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Timeline of Grozny

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is atimeline of thehistory of the city ofGrozny,Chechen Republic,Russia.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

Prior to 20th century

[edit]

Part ofa series on the

Early modern

Modern

Mountain Republic	1917–1921
North Caucasian Emirate	1919–1920
Chechen National Okrug	1920–1922
Chechen Autonomous Oblast	1922–1934
Checheno-Ingush Aut. Oblast	1934–1936
Checheno-Ingush ASSR	1936–1944
Grozny Oblast	1944–1957
Checheno-Ingush ASSR	1957–1991
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria	1991–2000
Chechen Republic	2000–present

1819 – Groznaya fort built byRussian Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov.^[1]^[2]
1870 – Grozny granted town status inTerek Oblast.
1876 – Population: 6,000 (approximate).^[3]^[4]
1893 – Oil discovered in Grozny area.^[3]
1897 – Population: 15,599.^[2]
1900 – Synagogue opens.^[5]

20th century

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1913 – Population: 34,067.^[6]
1917 –Groznensky Rabochy newspaper begins publication.
1926 – Population: 97,000.^[3]
1928 –Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline launched.
1929 – City becomes capital of theChechen Autonomous Oblast.^[3]
1932 – Electrictramway begins operating.
1936 – Chechen-Ingush Philharmonic Society active.^[3]
1937 – Grozny Music College opens.^[3]
1938 –Grozny University founded.^{[citation needed]}
1939 – Population: 175,000.^[3]
1944 –Vainakh people in North Caucasusexpelled.
1946 –Stadium built.^{[citation needed]}
1958 – August:1958 Grozny riots.
1965 – Population: 314,000.^[7]
1973 – January: Ingush demonstrations at Lenin Square.^[8]
1977 –Grozny Airport terminal built.
1980 –Chechen State Teacher Training College founded.
1985 – Population: 393,000.^[9]
1991
- City becomes capital of theChechen Republic of Ichkeria.
- Beslan Gantemirov becomes mayor.^[10]
- Lenin Square renamed "Sheikh Mansur Square."
- 9 November: Pro-Chechnya demonstration at Freedom Square.^[11]
1993 – 15 April: Demonstration againstDzhokhar Dudayev.^[12]
1994
- 13 June: Conflict.^[13]
- 15 October: "Opposition forces attack" city.^[13]
- 26–27 November:Battle of Grozny.
- 28 December:Battle of Khankala occurs near city.
- 31 December:Battle of Grozny (1994–95) begins.
- Population: 370,000 (estimate).^[3]
1995
- January:Battle of Grozny.^[13]
- 19 January: Presidential Palace captured by Russian forces.^[14]
- Population: 60,000 (approximate).^[13]
1996
- Presidential Palace, Grozny demolished.
- May: Conflict.^[13]
- 6–20 August:Battle of Grozny.^[15]
- Mayor Beslan Gantemirov arrested for embezzlement.^[10]
- Islamic Youth Centre opens (approximate date).^[16]
1997
- City renamed "Dzokhar-Ghala."^[12]
- June: Mayoral election declared invalid.^[17]
1999
- 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya.
- 21 October:Grozny ballistic missile attack.^[13]
- 3 December:Refugee convoy shooting occurs near city.
- 25 December:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) begins.^[13]^[18]
2000
- 30 January: Mayor Lecha Dudayev killed.^[19]
- February: Russian forces take city.^[15]^[20]
- 5 February:Novye Aldi massacre occurs near city.
- 14 February: City "sealed."^[21]
- 2 March:Grozny OMON fratricide incident.
- April: Land mines cleared; civilians begin returning to city.^[13]
- Grozneftegaz oil company headquartered in Grozny.^[22]

21st century

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2001 – 17 September:Mi-8 crash.
2002
- 18 April:2002 Grozny OMON ambush.
- 30 June: Peace rally at Teatralnaya Square.^[23]
- 19 August:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash near city.
- 27 December:Truck bombing.^[15]
- Population: 205,000.^[3]
2003 – Movsar Temirbayev becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
2004
- 9 May: Explosion at stadium;Akhmad Kadyrov killed.^[15]^[24]
- 21–22 August:2004 Grozny raid.
2006 – Population: 240,000 (estimate).^[25]
2007 – Muslim Khuchiyev becomes mayor.
2008
- Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque opens.^[26]
- 11 October: The 5.8 M_w Chechnya earthquake shook the area with a maximumMercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Damage was limited in Grozny, but 13 were killed and 116 were injured in the districts ofGudermes,Shalinsky andKurchaloyevsky.
- Victory Avenue renamed "Putin Avenue."^[27]^[28]
2010
- 19 October:Chechen Parliament attack.
- Population: 271,600 (estimate).^[29]
2011 –Grozny-City Towers andTerek Stadium built.^[30]
2012
- Islam Kadyrov becomes mayor.^[31]
- Lermontov Drama Theatre rebuilt.^[32]
2013 – 3 April: Fire inOlympus Tower.^[33]
2014 – 4 December:2014 Grozny clashes.
2015 – March: Rally in support of theannexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.^[34]

