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Timeline of Kurdish uprisings

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This is an incomplete list ofKurdish uprisings. You can help by expanding it.

List of conflicts

DateUprisingLocationResult
838–841[1]Kurdish Dasni tribe uprising against the AbbasidsAbbasid CaliphateSuppressed
955–1071[2][3][4]War against the Musafirid.Rawadid dynastyVictory
990–1085Kurdish uprisingThe MarwanidsVictory, led to the birth of the Marwanids dynasty
1506–1510Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids[5]Safavid PersiaSuppressed when the Yazidi leader,Shír Ṣárim, was defeated in battle.
1609–1610Battle of Dimdim[6]Safavid PersiaSuppressed
1770-1771Bedagh Beg Rebellion[7][a]BahdinanSuppressed
1775Bajalan uprising[8]Zand dynastySuppressed
1806–1808Baban uprising[9]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1812Babanzâde Ahmed Pasha Rebellion [tr]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1830-1833Yezidi Rebellion [tr]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1830–1838Mir Muhammed RebellionOttoman EmpireSuppressed
1838Han Mahmud Rebellion[10]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1838Sait Beg Rebellion[11][12]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1839Garzan Uprising[13]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1845-18471847 Bedirkhan revoltOttoman EmpireSuppressed
1854–1855Yezdanşêr's uprisingOttoman EmpireSuppressed
1877Dersim Rebellion (1877)Ottoman Empire
1877–1878Second Bedirkhanis RevoltOttoman EmpireSuppressed
1880–1881Revolt by Sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri against theQajars.[14][15]Qajar Persia

Ottoman Empire

Defeat
1889Emin Ali Bedirkhan Revolt[16]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1892Dersim Rebellion(1892)[17]Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1907Bitlis Uprising (1907)Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1907–1909Dersim Rebelllion (1907–1909)[18]Ottoman EmpireKurdish millitary victory

