233 people.
• November 6: Barack Obama wins second term as President of the United States,defeating former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.
• November 15:Xi Jinping is elected asGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.
• November 26–December 8:UN Climate Change Conference agrees to extend theKyoto Protocol until 2020.
• December 4–9:Typhoon Bopha kills over 1,600 in thePhilippines.
• December 14:Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.
• TheHiggs boson is discovered.
• Conflict begins in theCentral African Republic.
• Israel launchesOperation Pillar of Defense against the Hamas-governedGaza Strip.
• The US rover,Curiosity, takes a selfie onMars and finds evidence of anancient streambed of water on the Red Planet.
• Shenouda III,Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, dies;Tawadros II succeeds him.
• Yemeni PresidentAli Abdullah Saleh steps down.
• Northern Mali conflict, theMNLA declaresAzawad an independent state.

• February 15: Anundiscovered meteor strikes the Chelyabinsk oblast in Russia, with an airburst injuring thousands and damaging many buildings.
• February 28–March 13:Pope Benedict XVI resigns, the first Pope to do since 1415, andPope Francis is elected, becoming the first Pope fromLatin America.
• March 5:Death and state funeral of Hugo Chavez.
• April 24: TheRana Plaza collapses inBangladesh.
• May 22:British Army soldierFusilierLee Rigby of theRoyal Regiment of Fusiliers is murdered inWoolwich, southeastLondon by Islamic terrorists Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale.
• July 1:Croatia becomes a member of theEuropean Union.
• July 3: Egyptian presidentMohamed Morsi is ousted in acoup d'état.
• July 22: Birth ofPrince George of Wales.
• August 21:A chemical attack in Ghouta, Syria is blamed on PresidentBashar al-Assad.
• September 17:Rockstar Games releaseGrand Theft Auto V.
• November 8:Typhoon Haiyan kills nearly 6,150 people inVietnam and thePhilippines.
• November 21: TheEuromaidan uprising begins inUkraine.
• December 5:Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela.
• The French military intervenes in theNorthern Mali conflict.
• Terrorist attacks occur inBostonand Nairobi.
• Edward Snowden releases classified documents concerningmass surveillance by the NSA.
• Conflict begins in South Sudan.
• Uruguay becomesthe first country to fully legalize cannabis.
• End of2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis.
• Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher.

• February:Euromaidan protest in Ukraine sparks arevolution and the overthrow ofViktor Yanukovych, leading to Russia'sannexation of Crimea and thewar in Donbas.
• March 8:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappears from radar while en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur. There were 239 people on board.
• April 16: TheMV Sewol sinks, killing 304 of 476 passengers, 250 of which were students atDanwon High School.
• May 22: Acoup d'état inThailand overthrows the caretaker government.
• June 19: KingJuan Carlos I of Spain abdicates; his son becomesKing Felipe VI.
• August 9: Theshooting of African-American teenager Michael Brown by police leads toviolent unrest inFerguson, Missouri.
• September 18:Scotland votes to remainpart of theUnited Kingdom during the2014 Scottish independence referendum.
• November 12: TheRosetta spacecraft'sPhilae probe becomes the first to successfully land ona comet.
• December 16:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistankill over 130 students inPakistan.
• The worst Ebola epidemic in recorded history occurs in West Africa, infecting nearly 30,000 people and resulting in the deaths of 11,000+.
• TheYemeni Civil War begins after theHouthi takeover in Yemen.
• Persecution of Uyghurs in China inXinjiang increases.
• Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 crashes into theJava Sea, whileMalaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Ukraine andAir Algérie Flight 5017 is downed inMali.
• 2014 Gaza War:Israel launchesan assault on theGaza Strip in response totit-for-tatmurder-kidnappings, leading to the deaths of 71 Israelis and 2,100 Palestinians.
• ISIL beginsits offensive in northern Iraq, leading tointervention in Iraqand Syria by a US-led coalition.
• Second Libyan Civil War begins.
• Narendra Modi iselected as the Prime Minister ofIndia.
• Joko Widodo iselectedPresident of Indonesia.

• January 1: Fiveformer Soviet Union countries form theEurasian Economic Union.
• January 3–7:Boko Haram perpetratesa massacre of over 2,000 people inBaga, Nigeria, and allies itself withISIL.
• April 2:Al-Shabaab perpetrates amass shooting inKenya, killing 148.
• July 14:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement reached, setting limits to Iran'snuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief.
• July 30:Smart contract based CryptocurrenciesEthereum launched.
