Movatterモバイル変換

Timeline of Kinshasa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is atimeline of thehistory of thecity ofKinshasa,Democratic Republic of the Congo.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

19th century

[edit]

Part ofa series on the

History ofthe Democratic Republic of the Congo

Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Early history	pre–1876
Kingdom of Kongo	1390–1914
Kingdom of Luba	1585–1889
Kingdom of Lunda	1600–1887
Kuba Kingdom	1625–1884
Kingdom of Chokwe	1800–1891
Yeke Kingdom	1856–1891
Sultanate of Utetera	1860–1887

Colonization	1876–1960
Intl. African Association	1876–1879
Intl. Congo Society	1879–1885
Congo Free State (Atrocities)	1885–1908
Belgian Congo	1908–1960
World War II	1940–1945

Independence	post–1960
Congo Crisis	1960–1965
Congo–Léopoldville	1960–1971
Zaire (Shaba I / II)	1971–1997
First Congo War	1996–1997
Second Congo War	1998–2003
Joseph Kabila presidency	2001–2019
Félix Tshisekedi presidency	2019–present

20th century

[edit]

1900s-1950s

[edit]

1908 - Town becomes part ofBelgian Congo.
1909 -Banque du Congo Belge headquartered in Léopoldville (approximate date).^[3]
1914 - Grand Hotel ABC built.^[4]
1917 - Collège Saint-Joseph founded.
1920 -Ligne Aérienne du Roi Albert (airline) begins operating.
1923 - Capital ofBelgian Congo relocated to Leopoldville fromBoma.^[5]
1928 -Elima [fr] newspaper begins publication.^[3]
1935 -Association Sportive Vita Club formed.
1936 -Daring Club Motema Pembe (football club) formed.
1937
- Stade Reine Astrid (stadium) opens.
- Radio Leo begins broadcasting.^[6]
- Hotel Memling built.^[4]
1938 -Amicale Sportive Dragons football club formed.
1939 -Albert I of Belgium monument inaugurated on Place de la Gare.^[4]
1940 - Radio Congo Belge begins broadcasting.^[7]
1940s - Ngoma recording studio in business.^[7]
1943 -École Saint-Luc à Gombe Matadi founded.
1952 -Stade Roi Baudouin (stadium) inaugurated.
1953
- N'djili Airport inaugurated.
- African Jazz (musical group) formed.^[7]^[8]
1954 -Lovanium University established.^[9]
1955
- Boulevard Albert I constructed.^[4]
- Presbyterian Community in Kinshasa founded.
1956
- OK Jazz musical group formed.^[7]
- Colonial Governor-General residence built.
1957 -Académie des Beaux-Arts (school) active.
1958
- Trico Center for nuclear studies established.^[10]
- Plantations Lever au Congo (part ofUnilever) headquartered in city.
1959
- Anti-colonial riots led by theABAKO political party.^[11]
- L'independancenewspaper begins publication.^[12]

1960s-1990s

[edit]

1960
- City becomes capital of independentRepublic of the Congo.
- Joseph Kulumba becomesbourgmestre, succeeded by Daniel Kanza.
1961 -American School founded.
1962
- National School of Law and Administration founded.^[13]
- Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile based in Léopoldville.
1963
- Boulevard Albert I renamed "Boulevard du 30 Juin".^[4]
- Zoao Boniface becomesbourgmestre.
1964
- City becomes capital ofDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
- Hotel Memling built.
- Banque du Congo headquartered in city.^[3]
1965 - Centre d'etudes pour l'action sociale established.^{[citation needed]}
1966 - Léopoldville renamed "Kinshasa."^[14]
1967
- September:Organisation of African Unity summit held.
- National Conservatory of Music and Dramatic Art established.
1969
- Kinshasa International Fair begins.
- Zaiko Langa Langa musical group formed.
1971
- City becomes capital ofRepublic of Zaire.
- Office National des Transports headquartered in city.
- Inter Continental hotel in business.
1972 - École d'Informatique d'Électronique founded.^{[citation needed]}
1974
- September:Zaire 74 music festival held.
- 30 October:The Rumble in the Jungle boxing match held.^[15]
- Population: 2,008,352.^[16]
1975 -Sozacom building constructed.^[17]
1976 - Voix du Zaire broadcasting complex^[13] andBCZ building constructed.^[17]
1977 - Zekete-zekete musical style developed.^[7]
1979 -Palais du Peuple built.
1981 -University of Kinshasa established.^[9]
1982 -Le Potentiel newspaper begins publication.^[3]^[18]
1984 - Population: 2,664,309.^[19]
1985 - Meeting of theAssociation Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
1988 -Madiaba musical style developed.^[7]
1989
- Athletic Club Sodigraf formed.
- La Référence Plus newspaper begins publication.^[3]
1990 - Population: 3,564,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
1991
- Fundu Kota becomes governor.
- September: "Riots...by unpaid soldiers."^[11]^[21]
- October: Anti-Mobutu demonstrations.^[22]
1992 - Kibabu Madiata Nzau becomes governor, succeeded byBernardin Mungul Diaka.
1994
- Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste founded.
- Kamanyola Stadium opens.
1996
- Mujinga Swana becomes governor, succeeded by Nkoy Mafuta.
- L'Avenir (Newspaper) begins publication.
- 8 January:Airplane crash.
1997
- Théophile Mbemba Fundu becomes governor.
- April: General Gabriel Amela Lokima Bahati becomes governor.^{[citation needed]}
- May: Citytaken by anti-Mobutu forces led byLaurent-Désiré Kabila.^[11]^[23]
- Central Bank of the Congo headquartered in city.
1998
- August:Second Congo War begins; rebel forces move toward city.^[11]
- September: Food shortage.^[24]
1999 -United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo headquartered in Kinshasa.
2000 - Population: 5,611,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]