References

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^Élisée Reclus (1876), A.H. Keane (ed.),The Earth and its Inhabitants, London: Virtue & Co.
^^a ^bBritannica 1910.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱAmjad Jaimoukha (2005),The Chechens: a Handbook, Routledge,ISBN 978-0-415-32328-4
^Murray 1888.
^"Grozny".Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved21 April 2013.
^"Russia: Principal Towns: Caucasia".Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
^"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York:Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
^Russia, the Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region. Human Rights Watch. 1996.ISBN 1-56432-165-7.
^"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York:United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
^^a ^bKimberly Zisk Marten (2012),Warlords: Strong-arm Brokers in Weak States, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,ISBN 978-0-8014-5076-1
^Monica Duffy Toft (2003),The Geography of Ethnic Violence, Princeton University Press,ISBN 978-0-691-11354-8
^^a ^bCarlotta Gall;Thomas de Waal (1998),Chechnya: calamity in the Caucasus, New York: New York University Press,ISBN 0-8147-2963-0
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hIan Jeffries (2002),The New Russia: a Handbook of Economic and Political Developments, RoutledgeCurzon,ISBN 978-0-7007-1621-0
^Bogdan Szajkowski (1995). "Chechnia: The Empire Strikes Back".GeoJournal.37 (2): 229.Bibcode:1995GeoJo..37..229S.doi:10.1007/BF00816795.
^^a ^b ^c ^d"Chechnya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 24 May 2012. Retrieved21 April 2013.
^Julie Wilhelmsen (2005). "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Islamisation of the Chechen Separatist Movement".Europe-Asia Studies.57.
^"Grozny Elections Declared Invalid".Moscow Times. 3 June 1997.
^"Chechen rebels told to surrender". BBC News. 2 February 2000.
^"Chechen Rebels Report Loss of 3 Commanders".Los Angeles Times. 2 February 2000.
^"'Nothing Is Left' in Grozny, Returning Refugees Discover".New York Times. 12 February 2000.
^"Russians Order Grozny Residents To Leave, Sealing Off Ruined City".New York Times. 15 February 2000.
^"Grozneftegaz".Rosneft. Archived fromthe original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved21 April 2013.
^Paul J. Murphy (2010),Allah's angels: Chechen women in war, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press,ISBN 978-1-59114-542-4
^"Chechnya Bomb Kills President, a Blow to Putin".New York Times. 10 May 2004.
^C.J. Chivers (3 May 2006)."Spring rebuilding in Chechnya".New York Times.
^Alexei V. Malashenko; Aziza Nuritova (2009). "Islam in Russia".Social Research.76.
^"A Chechen avenue is named for Putin".New York Times. 6 October 2008.
^"The Wild South: Russia's treatment of its republics in the Caucasus has turned them into tinderboxes".The Economist. London. 27 November 2008.
^"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 2011.United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
^Seth Mydans (5 October 2011)."Gleaming City Rising From Ruins Can't Hide Psychic Scars of a War".New York Times.
^Territories of the Russian Federation 2013. Routledge. 2013.ISBN 978-1-85743-675-4.
^"Chechen drama theatre starts new season".Voice of Russia. 21 March 2012.
^"Chechnya skyscraper on fire".The Guardian. UK. 4 April 2013.
^"Week in the Caucasus: review of main events of March 16–22".Caucasian Knot. 23 March 2015.

This article incorporates information from theRussian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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Published in 19th–20th centuries

"Groznaya",Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (4th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1888
"Grosnyi".Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig:Brockhaus. 1908.
"Groznyi" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 638.

Published in 21st century

"New Violence May Cut Short Chechnya's Modest Progress".Washington Post. 12 May 2004.
Seth Mydans (1 June 2004)."In a Ruined City, Even the Rubble Is Taken From Them".New York Times.
C.J. Chivers (19 October 2008)."Grozny, and Chechen History, being Reconstructed".New York Times.
I. Demchenko (2013). "The Illusion of Peace: The Reconstruction of Grozny and the New Chechen Identity". In Sarah Moser (ed.).New Cities in the Muslim World. London: Reaktion.ISBN 978-94-007-4684-8.
Margaret Evans (11 February 2013)."Grozny's makeover can't mask Chechen menace".CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toGrozny.

Yulia Vishnevets (26 March 2007)."Грозный" [Grozny]. (photos of city)
City of Grozny (2009)."Post-conflict Restoration of the City of Grozny". Archived fromthe original on 2013-07-05.

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