• September 30: Russia beginsair strikes againstISIL andanti-government forces in Syria
• November 30–December 12:195 nations agree to lowercarbon emissions by negotiating theParis agreement.
• Aseries ofterrorist attacks occur in Paris.
• A series of earthquakes in the Himalayas kills over 10,000 people.
• The heads of China andTaiwanmeet for the first time, while theUnited States and Cubareestablish full diplomatic relations.
• Liquid water is found onMars.
• Firstclose-up images ofCeres andPluto.
• China announces the end ofOne-child policy after 35 years.
• European migrant crisis.
• The Supreme Court of the United Statesdetermines thatsame-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
• Homo naledi, a species of early human, is discovered in Africa.
• Volkswagen emissions scandal.
• Charleston church shooting.
• Assassination of Boris Nemtsov.
• 2015 FIFA corruption case.

• February 11: Detection ofgravitational waves byLIGO confirmed.
• March 9–15: Artificial intelligence programAlphaGodefeats topGo playerLee Sedol in a series of 5 games, winning 4 out of 5 games.
• March 20: Barack Obama becomes the first U.S. president to visitCuba sinceCalvin Coolidge in 1928.
• April 3:Panama Papers, aleak of legal documents, reveals information of 214,888offshore companies.
• May 9:Rodrigo Duterte becomesPresident of the Philippines, and initiatesa controversial drug war.
• June 1: TheGotthard Base Tunnel, the world's longest and deepestrailway tunnel, is completed.
• June 12: A shooterkills 49 people at a gay nightclub inOrlando, Florida.
• June 23–July 13: The people of theUnited Kingdom vote toleave the European Union;David Cameronresigns as a result, andTheresa May succeeds him as the second femalePrime Minister of the UK.
• July 4:Juno enters orbit aroundJupiter
• September 4:Mother Teresa is officiallycanonized byPope Francis.
• November 4: TheParis Agreement, signed by 195 nations to fightglobal warming, formally goes into effect.
• November 8:Donald Trump wins the2016 presidential election, in an upset againstHillary Clinton, the first woman to be nominated by a major party.
• TheUnited Nations lifts sanctions fromIran in recognition of the dismantling of itsnuclear program.
• Pope Francis andPatriarch Kirill sign theEcumenical Declaration.
• ISIL claims responsibility fora series of bombings in Brussels,a massacre atIstanbul'sAtatürk Airport and car ramming attacks inNice.
• Augmented-reality game,Pokémon Go, is released, breaking records in revenue, and becoming the best-selling mobile game.
• TheColombian government signs apeace deal withFARC to end theColombian conflict, despite narrowly losinga referendum.
• The government ofTurkey begins aseries of purges in reaction to afailed coup d'état attempt.
• US troops withdraw from Afghanistan after 15 years.
• ThePresident of Brazil,Dilma Rousseff, is impeached.
• KingBhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand dies after 70 years on the throne and is succeeded by his sonVajiralongkorn.
• Andrei Karlov, the Russian Ambassador to Turkey,is assassinated at an art exhibition inAnkara.
• Tsai Ing-wen iselected as the first femalePresident of Taiwan.
• 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran.
• Radovan Karadžić is found guilty of 10 of 11 counts of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity during theBosnian War and is sentenced to 40 years in prison.
• Dhaka attack kills 29 people.
• A third set of locks in the Panama Canal opens for commercial traffic.
• 2016 Southern Taiwan earthquake.
• An outbreak of the Zika virus is linked to a cluster of cases ofmicrocephaly.
• Death and state funeral of Fidel Castro.

• January 20:Donald Trump is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• January 21: Millions of people participate in theWomen's March in response to the inauguration of Donald Trump.
• February 13:Kim Jong-nam, the half-brother ofKim Jong-Un,is assassinated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• May 13:Pope Francis canonizesJacinta and Francisco Marto, two of the threeFátima children who reported seeing the Virgin Mary in the spring and summer of 1917.
• May 22: Aterrorist bombing attack at anAriana Grande concert inManchester, England kills 22 people and injures over 140.
• August 11–12:Charlottesville, Virginia becomesthe site of a far-right rally protesting the removal ofConfederate statues throughout the US. During the event, awhite supremacist rams his car into a crowd of counter-protesters, injuring 19 andkilling one.
• September: Two earthquakes strike Mexico onSeptember 8 andSeptember 19, killing over 400 people.
• October 1:60 people are killed in a mass shooting at a music festival inLas Vegas.
