The following is a chronology of theOrthodox TewahedoEthiopian andEritrean Orthodox churches from their base history to the present.

• Biblical claims – According to the traditional claims,John Chrysostom speaks of the "Ethiopians present inJerusalem" as being able to understand the preaching ofPeter inActs, 2:38.^[1][2]
• Early 4th century – SomeApostles reportedly took missions to Ethiopia.Socrates of Constantinople stated Ethiopia was one of region preached byMatthew the Apostle where a specific mention of "Ethiopia south of theCaspian Sea".^[3]
• 1st century – according to the New Testament book Acts, 8:26–27,^[4] Christianity was entered to Ethiopia by means ofPhilip the Evangelist via baptism of theEthiopian eunuch.^[5]
• 330 AD –Christianity, it is widely considered, is introduced to Ethiopia by a Syrian Greek namedFrumentius, after his voyage with his brother Aedesius to theKingdom of Aksum. There, the two brothers were captured by the native Aksumite and brought to court forwarded to KingEzana, who was converted to Christianity by influence of Frumentius.^[6][7]
• 356 AD – EmperorConstantius writes a letter to King Ezana asking him to replace Frumentius with an Arian bishop, which Ezana rejects.^[8]
• 480 – Arrival of "Nine Saints" monastic anti-Chalcedonian refugees who allegedly introduced Pachomian monastic life to Ethiopia.

• 960 AD –Queen Gudit persecutes Axumite Christians during the sacking of the city.^[9]
• 12th century – Communion withCoptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.^[10]
• Late 14th century –Samuel of Waldebba founds the Waldebba monastery, which would go on to be one of the most important monasteries in Ethiopia.
• 1439 – During the reign ofEmperorZara Yaqob, a religious discussion took place betweenGiyorgis and a French visitor led to the dispatch of an embassy from Ethiopia to theVatican.^[10]
• 1507 –Mateus, an Armenian, had been sent as an Ethiopian envoy to Portugal.^[11]
• 1520 – an embassy under Dom Rodrigo de Lima landed in Ethiopia.^[11]

• 1534 –Michael the Deacon met with Martin Luther and affirmed theAugsburg Confession as a "good creed".^[12] In addition, Martin Luther stated that theLutheran Mass agreed with that used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. As a result, the Lutheran churches extended fellowship with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.^[12]
• 1620 – Council of Fogära called to debate between the Jesuit and Ethiopian Orthodox views.^[13]Tewahedo (union),Qəbat (unction), andYetsegga Leg (Son of Grace) christological movements arise in response to questions raised by Jesuits at this council about the anointing of Christ.^[14]
• 1622 – Conversion of EmperorSusenyos I toRoman Catholicism under the pressure of Jesuits.^[15]
• 1624 – Susenyos proclaimed the primacy of Rome and condemned local practices which includedSaturday Sabbath and frequent fasts.^[16]
• 1632 – EmperorFasilides restored the state administration toOrthodox Tewahedo after ten years conflict.^[17]
• 1633 – Fasilides expelled the Jesuits and in 1665, he ordered that all Jesuit books (the Book of the Franks) be burned.^[18]
• 23 June 1655 – Emperor Fasilides and Metropolitan Mika'el IV hold a council, anathematizing anyone who does not hold to theQəbat doctrine.^[19]
• 1687 – EmperorIyasu I holds a council condemning theQəbat doctrine.^[19]
• Late 17th century – A series of decisive councils are held from 1689 to 1699 declaringYetsegga Leg as official doctrine.^[13]
• March 1707 – EmperorTakla Haymanot holds a council condemning and imprisoning theQəbat leaders.^[19]
• Early 18th century – The Patriarch of Alexandria suggests a new creed to unite theTewahedo andQəbat factions, but it is seen as favoring theTewahedo, sparking new conflict.^[14]
• Mid 18th century – TheŚost Lədät (Three Births) christological movement arises during the continuing christological crisis.^[14]
• 1 October 1763 – After a massacre of monastics, a council at Kayla Meda in Gondär hasQəbat andTewahedo theologians join to counter theŚost Lədät.^[19][20]
• 1855 –Emperor Tewodros II calls council of Amba Cara, affirmingTewahedo.^[20]
• 1878 – Each region of Ethiopia supports a different christological position, threatening a greater conflict.Emperor Yohannis of Ethiopia convenes a council at Boru Meda to eliminate the christological disputes, affirming theTewahedo position and condemning theQəbat andŚost Lədät.TheTewahedo position has remained de facto the official position of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ever since.^[14]
• 19th century – Publication ofAmharic translation Bible began developing.^[21]

• 1909 – Royal edict rules upon the house ofWaldebba rivalry in favor of theBetä Minas (one divinity) Trinitarian belief as opposed to theBetä Ṭama (three divinities), which theBetä Ṭama see as overruling the previous synod of Boru Meda. The controversy reigns until this day.^[13]
• 30 November 1942 – EmperorHaile Selassie ordered decree that allowed reforms on the Church with centralized financial funds.^[22]
• 13 July 1948 – the Coptic Orthodox Church agreed for autocephaly of theEthiopian Orthodox Church.^[23]
• 14 January 1951 – the autocephaly was ended when Coptic OrthodoxPope Joseph II consecrated an Ethiopian-born Archbishop.^[24]
• 1959 –Abuna Basilios crowned as the firstPatriarch of Ethiopia.^[25][26]
• 1974 – Disestablishment of the Church following the rise of theDerg and its nationalized land policy.^[27][28]
• 1979 – PatriarchTheophilos was executed by the Derg.^[29]
• 1991 – Abdication ofAbune Merkorios under the pressure ofEPRDF.^[30][31]
• 1992 – Installation ofAbune Paulos and creation ofExile Church.^[32]
• 28 September 1993 – Autocephaly of theEritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church formally approved by Coptic PatriarchShenouda III.^[33]

• 16 August 2012 – death of Abune Paulos.^[34]
• 28 February 2013 –Abune Mathias fromAgame province, elected as the 6th Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.^[35]
• 25 July 2018 – with the assistance ofPrime MinisterAbiy Ahmed, delegation took place between the patriarchate in Addis Ababa and those from the United States exiled Churches and declared reunification inWashington, D.C.^[36]
• 7 May 2021 – TheTigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church unilaterally declares their autocephaly.
• 22 January 2023 – Abune Sawiros, Abune Ewostatewos and Abune Zena Markosdesignated 26-made Archbishops to overthrow the Holy Synod led by Patriarch Abune Mathias in Oromia Region diocese. The Holy Synod responded the ordination as "illegal" and excommunicated three archbishops on 26 January. On 31 January, the Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed convened a discussion on the matter, which he told he would ensure resolution for the conflict. His speech widely criticized by Holy Synod for lack of protection and also alleged involvement to the illegally formed Synod.^[37]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Butler, Alfred Joshua (1911). "Abyssinian Church". InChisholm, Hugh (ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96.

• History of Christianity in Ethiopia
• Christianity in Eritrea
• Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
• Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church

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