21st century

[edit]

2001
- Christophe Muzungu becomes governor, succeeded byLoka Ne Kongo [fr].
- January: PresidentLaurent-Désiré Kabila assassinated.^[25]
2002
- David Nku Imbié becomes governor.
- Lola ya Bonobo animal sanctuary located near city.
2004
- March: Coup attempt.^[11]
- May: Jean Kimbunda becomes governor.
2005
- Kimbembe Mazunga becomes governor.
- Population: 7,106,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
2006
- Post-election unrest.^[26]
- Baudoin Liwanga becomes governor.
2007
- March: Conflict betweenBemba supporters and government forces.^[11]^[27]
- 16 March:André Kimbuta becomes governor.
- City website online (approximate date).^[28]^{[chronology citation needed]}
2010 - 2 June: ActivistFloribert Chebeya killed.^[11]
2011 - 27 February:Coup attempt.
2012
- October:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.
- Population: 9,046,000.
2013 - 30 December:December 2013 Kinshasa attacks by supporters of religious leader Mukungubila.^[11]
2014
- 11 May:Stade Tata Raphaël stampede.
- Hôpital du Cinquantenaire [fr] (hospital) opens.
- It's discovered that theorigin of theHIV virus traces back to Léopoldville in the 1920s.^[29]
2015 - January:2015 Congolese protests.^[30]
2023: The2023 Jeux de la Francophonie.

References

[edit]

^Henry Phillips, Jr. (1889)."An Account of the Congo Independent State".Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.26.
^Muriel E. Chamberlain (2013) [1998]. "Chronology of Decolonisation: the French Empire: French Equatorial Africa".Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 163+.ISBN 978-1-317-89744-6.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e"Democratic Republic of the Congo: Directory".Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World.Europa Publications. 2004.ISBN 1857431839.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eMwana Mboka (ed.)."Kinshasa Then and Now (blog)". Retrieved30 September 2014 – viaBlogspot.
^"Kinshasa – national capital, Democratic Republic of the Congo".britannica.com.Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved22 April 2021.
^Gary Stewart (2003).Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos. Verso.ISBN 978-1-85984-368-0.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fRuth M. Stone, ed. (2010).Garland Handbook of African Music (2nd ed.). Routledge.ISBN 978-1-135-90001-4.
^Jesse Samba Wheeler (2005),"Rumba Lingala as Colonial Resistance",Image & Narrative, vol. 10,ISSN 1780-678X – via Internet Archive
^^a ^b"Université de Kinshasa".Southern African Regional Universities Association. Retrieved22 February 2013.
^"Congo arrest over missing uranium". BBC News. 8 March 2007.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h"Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved22 February 2013.
^"Kinshasa (Congo) Newspapers".WorldCat. US:Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved22 February 2013.
^^a ^bEmizet Francois Kisangani; Scott F. Bobb (2009).Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3rd ed.).Scarecrow Press.ISBN 978-0-8108-6325-5.
^Didier Gondola (2002). "Timeline of Historical Events".History of Congo. Greenwood.ISBN 978-0-313-31696-8.
^Quintard Taylor, ed. (31 March 2011),"Kinshasa, Congo",BlackPast.org, retrieved30 September 2014
^United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^^a ^bPain 1984.
^"Kinshasa (Congo) -- Newspapers".Global Resources Network. Chicago, US:Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved30 September 2014.
^United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.{{cite book}}:|author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^^a ^b ^c"The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets".United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived fromthe original on 2013-06-17.
^"Thousands of Troops on Rampage of Looting and Violence in Zaire",New York Times, 24 September 1991
^"Mobutu's Militia Confronts Protesters in Kinshasa".New York Times. 22 October 1991.
^"Mobutu Gives Up, Leaving Kinshasa and Ceding Power".New York Times. 17 May 1997.
^Kinshasa 'four days from starvation', BBC, 9 September 1998
^"Congo leader Kabila 'killed'".The Guardian. UK. 17 January 2001.
^Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2007). "Democratic Republic of the Congo".Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2006. Koninklijke Brill. p. 236+.ISBN 978-90-04-20556-7.
^"DRC".Global Voices Online. 23 March 2007.
^"Ville de Kinshasa - Le Site officiel" (in French). Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2007 – via Internet Archive,Wayback Machine.
^James Gallagher (2 October 2014)."Aids: Origin of pandemic 'was 1920s Kinshasa'". BBC.
^"Congo's #Telema protests",The Guardian, UK, 21 January 2015

This article incorporates information from theFrench Wikipedia.