• October 14: Abombing in Mogadishu, Somalia kills 587 people and injures 316. It is one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in modern history.
• October 28:'Oumuamua, the first knowninterstellar object, is identified.
• November 5:26 people are killed in a church shooting inSutherland Springs, Texas.
• North Koreatests a hydrogen bomb and conductsa series of ballistic missile tests. The United States responds with a wave of export sanctions.
• ISIL launchessimultaneous attacks inTehran, destroy theGreat Mosque of al-Nuri inMosul,Iraq, andkill 311 in Egypt, but is declared defeated in Iraq by the end of the year.
• Amilitary operation targetingRohingya Muslims inMyanmar is declaredethnic cleansing by theUNHCR.
• This year's Atlantic Hurricane season featuresHurricane Harvey, which kills 107 and becomes the costliest hurricane in US history, as well asHurricane Irma, killing 134, andHurricane Maria, killing 3,059.
• Robert Mugabe is ousted in acoup d'état.
• Serb military commanderRatko Mladić is declared guilty of genocide in theBosnian Genocide.
• Allegations of sexual abuse againstfilm producerHarvey Weinstein lead to awave of similar accusations from withinHollywood and other areas of primarily the English-speaking world.
• Grenfell Tower fire in London kills 72 and injures 70.
• ThePresident of South Korea,Park Geun-hye, is impeached, whileMoon Jae-in is electedpresident.
• Emmanuel Macron becomes President of France after defeatingfar-right candidateMarine Le Pen.

• March 24:March for Our Lives occurs in 900 locations worldwide in response to the 14 FebruaryParkland shooting.
• June 12: The first summit betweenthe US and North Korea and the first ever crossing of theKorean Demilitarized Zone by a North Korean leader occur.
• June 23–July 10: Twelve boys and their football coach are successfullyrescued from the floodedTham Luang Nang Non cave inThailand.
• June 24: Saudi Arabiaallows women to drive.
• October 2: ExiledWashington Post journalistJamal Khashoggi isassassinated inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, triggering adiplomatic crisis for Saudi Arabia.
• Turkeyinvades northern Syria, while 70 die ina chemical attack, triggering amissile strike against PresidentBashar al-Assad’s regime.
• Pakatan Harapan becomes the first opposition party to assume power inMalaysia since independence.
• Twenty-yearEritrean–Ethiopian border conflict formally ends.
• Yellow vests movement becomesFrance's largest sustained period of civil unrest since 1968.
• TheSunda strait tsunami kills 426 and injures 14,000 and the2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami kills 4,340 and injures 10,700.
• Macedonia andGreece reach a historic agreement in theMacedonia naming dispute, in which the former is renamed in 2019 to the 'Republic of North Macedonia'.
• China'sNational People's Congress votes to abolish presidentialterm limits, allowingXi Jinping torule for life. Xi is also theGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, thehighest position without term limits.
• China–United States trade war begins.
• 2018 Armenian revolution occurs.
• First post-ISIL election in Iraq.
• The Trump administration reimposessanctions against Iran.
• The first monkeys arecloned, and first genetically modified humans reported, in China.
• Four people are poisoned with a nerve agent, one fatally, inSalisbury andAmesbury, England in a suspected Russian assassination attempt.
• Thenorthern white rhinoceros becomesfunctionally extinct.

• January 3:Chang'e 4 becomes the first object to land on thefar side of the Moon.
• April 10: TheEvent Horizon Telescope takes the first ever image of ablack hole, at the core of galaxyMessier 87.
• April 15: A majorfire engulfsNotre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, resulting in the roof and main spire collapsing.
• April 30:EmperorAkihito ofJapanabdicates from histhrone, the first abdication by a Japanese monarch in almost two centuries. The abdication ends theHeiseiera of Japan and ushers in theReiwa era with the new emperor, his sonNaruhito, ascending the throne on May 1.
• August 5: Indiarevokes the special status of Jammu and Kashmir.
• October 18:NASA astronautsJessica Meir andChristina Koch conduct the first all-female spacewalk outside of theISS.
• December 18: US President Donald Trump isimpeached by theHouse of Representatives for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
• December 20: TheUnited States Space Force is announced byVice PresidentMike Pence.
• New Horizons takes the first close up image of aclassical kuiper belt object.
• Christchurch mosque shootings kill 51 people, while asuicide bombing in Iran kills 41, and aseries of bomb attacks inSri Lanka kills 250.
• ISIL loses the last of its territory.
• Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns asPresident of Algeria, whileOmar al-Bashiris deposed asPresident of Sudan ina coup d'état amid widespread protests in both countries.
