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Timeline of Nanjing

Coordinates:32°03′00″N118°46′00″E / 32.05°N 118.766667°E /32.05; 118.766667

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The following is a timeline of thehistory of the city ofNanjing,Jiangsu Province,China.

Prehistory

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c. 600,000 BCE -Nanjing Man (Homo erectus) active.
7000 BCE -Beiyinyangying culture (北阴阳营文化,Běiyīnyángyíng wénhuà) active inNeolithic China.^[1]
3000s BCE -Dawenkou,Majiabang, andSongze cultures active.
2000s BCE -Liangzhu andHushu cultures (湖熟文化,Húshú wénhuà) active.

Zhou dynasty

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472 BCE - Castle built nearYuhuatai byYue (state).^[2]

Three Kingdoms

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229 CE - City becomes the capital of theWu Kingdom.^[1]
258 - Imperial University founded.

Jin dynasty

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313 - City renamed "Jiankang."^[2]
317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated toJiankang.^[4]

Northern & Southern Dynasties

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420 - City becomes capital of theLiu Song Dynasty.^[2]
479 - City becomes capital of theSouthern Qi Dynasty.^[2]
502 - City becomes capital of theLiang dynasty.^[2]
548–552 -Hou Jing Disturbance, including the city's besiegement, starvation, and massacre.
557 - City becomes capital of theChen Dynasty.^[2]

Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms

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937 -Nan Tang in power.^[2]

Song dynasty

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1168 -Jiangnan Examination Hall built.^{[citation needed]}

Ming dynasty

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Map of Ming-era Nanjing, then known as Jinling or Yingtian

A fanciful imagining of Nanjingc. 1668 based on the Jesuit accounts

1367 - Construction ofMing Palace begun, completed in 1368.
1368 - City becomes capital ofMing Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
1373 -Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
1381 - Imperial University campus relocated toXuanwu Lake.^[5]
1382 -Drum Tower built.^[2]
1386 -City Wall of Nanjing andJubao Gate constructed.
1408 -Yongle Encyclopedia written.
1421 - Capital ofMing Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.^[2]
1430 -Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.^[6]^[7]
1441 -Major Yangtze flood.

Qing dynasty

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1915 model of thePorcelain Pagoda, destroyed during theTaiping Rebellion

1645 -Qing conquest of Nanjing;Nanzhili reorganized asJiangnan, later divided intoJiangsu andAnhui
1657 - City besieged by forces ofKoxinga.^[8]
1723 -Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.^[8]
1842
- British in power.^[7]
- August 29: City the site of theTreaty of Nanking.^[7]
1853 -Taiping conquest of Nanjing in theFirst Battle of Nanjing.
1856 -Second Battle of Nanjing.
1858 - City designated atreaty port under theTreaties of Tianjin.^[7]
1864 -Third Battle of Nanking.^[7]
1870 -Chaotian Palace andPresidential Palace built.
1890 - Naval college opens.^[7]
1899 - Foreign trade begins.^[8]^{[dubious –discuss]}
1902 -Sanjiang Normal College (later renamedNanjing Normal University) founded.^[2]^[7]
1907 -Jiangnan Library opens.
1909 -Shanghai–Nanjing railway opens.^[7]
1910
- Nanyang industrial exposition.^[8]
- Population: 140,000 (approximate).^[7]
1911
- November 10: City besieged by Manchu forces.^[9]
- December 2:Rebels take city.

Republic of China

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Piles of bodies beside the Yangtze River during theNanjing Massacre

1921 - Population: 380,000.^[10]
1926 -
- March 12:Sun Yat-sen dies.
1927
- March:Nanjing Incident.
- Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
1928
- Central Guoshu Institute established.
- Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1929 -Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum completed.
1930 -Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1931 - City becomes capital of theRepublic of China.
1935 -Nanjing–Tongling railway opens.
1936 -Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.^{[citation needed]}
1937
- Nanking Safety Zone set up.
- December 9:Battle of Nanking begins.
- December 12:USS Panay incident.
- December 13: Japanese forces take city.
1937–1938 -Nanjing Massacre.
1940
- City becomes capital of theReorganized National Government of China.
- Cai Pei becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1941 -Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
1949 - April 23:People's Liberation Army takes city.