Bibliography

[edit]

in English

[edit]

Okwui Enwezor, ed. (2002).Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos.Ostfildern, Germany:Hatje Cantz [de].ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1.Documenta11 +website
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo".Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge.ISBN 0415234794.
Kwame Anthony Appiah andHenry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Kinshasa".Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Kinshasa".Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn.ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
Pascal Kapagama; Rachel Waterhouse (2009),Portrait of Kinshasa: A City on (the) Edge, London:Crisis States Research Centre – viaInternational Relations and Security Network
Filip De Boeck (2010),Spectral Kinshasa: building the city through an architecture of words, Uppsala:Nordic Africa Institute

in French

[edit]

"Léopoldville",L'État indépendant du Congo: documents sur le pays et ses habitants, Annales duMusée du Congo (in French), Brussels, 1904,hdl:2027/pst.000022332363 – viaHathiTrust{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Marc Pain (1984).Kinshasa: la ville et la cité (in French). IRD Editions.ISBN 978-2-7099-0728-6.
Léon de Saint Moulin[in Lingala] (2010).Villes et organisation de l'espace en République Démocratique du Congo (in French).L'Harmattan.ISBN 978-2-296-25787-0. (Includes information about Kinshasa)
Futé, Petit (2012). "Histoire".Kinshasa.Le Petit Futé (in French). p. 30+.ISBN 9782746959279.

External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toHistory of Kinshasa.

Flickr.Kinshasa in the '70s (set of photos)
"(Kinshasa)".Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography ofopen access articles)
"(Kinshasa)" – viaEuropeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Kinshasa)" – viaDigital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Kinshasa)".Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany:Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
"(Kinshasa)".Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands:African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Kinshasa)".AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"(Kinshasa)".Mukanda: ressources documentaires sur l'Afrique centrale (in French). France:University of Lorraine. (Bibliography)
"(Kinshasa)".Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium:Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography) (see also "Leopoldville")

Images

[edit]

Kinshassa village, circa 1912
View of Kinshasa, 1972
US officialKissinger visits zoo at president'spalace, April 1976
View of Kinshasa, 2009

v t e Years in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo
Congo Free State	1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908
Belgian Congo	1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
Republic of Congo	1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
Zaire	1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
DR Congo	1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

v t e Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of the Congo
Buildings Economy Education Geography Communes Government Governors History Timeline Media People Sport Transport
History	Léopoldville riots The Rumble in the Jungle Fall of Kinshasa [fr]	Coat of arms of Kinshasa
Transport	N'djili Airport N'Dolo Airport
Landmarks	Limete Tower Makala Central Prison Palais de la Nation Palais du Peuple Stade des Martyrs Stade Tata Raphaël Stade Cardinal Malula Our Lady of the Congo Cathedral
Education	University of Kinshasa Université Libre de Kinshasa National Institute of Arts, Kinshasa International schools Lycée Prince de Liège Lycée Français René Descartes Kinshasa The American School of Kinshasa
Culture	National Museum National Library Institut National des Archives (Archives Nationales) AS Dragons Victoire Terminus
Kinshasa at Wikimedia Commons Democratic Republic of the Congo portal

v t e Timelines of cities in Africa
North	Algeria Algiers Batna [fr] Oran Egypt Alexandria Cairo Port Said Libya Benghazi Tripoli Morocco Casablanca Fez Marrakesh Meknes Rabat Salé [fr] Tangier Sudan Khartoum Tunisia Tunis
West	Benin Cotonou Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Cape Verde Praia Ghana Accra Guinea Conakry Guinea-Bissau Bissau Ivory Coast Abidjan Liberia Monrovia Mali Bamako Mauritania Nouakchott Niger Niamey Nigeria Ibadan Kano Lagos Port Harcourt Senegal Dakar Saint-Louis Sierra Leone Freetown Togo Lomé
Central	Cameroon Douala Yaoundé Central African Republic Bangui Congo Republic Brazzaville DR Congo Bukavu Goma Kinshasa Kisangani Lubumbashi Gabon Libreville
East	Burundi Bujumbura Djibouti Djibouti Eritrea Asmara Ethiopia Addis Ababa Mekelle Kenya Mombasa Nairobi Rwanda Kigali Tanzania Dar es Salaam Zanzibar Uganda Kampala
South	Angola Benguela Luanda Botswana Gaborone Madagascar Antananarivo Malawi Lilongwe Mauritius Port Louis Mozambique Beira Maputo Namibia Windhoek South Africa Cape Town Durban Johannesburg Pietermaritzburg Port Elizabeth Pretoria Zambia Lusaka Zimbabwe Bulawayo Harare
Category:City timelines Lists of cities in Africa