• Victor Vescovo breaks the human depth record, reaching 10,928 m in theChallenger Deep.
• Protests begin inHong Kong over an extradition bill.
• Wildfires spike inBrazil, whileAustralia endures themost widespread bush fires in its history.
• Isabelle Holdaway is the first patient to receive a genetically modifiedphage therapy to treat adrug-resistant infection.
• Pope Francis abolishespontifical secrecy insex abuse cases.
• The2019–2020 dengue fever epidemic begins inSoutheast Asia.
• Protests erupt in Bolivia andVenezuela over disputed elections.
• Nursultan Nazarbayev resigns asPresident of Kazakhstan.Kassym-Jomart Tokayev assumes power.Astana is renamedNur-Sultan in his honor.
• The EUDirective on Copyright in the Digital Single Market is passed over intense opposition.
• Bashar al Assad launchesmultiple offensives in Northwestern Syria;Turkey launchesan offensive into northeastern Syria.
• The United States blamesattacks on ships in the Gulf of Oman on Iran, escalating tensions in the Persian Gulf.
• Barisha raid ends in thedeath of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
• A trilateral gathering is held at the Panmunjom Truce Village between South Korean President Moon Jae-in, North Korean Leader Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump.
• Japan and South Korea trade dispute.
• Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu is indicted on charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust.

• January 2: TheRoyal Australian Air Force andNavy are deployed toNew South Wales andVictoria to assist mass evacuation efforts amidst the2019–20 Australian bushfire season.^[3][4]
• January 3:Qasem Soleimani istargeted and killed atBaghdad International Airport.
• January 8:Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 is shot down by Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) shortly after taking off from Tehran, killing all 176 on board.
• January 16–February 5: Donald Trump is acquitted by theUnited States Senate in his first impeachment trial.
• January 31: The United Kingdomformally withdraws from theEuropean Union.
• February 9:Bong Joon-ho'sParasite becomes the firstSouth Korean film to receive Academy Award recognitions at the92nd Academy Awards.
• March: The US goes into lockdown due to the global pandemic of COVID-19
• May:
  • Cyclone Amphan becomes the costliest cyclone ever recorded in theNorthern Indian Ocean.
  • Protests in Belarus against theAlexander Lukashenko regime begin.
• May 25: Themurder of George Floyd sparksprotests across the United States and the world.
• May 30:Crewed spaceflightresumes in the United States for the first time since 2011.
• June 16:North Korea demolishes theInter-Korean Liaison Office inKaesong, established in 2018 to improve relations.
• June 30: China'sNational People's Congress grants itselfsweeping powers tocurtail civil liberties inHong Kong.
• July 9:Protests begin in Bulgaria against the government of prime ministerBoyko Borisov.
• July 10: Turkish PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdoğan orders theHagia Sophia inIstanbul to bereverted to a mosque following the annulment of a 1934 presidential decree that made it into a museum.
• July 30:NASA successfully launches itsMars 2020 rover mission to search for signs ofancient life and collect samples for return to Earth.
• August 4:An explosion caused by unsafely storedammonium nitrate kills at least 218 people, injures thousands, and severely damagesthe port ofBeirut,Lebanon.
• August 19: TheSpecial Tribunal for Lebanon convictsin absentiaSalim Ayyash, a senior member ofHezbollah, for the 2005 assassination of former prime Minister Rafic Hariri.
• August 25:Africa is declared free of wildpolio, the second virus to be eradicated from the continent sincesmallpox 40 years previously.
• August 26:Amazon CEOJeff Bezos becomes the first person in history to have a net worth exceeding US$200 billion, according toForbes.
• September 14:
  • TheRoyal Astronomical Society announces the detection ofphosphine inVenus' atmosphere, which is known to be a strong predictor for the presence of microbial life.
  • The first discovery of the perfectly preserved remains of acave bear, believed to be 22,000 to 39,500 years old (Late Pleistocene), is made inLyakhovsky Islands,Siberia in the thawingpermafrost.
• September 16: AUnited Nations Human Rights Council fact-finding mission formally accuses theVenezuelan government ofcrimes against humanity, including cases of killings, torture, violence against political opposition and disappearances since 2014.
• September 27–November 10:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war betweenArmenia andAzerbaijan.
• October 15: President of KyrgyzstanSooronbay Jeenbekov resigns from office after weeks ofmassive protests in the wake of theOctober 2020 parliamentary election.