People's Republic of China

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1:250,000AMS map of the walled city of Nanjing ("Nanking" or "Nan-ching") and surrounding areas in the 1940s and 1950s

1952 -Nanjing College of Aviation Industry^[2] andWutaishan Sports Center founded.
1953 -Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.^[2]
1957 - Population: 1,419,000.^[11]
1958 -Taiping Kingdom History Museum opens.
1968
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.^[12]
- Nanjing Railway Station opens.
1988
- December:Nanjing anti-African protests.
- Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.^[13]
1994 -Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
1995 - City administration re-organized.^[2]
1996 -Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
1997 -Lukou Airport opens.
2000 -Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.^[13]
2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
2002
- Jiangpu andLiuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.^[13]
- Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
2005
- Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge andNanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
- Nanjing Metro andNanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.^[2]
- 10th National Games of China held.
2008
- Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
- World Urban Forum held.
2009 -Zifeng Tower built.
2010
- July 28:Chemical plant explosion.
- Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
2013 -Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72PM2.5 and 137PM10, muchhigher than recommended.^[14]

References

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Citations

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^^a ^bSchellinger 1996.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿKenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011).Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
^Herrmann, Alfred (1935),Historical and Commercial Atlas of China,Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 57.
^Chye Kiang Heng (1999),Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press,ISBN 9971692236
^Chia 2005.
^C.C. Clarke (1820),The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱBritannica 1910.
^^a ^b ^c ^dMadrolle 1912.
^"Manchus' Day of Massacre"(PDF).New York Times. 11 November 1911.
^Chu 1922.
^United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976)."Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.Nanking{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006),Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing,ISBN 9781845428808
^^a ^b ^cIvan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.),The New Rich in China, Routledge,ISBN 9780415455640
^World Health Organization (2016),Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived fromthe original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

This article incorporates information from theChinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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Published in the 14th–19th centuries

Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624).Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing].[1][2]
Johannes Nieuhof (1668),"(Nanking)",Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latin), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs,OCLC 2134985
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823),"Nanking",A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1885)."Nanking" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (9th ed.). pp. 171–172.

Published in the 20th century

Louis Gaillard (1901),Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique,OL 14264158M
Louis Gaillard (1903),Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique,OCLC 6976461,OL 6962395M
"Nanking" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 162.
Claudius Madrolle (1912),"Nanking",Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company,OCLC 8741409
Coching Chu (1922),The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking,OL 7245788M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996),"Nanjing",International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge,ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing".Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHistory of Nanjing.

Items related to Nanjing, various dates (viaDigital Public Library of America).
Items related to Nanking, various dates (viaEuropeana).

City ofNanjing

Districts

Attractions

Parks and lakes	China Gate Castle Park Couple Park Defence Park Gulin Park Jiangxin Island Mochou Lake Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo Purple Mountain Purple Mountain Observatory Qingliangshan Park Taoye Ferry White Horse Park Wuchaomen Park Xu Garden Xuanwu Lake Yuhuatai Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs Zhan Yuan Garden Nanjing Botanical Garden
Temples	Nanjing Fuzimiao (Temple of Confucius) Jiming Temple Jinghai Temple Linggu Temple Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Qixia Temple Great Bao'en Temple (Porcelain tower)
Historic sites	Chaotian Palace City Wall of Nanjing Memorial of Tao Xingzhi Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery Presidential Palace, Nanjing Stone City The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing
Other sites	Jinling Hotel Nanjing City Wall Nanjing International Exhibition Center Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge Xianlin Yangtze River power line crossings Zhonghua Gate

Culture and history

Education

Transport

Sport

Business

Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone

v t e Years inChina (1880–present)
Qing dynasty (1644–1912)	Pre-1880 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912
Beiyang government (1912–1928)	1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928
Nationalist government (1928–1949)	1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
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