Ottoman diplomatic victory

1908-1911Hamawand rebellionOttoman EmpireSuppressed
Early March – 4 April 1914Bitlis uprising (1914)Ottoman EmpireSuppressed
1914 – 1918Kurdish rebellions during World War IOttoman Empire
  • Establishment of a quasi-independent Kurdish state until 1919
1919–1922 – First Mahmud Barzanji RevoltFirstMahmud Barzanji revoltIraqKingdom of IraqSuppressed
1918–1922FirstSimko Shikak revoltQajar PersiaSuppressed
1918–presentIraqi–Kurdish conflictIraqOngoing
1918–presentKurdish–Iranian conflictQajar PersiaOngoing
1919Ali Batı Revolt[19]TurkeyTurkeySuppressed
1919–1924Kurdish revolts in Iraq (1919–1924) [ar]IraqKingdom of IraqSuppressed
1919-1920Surchi revoltIraq LeviesSuppressed
17 August- Early September 1919Kağızman Uprising[b]First Republic of ArmeniaFirst Republic of ArmeniaSuppressed
1920Penek Uprising[c]First Republic of ArmeniaFirst Republic of ArmeniaSuppressed
1920Cemil Çeto UprisingTurkeyTurkeySuppressed
1920Milli Tribe RebellionTurkeyTurkeySuppressed
6 March – 17 June 1921Koçgiri rebellionTurkeySuppressed
November 1922 – July 1924SecondMahmud Barzanji revoltIraqKingdom of Iraq,Kingdom of KurdistanSuppressed
August 1924Beytüşşebab rebellionTurkeySuppressed
8 February – March 1925Sheikh Said rebellion[14]TurkeySuppressed
1925Raman and Reşkotan Uprising [ku]TurkeySuppressed
1926SecondSimko Shikak revoltPahlavi PersiaSuppressed, Simko Shikak flees toMandatory Iraq
1926Koçuşağı Rebellion[20][21]TurkeySuppressed
1927Mutki UprisingTurkeySuppressed
22 May – 3 August 1929Asi Resul Rebellion[22]TurkeySuppressed
September 1929Tendürek UprisingsTurkeySuppressed
October 1927 – September 17, 1930First, second and thirdArarat rebellion[23][24][25][26][27]Republic of Ararat,TurkeyRepublic of TurkeySuppressed,Republic of Ararat disbanded
1930Tutaklı Ali Can Rebellion [tr]TurkeyRepublic of TurkeySuppressed
1931Jafar Sultan revoltIranSuppressed
1931–1932Ahmed Barzani revoltIraqKingdom of IraqSuppressed, low-level insurgency continues through 1933, another revolt by Barzanis erupts in 1943
1935Yazidi revolt of 1935IraqMandatory IraqSuppressed
20 March – November, 1937 and 2 January – December, 1938Dersim rebellionTurkeyRepublic of TurkeyRevolt suppressed, Turkey would, inresponse, begin theDersim Genocide.
1941–1944Hama Rashid revoltPahlavi IranSuppressed, Hama Rashid driven into Iraq
19431943 Barzani revoltKingdom of IraqSuppressed
November 1945 – December 15, 1946Iran crisis of 1946[28]Pahlavi Iran,Republic of MahabadCreation of the Soviet-backedRepublic of Mahabad, revolt later suppressed
1948-1952Penjwen RevoltKingdom of IraqSuppressed
11 September 1961 – 1970First Iraqi–Kurdish WarRepublic of IraqStalemate, led to theIraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970
19671967 Kurdish revolt in IranIranPahlavi IranSuppressed
April 1974 – 1975Second Iraqi–Kurdish WarIraqSuppressed, the Iraqi government re-establishes control over Kurdistan
1976–1978PUK insurgencyIraqLong-term Iraqi victory , led to theKurdish rebellion of 1983
19791979 Kurdish rebellion in IranIranIranSuppressed
1983–1986Kurdish rebellion of 1983IraqIndecisive, led to theAnfal Genocide.
15 August 1984 – 12 May 2025Kurdish–Turkish conflictTurkeyRepublic of TurkeyCeasefire[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
1986–1996KDPI insurgencyIranGovernment of IranSuppressed; KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996
1 March – 5 April 19911991 Iraqi uprisingsBa'athist Iraq,Kurdistan RegionKurdistan RegionIraqi military victory; establishment of theKurdish Autonomous Republic, also known asIraqi Kurdistan
March 20042004 Qamishli riotsSyriaSuppressed
1 April 2004–presentIran–PJAK conflictIranOngoing
19 July 2012–presentRojava conflict of theSyrian civil warSyriaKurdish fighters have taken control of 365 towns and villages inSyrian Kurdistan and 2 districts in Aleppo by September 2012.[36]
24 July 2015 – 12 May 2025Kurdish–Turkish conflictTurkeyRepublic of TurkeyCeasefire
19 April 2016 – presentWestern Iran clashesIranOngoing
24 August 2016 – presentTurkish military intervention in SyriaSyriaOngoing
15 – 27 October 20172017 Iraqi-Kurdish conflictKurdistan RegionKurdistan RegionIraqi victory,Kurdistan Region loses territory includingSinjar,Kirkuk andKhanaqin.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Yezidi Rebellion
  2. ^Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan
  3. ^Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan

References

  1. ^Bosworth, C.E. (1998), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. 5: Khe-Mahi, Brill Academic Publishers, p. 451
  2. ^Hugh Kennedy,The Prophet and the Age of the CaliphatesThe Kurdish dynasties which emerged in the second half of tenth century...the Rawwadids
  3. ^Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂aRawwadi Kurds..
  4. ^Ian Richard Netto,Encyclopaedia of Islam"There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan"
  5. ^"Of the anger and alarm aroused by these proceedings..."persian.packhum.org. Archived fromthe original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved13 January 2022.
  6. ^"DIMDIM". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2007.
  7. ^Guest, John S. (2012).Survival Among The Kurds. Routledge. p. 60.ISBN 978-1-136-15736-3.
  8. ^"Iranica - Search Results". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. , p.533.
  9. ^Meho, Lokman I."The kurds and Kurdistan: a general background"(PDF). p. 9. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2008-06-13.
  10. ^Balcı, Ramazan (30 January 2014).Osmanlı'nın Doğu Siyaseti. Işık Yayıncılık Ticaret.ISBN 9789944766913. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  11. ^Birlik, Rezan.Batılı Seyyahların Gözüyle Şırnak ve Çevresi. DTA Yayıncılık Bilişim Ltd. Şti. p. 112.ISBN 978-6259442549. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  12. ^Mutlu, Servet (2002).Doğu Sorunu'nun Kökenleri: Ekonomik Açıdan. Ötüken.ISBN 978-9754373974. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  13. ^Ballı, Rafet (1991).Kürt dosyası (3 ed.). Cem Yayınevi. p. 51.ISBN 9754063001. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  14. ^ab"Are Kurds a pariah minority?". Archived fromthe original on 2008-06-08.
  15. ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Kūrdistān § History" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 951.
  16. ^Ekici, Deniz (2021).Kurdish Identity, Islamism, and Ottomanism: The Making of a Nation in the Late Ottoman Empire. Lexington Books. p. 25.ISBN 9781793612601. Retrieved2025-10-25.
  17. ^Taş, Erhan (2025)."Dersim Sancağında Yaşayan Koçuşağı (Koçan) Aşireti'nin Osmanlı Devleti'nin Son Dönemindeki Faaliyetleri Ve Koçuşağı Askerî Harekâtı (1926)".Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi.35 (3):1119–1136.doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1598751.
  18. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2014).Osmanlı’nın Doğu Siyaseti (in Turkish). Işık Yayıncılık.
  19. ^Akandere, Osman; Semiz, Yaşar (2012).Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi. Eğitim Yayınevi. p. 143.ISBN 978-605-4392-50-6. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  20. ^Saraç, Özgür; Şeren, Gamze Yıldız (2022).İlkesiz Vergilere Tepkiler: Vergi İsyanları. Efe Akademi Yayınları. p. 434.ISBN 978-605-71382-3-1. Retrieved2025-10-13.
  21. ^Döger, Yusuf Ziya (13 October 2022).Şeyh Said Hareketi Sonrası Pêçar Tenkil Harekâtı / 1927. Nûbihar Yayınları. p. 80.ISBN 978-605-68371-0-2. Retrieved2025-10-19.{{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help)
  22. ^Mumcu, Uğur (1993).Kürt Dosyası. Tekin Yayınevi. p. 22.ISBN 978-605-4274-51-2. Retrieved2025-10-19.
  23. ^Yusuf Mazhar,Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930,... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
  24. ^Ahmet Kahraman,ibid, p. 211,Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
  25. ^Ayşe Hür,"Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4"Archived 2011-02-25 at theWayback Machine,Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  26. ^M. Kalman,Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997,ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105.
  27. ^"Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten)Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
  28. ^"CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2008". Systemicpeace.org. June 12, 2013. Archived fromthe original on January 21, 2014. RetrievedNovember 14, 2013.
  29. ^"The PKK's withdrawal: An historic step".The Economist. 30 April 2013. Retrieved22 July 2013.
  30. ^Letsch, Constanze (8 May 2013)."PKK begins to withdraw from Turkey".The Guardian. Retrieved22 July 2013.
  31. ^"Nearly half of PKK terrorists reportedly withdraw from Turkey".Today's Zaman. 24 June 2013. Archived fromthe original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved22 July 2013.
  32. ^"Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle". Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived fromthe original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved21 March 2013.
  33. ^"Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle". Hürriyet daily news. 21 March 2013. Retrieved21 March 2013.
  34. ^"Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle". Trend AZ. 21 March 2013. Archived fromthe original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved21 March 2013.
  35. ^"Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace". Euronews. 21 March 2013. Archived fromthe original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved21 March 2013.
  36. ^"Vacuum of uprising gives Syrian Kurds rare freedom". Archived fromthe original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved5 November 2014.
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