• October 20: NASA'sOSIRIS-REx spacecraft briefly touches down on101955 Bennu, becoming the agency's first probe to retrieve samples from an asteroid, with its cargoreturning to Earth in 2023.
• October 22: TheGeneva Consensus Declaration on Promoting Women's Health and Strengthening the Family is signed by government representatives from 34 countries.
• October 23: At the end of an 11-yeardemining process, theFalkland Islands are declaredfree of land mines, 38 years after the end of theFalklands War.
• November 3: The2020 United States presidential election occurs. Despite the pandemic, early voting and other factors result in the highest voter turnout since 1900, and a record of over 155 million votes cast. Although Joe Biden is declared the winner onNovember 7, Donald Trump leads anunprecedented effort to prevent official recognition of his defeat, culminating onJanuary 6 the next year.
• November 3: TheTigray War begins inEthiopia.
• November 15: TheRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is signed by 15Asia-Pacific countries to form the world's largest free-trade bloc, covering a third of the world's population.
• November 19: TheBrereton Report intoAustralian war crimes during theWar in Afghanistan is released.
• November 27: Iran's top nuclear scientist,Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, is assassinated nearTehran.
• November 30:Protein folding, one of the biggest mysteries in biology, is solved byAlphaFold, anartificial intelligence algorithm developed byDeepMind.
• December 1: TheArecibo Telescope of theArecibo Observatory collapses, just weeks after the announcement of its planned demolition.
• December 2: The United NationsCommission on Narcotic Drugs votes to removecannabis from a list of dangerous drugs in recognition of its medical value, although some controls will remain.
• December 8: Nepal and China officially agree onMount Everest's actual height, which is 8,848.86m.
• December 18: Media outlets report that astronomers have detected a radio signal,BLC1, apparently from the direction ofProxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun.
• December 21: Agreat conjunction ofJupiter andSaturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since1623.
• TheCOVID-19 pandemic, which began spreading late in the prior year, spreads from China to the vast majority of the world's inhabited areas, infecting at least 81 million and killing at least 1.8 million people in its first year.
• Fears ofCOVID-19 cause theDow Jones Industrial Average to fall ten percent in one week, its largest drop in history, triggering theCOVID-19 Recession, the worst economic crisis since theGreat Depression.
• The United States signs a tentativepeace agreement with theTaliban.
• Silurian millipedeKampecaris obanensis, the oldest known land animal, is discovered inScotland.
• China and India engage inborder skirmishes, the largest escalation between the two powers in 50 years.
• China launchesChang'e 5 and becomes the third country after the US and theSoviet Union to return samples of the moon.

• January 1: TheAfrican Continental Free Trade Area comes into effect.
• January 6: Supporters of President Donald Trump, gathered after a rally led by him,attack the United States Capitol, leading to five deaths.
• January 10:Kim Jong-un is elected as theGeneral Secretary of the rulingWorkers' Party of Korea, inheriting the title from his fatherKim Jong-il, whodied in 2011.
• January 13: InLyon, France, the firsttransplant of both arms and shoulders is performed on an Icelandic patient at the Édouard Herriot Hospital.
• January 13–February 13: Donald Trump isimpeached for a second time following the events of January 6, but is acquitted again after histrial from February 9–13.
• January 20:Joe Biden is inaugurated as President of the United States.Kamala Harris, sworn in as vice president, becomes the first woman, first African American and first Asian American to be vice president.
• January 22: TheTreaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, the first legally binding international agreement comprehensively to prohibit nuclear weapons, comes into effect.
• February 13–17:Winter Storm Uri becomes the costliest winter storm in North American history, costing $200 billion and 237 lives, and triggering the2021 Texas power crisis.
• February 18:NASA'sMars 2020 mission (containing thePerseverance rover andIngenuity helicopter drone) lands onMars atJezero Crater, after seven months of travel.
• February 22:Luca Attanasio, theItalian ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ismurdered nearGoma.
• March 6:Pope Francismeets withGrand AyatollahAli al-Sistani inNajaf,Iraq. It is the first-ever meeting between apope and a grand ayatollah.
• March 18: TheSpanish Congress of Deputies passes the euthanasia law.^[5]
• March 20: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces his country's withdrawal from theIstanbul Convention, the first country to do so.
• March 23–29: The container shipEver Givenobstructs the Suez Canal for six days, costing an estimated $3.6 billion in global trade.
• April 9:Buckingham Palace announces thedeath ofPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and husband of theQueen, at the age of 99.
• April 11:Hideki Matsuyama wins the2021 Masters Tournament, becoming the first man from Japan to win a major golf championship.
• April 13:Japan's government approves thedumping of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean over the course of 30 years, with full support of theInternational Atomic Energy Agency.
• April 15: Scientists announce they successfully injectedhuman stem cells into the embryos of monkeys, creatingchimera-embryos.
• April 19:
  • Ingenuity becomes the first vehicle to fly in the atmosphere of another planet.
  • Miguel Díaz-Canel becomesFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, replacing the Castro brothers,Fidel andRaúl, after 62 years.
• April 20:Idriss Déby, President ofChad, is killed inclashes with rebel forces after 30 years in office.
• April 24: Following an international search and rescue effort, theIndonesian navy reports the sinking ofKRINanggala with 53 crew members, the largest loss of life aboard a submarine since2003.
• April 28–May 1: Aborder clash betweenKyrgyzstan andTajikistan leads to 55 deaths.
• May 6–21: Hundredsdie in conflicts after Israelevicts six Palestinian families fromEast Jerusalem.
• May 23:Ryanair Flight 4978 is forced to land byBelarusian authorities to detain dissident journalistRoman Protasevich.
• June 7: TheJuno spacecraft performs its only flyby ofJupiter's moonGanymede, the first flyby of the moon by any spacecraft in over 20 years.
• June 13: Benjamin Netanyahu,the longest-serving prime minister of Israel, is voted out of office;Naftali Bennett andYair Lapid are sworn in asPrime Minister of Israel and asAlternate Prime Minister of Israel, respectively.
• June 19: Joe Biden signsJuneteenth National Independence Day Act into law, makingJuneteenth a federal holiday. It is the first new federal holiday sinceMartin Luther King Jr. Day.^[6][7]
• June 24: The Champlain Towers Southcondominium inSurfside, Florida,collapses, killing 98 people.
• July 7: Haitian PresidentJovenel Moïse, isassassinated in a midnight attack by unknown mercenaries.
• July 18:An international investigation reveals thatspyware sold by Israel'sNSO Group to different governments is being used to target heads of state, along with thousands of activists, journalists and dissidents around the world.
• July 19:Blue Origin successfully conductsits first human test flight, with a reusableNew Shepard rocket delivering four crew members into space including its founder Jeff Bezos.
• July 28: The first direct observation oflight from behind ablack hole is reported, confirming Einstein's theory ofgeneral relativity.
• August 9: TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change releases the first part of itsSixth Assessment Report, which concludes that the effects of human-causedclimate change are now "widespread, rapid, and intensifying".
• August 14:An earthquake in Haiti kills over 2,000 people.
• August 15:Kabul falls following the2021 Taliban offensive, as theIslamic Republic of Afghanistan collapses, and the country is governed thereafter by theTaliban as the reinstatedIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan. TheWar in Afghanistan thus ends after 20 years following thewithdrawal of U.S. and coalition troops.
• August 30: TheUN Environment Programme announces thatleaded petrol in road vehicles has been phased out globally, a hundred years after its introduction.
• September 7:El Salvador becomes the first country in the world to acceptBitcoin as an officialcurrency.
• September 14: North Korea demonstrates two short-range ballistic missiles that land just outside Japan's territorial waters; hours later South Korea demonstrates its first submarine-launched ballistic missile.
• September 15:A trilateral security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States is formed to counter Chinese influence. This includes enabling Australia to build its firstnuclear-powered submarine fleet.
• September 16:Inspiration4, launched bySpaceX, becomes the first all-civilian spaceflight, carrying a four-person crew on a three-day orbit of the Earth.
• October 3: TheInternational Consortium of Investigative Journalists and assorted media partners publish a set of 11.9 million documents leaked from 14 financial services companies known as thePandora Papers, revealing offshore financial activities that involve multiple current and former world leaders.
• October 6: TheWorld Health Organization endorses the firstmalaria vaccine.
• November 16: Russia draws international condemnation following ananti-satellite weapon test that creates a cloud ofspace debris, threatening theInternational Space Station.
• November 30:Barbados becomes arepublic on its 55th anniversary of independence while remaining a member of theCommonwealth of Nations.
• The COVID-19 pandemic continues, infecting more than 220 million and killing at least 3.6 million people in its second year. The true totals of infected and dead are estimated to be much higher.
• Coups d'état occurin Myanmar,Mali andGuinea.
• Russia begins amilitary buildup on the Ukrainian border, warningNATO not to intervene.
• 197 nations sign theGlasgow Climate Pact, agreeing to limit the use of coal, and theNetherlands legally mandatesRoyal Dutch Shell to comply with theParis Agreement.

• January–September:Coups d'état in Burkina Faso.
• January 2:2022 Kazakh unrest.
• January 4: China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US—allfive permanent members of theUnited Nations Security Council—issue a rare joint statement affirming that "anuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought."^[8]
• January 15: TheHunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami is the largest and most powerful volcanic eruption in decades, and the largest explosion ever recorded by modern instruments.
• February 4–20: The2022 Winter Olympics are held inBeijing, China, making it the first city ever to host both theSummer Olympics andWinter Olympics.^[9]
• February 24:Russia invades Ukraine, escalating theRusso-Ukrainian War, causing arefugee crisis and tens of thousands of deaths on both sides.
• March 20:WHL0137-LS "Earendel" imaged byHubble Space Telescope, the earliest and most distant known star.
• March 15–November 14:Sri Lankan protests.
• April–November:Pakistani constitutional crisis andattempted assassination of Imran Khan.
• April 14:Elon MuskpurchasesTwitter.
• April 19:Kane Tanaka, the second oldest verified person to have ever lived, dies at the age of 119.
• May 6:Monkeypox outbreak.
• May 9:Bongbong Marcos is elected as the17thPresident of the Philippines.
• May 12:Sagittarius A*, supermassive black hole at Galactic Center, imaged byEvent Horizon Telescope.
• June 12–September 12:Heat waves in Europe kill tens of thousands.
• June 22:Earthquake in Afghanistan.
• June 30:Ketanji Brown Jackson becomes the first black woman on theSupreme Court.
• July–October:United Kingdom government crises
• July:Oder environmental disaster.
• July 8:Assassination of Shinzo Abe.
• July 11:James Webb Space Telescope takesWebb's First Deep Field, oldest and highest resolution image of the universe to date.
• July 22:Chinese paddlefish declared extinct.
• August 4: China conducts its largest evermilitary exercise around Taiwan in response toa controversial visit byNancy Pelosi.
• August 24: "Man of the Hole", reclusive indigenous Brazilian and last of his ethnicity, dies.
• August 28:Floods in Pakistan trigger aneconomic crisis.
• August 31:UN Human Rights Office report on Xinjiang is released.
• August 31:Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at age 91.
• September 8:Elizabeth IIdies at the age of 96, and is succeeded byCharles III.
• September 16:Mahsa Amini protests.
• September 25:Eliud Kipchoge sets marathon world record at the2022 Berlin Marathon.
• September 26:Double Asteroid Redirection Test demonstrates capabilities on asteroid(65803) Didymos I Dimorphos.
• September 27–30:Hurricane Ian impactsCuba and the US, causing catastrophic damage to both nations, killing at least 157 people, 16 missing, and leaving millions without power, including the entirety of Cuba.
• October 1: A fatalhuman crush occurs during an association football match atKanjuruhan Stadium inMalang Regency,East Java,Indonesia, killing 131 people and injuring more than 500.
• October 6: 36 people are killed in ashooting, stabbing, and vehicle-ramming atNong Bua Lamphu,Thailand.
• October 29: At least 158 people are killed and another 197 injured in acrowd crush during Halloween festivities in Seoul, South Korea.
• November 2:Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement.
• November 11: TheFTXcryptocurrency exchange files forChapter 11 bankruptcy.
• November 15: The world population is estimated to havereached 8 billion.
• November 16: NASA launchesArtemis 1, the first uncrewed mission of itsSpace Launch System, the most powerful rocket ever to reach orbit.
• November 26:COVID-19 protests in China.
• November 30:OpenAI launchesChatGPT, an AI chatbot.
• December 7:Self-coup attempt,impeachment and arrest of PresidentPedro Castillo sparksprotests in Peru.
• December 9:Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament.
• December 13:
  • National Ignition Facility achieves firstfusion ignition.
  • President Biden signs theRespect for Marriage Act, which federally protects same-sex and interracial marriages by requiring states to recognize each others' marriage standards.

• January–October:2023 Israeli judicial reform protests.
• January 1:Croatia adopts theEuro and joins theSchengen Area.
• January 8:2023 Brazilian Congress attack.
• January 19:2023 French pension reform strikes.
• February 6:2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes kill nearly 60,000 people.
• February 21:Cyclone Freddy kills 1,400 inMalawi andMozambique.
• March 10:Iran andSaudi Arabia restore diplomatic relations.
• April 4:Finland joinsNATO.
• April 13:R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine approved for use.
• April 15:Third Sudanese civil war begins.
• April 20:SpaceX conducts the first full stack test launch of the world's most powerful rocket,Starship.
• May 5:World Health Organization ends the designation of COVID-19 as apublic health emergency of international concern.
• May 6:Charles III iscrowned king of theUnited Kingdom andCommonwealth realms.
• May 17:2023 Ecuadorian political crisis.
• June 2:2023 Odisha train collision.
• June 12:Kwara boat disaster.
• June 23–24: TheWagner Group rebellion against the Russian government occurs as a result of conflict with the Russian Ministry of Defense over the use of the group in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
• July 14:2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.
• July 26:2023 Nigerien coup d'état.
• August 23:ISRO'sChandrayaan 3 lands on the lunar south pole making India the 4th nation to successfully soft land on the Moon.
• August 30:2023 Gabonese coup d'état.
• September 8:2023 Marrakesh-Safi earthquake kills nearly 6000 people.
• September 10:Storm Daniel becomes the deadliest Mediterranean storm in history, with over 4000 deaths inLibya.
• September 19–20:2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.
• October 3:Kevin McCarthy's expulsion via a motion introduced byMatt Gaetz is the firstousting of aSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives in history.
• October 7:
  • Hamasattacks Israel; start of theGaza war.
  • 2023 Herat earthquakes.
• October 23:2023 Guayana Esequiba crisis.
• October 27:Operation 1027, a coordinated assault by anti-Junta forces in theMyanmar civil war, begins.
• November 24:Somalia admitted toEast African Community.
• December 12:COP28 ends with world leaders pledging transition away from fossil fuels.
• December 18:Catholic Church releasesFiducia supplicans.
• December 31: QueenMargrethe II ofDenmark announces her abdication on January 14 after 52 years on the throne.
• TheInternational Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant forVladimir Putin.
• 2023 Canadian andHawaiian wildfires.
• 2023 North India floods.
• 2023 is the hottest year on record.^[10]

• January: Discovery ofUpano Valley sites published.
• January 16–18:Iran-Pakistan border skirmishes.
• January 19:JAXA's first lunar probe,SLIM, lands on moon.
• January 30: FormerPrime Minister of PakistanImran Khan is controversially sentenced to prison for corruption, leaking state secrets and illegal marriage.
• February 1–5:Chile wildfires.
• February 22:Intuitive Machines lands first private lunar probe,Nova-C, on moon.
• March 7:Sweden joinsNATO.
• March 22:Crocus City Hall attack.
• April 1:Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus.
• April 5:Raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador.
• May 15:Attempted assassination of Robert Fico.
• May 19:Varzaqan helicopter crash.
• May 24:Enga landslide.
• May 29:African National Congress loses parliamentary majority for first time since end of Apartheid inSouth African general election.
• June–December:French political crisis.
• June 18: Same-sex marriage legalised inThailand.
• June 23:Dagestan attacks.
• June 24:Julian Assange released from prison inUK after acceptingUS plea bargain, returns toAustralia.
• June 26:Bolivian coup attempt.
• July 1–August 5:Student-People's uprising.
• July 4:Labour winsUnited Kingdom general election.
• July 13:Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania.
• July 19:ICJ findsIsraeli occupation ofPalestinian territories a violation of international law.
• July 30–August 5:United Kingdom riots.
• July 31:Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.
• August 19–December 31:Mexican judicial reform protests.
• September 3: Arrest of dismissed Philippine mayorAlice Guo inTangerang,Indonesia.
• September 17–18:Lebanon electronic device attacks.
• October 1–December 31:Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
• October 13:Ruth Chepng'etich breaks women'smarathon world record atChicago.
• October 16:Killing of Yahya Sinwar.
• October 27:Shigeru Ishiba becomesPrime Minister of Japan asgeneral election results in historic hung parliament.
• November: Archaeologists announce discovery ofValeriana.
• November 5:Donald Trump winsUS presidential election.
• November 6–December 31:German government crisis.
• November 11:Zhuhai car attack.
• November 20:Justin Welby resigns asArchbishop of Canterbury amidst abuse scandal.
• November 21:International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders.
• December 3–4:South Korean martial law crisis.
• December 6: Results ofRomanian presidential election annulled byConstitutional Court amid allegations of Russian interference.
• December 8:Fall of the Assad regime.
• December 20:Magdeburg car attack.
• December 25: Crash ofAzerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243.
• December 29: Crash ofJeju Air Flight 2216.

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