Movatterモバイル変換

Timeline of Fez

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is atimeline of thehistory of the city ofFez,Morocco.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

Prior to 20th century

[edit]

Part ofa series on the
History ofMorocco

Prehistory Acheulean Mousterian Aterian Iberomaurusian Capsian
Classical to Late Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) Carthaginian Roman Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Exarchate of Africa
Early Islamic (8th–10th century AD) Muslim conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty
Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th century AD) Caliphate of Córdoba Fatimid Caliphate Ifranids Miknasas Maghrawas Arab migrations to the Maghreb
Empire (beginning 11th century AD) Almoravids Almohads Marinids Wattasids Saadis Alawis other political entities Zawiya Dila'iya Principality of Debdou Republic of Salé
Decline (beginning 19th century AD) Franco-Moroccan War Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856 Hispano-Moroccan War Protégé system Treaty of Wad Ras Treaty of Madrid Tangier Crisis Treaty of Algeciras Agadir Crisis Hafidiya Bombardment of Casablanca (1907) French conquest of Morocco
Protectorate (1912–1956) Treaty of Fez French protectorate Spanish protectorate French Conquest Zaian War Rif War Tangier International Zone Emigration of Moroccan Jews Opposition to European control Revolution of the King and the People
Modern (1956–present) Ifni War Sand War Moroccanization Coup d'état attempt in 1971 / in 1972 Moulay Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Related topics Morocco in the 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s History by topic Jewish Economic Military Postal Imperial cities
Morocco portal History portal
v t e

789 – Madinat Fas settlement (later Fes el Andalous) established byIdris I of Morocco.^[1]
809 – Second settlement (later Fes el Karaouyine) established byIdris II of Morocco.^[2]^[3]^[4]
818 – Andalucian Arab refugees arrive (approximate date).^[2]
825 – Tunisian Kairouan refugees arrive.^[2]
828 –Idris II of Morocco dies.
848 –Yahya ibn Muhammad in power.
859 –Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque founded.
980 –Maghrawa in power.^[5]
1033 –1033 Fez massacre of Jews.^{[citation needed]}
1070 –Almoravids in power.^[6]
1145 –Almohads take city.^[5]
1204 – thefortifications of Fes el-bali completed.
1248 –Marinids in power.^[6]
1276 –Fes Jdid built.^[5]
1325 –Al-Attarine Madrasa completed.^[7]
1355 –Bou Inania Madrasa completed.^[8]
1357 –Dar al-Magana water clock built.^[9]
1408 – Lalla Ghariba mosque built atFes Jdid.^[1]
1437 – Probable date of the transfer of Jewish population ofFes el-Bali to theMellah in Fes Jdid.^[10]^[11]^[12]
1465 –1465 Moroccan revolt.
1472 –Wattassids in power.
1522 – Earthquake.^[2]
1554 –Capture of Fez by theOttoman Empire^[13]
1554 – Recapture of Fez by the Saadian SultanMohammed Al-Shaykh.
1576 –Capture of Fez byAbu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi and his forces.
1670 –Cherratine Madrasa rebuilt.^[1]^[14]

20th century

[edit]

1912
- March: Morocco becomes a French protectorate, perTreaty of Fez.^[1]
- April:1912 Fez riots.^[1]
- Moroccan capital relocated from Fez toRabat.
1913 –Bab Boujeloud (gate) refurbished.^[2]
1916 – Ville Nouvelle founded.^[1]
1917 – Kissariyya market fire.^[15]
1920 – Public library opens.^[16]
1931 - Futurebillionaire Othman Benjelloun born in Fez.
1940 - student music association orchestra at fez as now music Institute in fez has founded there. (First called fez youth orchestra)
1942 – Cinema Rex opens.^[17]
1946 –Maghreb Association Sportive de Fez football club formed.
1948 –Widad Fez football club formed.
1951 - Population: 179,372.^[18]
1963 –University of al-Qarawiyyin active.
1973 - Population: 321,460 city; 426,000 urban agglomeration.^[19]
1981 –Medina of Fez designated an UNESCOWorld Heritage Site.
1988 - ATrappist community is founded upon invitation of thearchbishop of Rabat and is housed in the formerBellevue Hotel. The monks move in 1999 toMidelt.^[20]
1990 – 14 December: Labour strike.^[21]
1993 - Population: 564,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).^[22]
1994 –World Sacred Music Festival begins.
1999 –Rabat–Fes expressway built.^[23]

21st century

[edit]

2003 –Hamid Chabat becomes mayor.
2004 – Population: 947,000.^[1]
2005 –École nationale des sciences appliquées de Fès (school) established.
2007 – After a construction period from 1994 to 2003,Fez Stadium opens in 2007.
2011 **International Institute for Languages and Cultures established.
- Population: 1,088,000.^[24]
2014 - Population: 1,126,551 (estimate).^[25]
2015
- City becomes part of theFès-Meknès administrative region.
- Idriss Azami Al Idrissi becomes mayor.

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gBosworth 2007.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eWatson 1996.
^Le Tourneau, Roger (1949).Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. p. 35.
^Rivet, Daniel (2012).Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI. Fayard. p. 83.
^^a ^b ^cThomas K. Park; Aomar Boum (2006)."Fes".Historical Dictionary of Morocco (2nd ed.).Scarecrow Press.ISBN 978-0-8108-6511-2.
^^a ^bHsain Ilahiane (2006)."Chronology".Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen).Scarecrow Press.ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
^Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014).Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. p. 486.ISBN 9782350314907.
^Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014).Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. p. 474.ISBN 9782350314907.
^Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014).Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 492–493.ISBN 9782350314907.
^Rguig, Hicham (2014). "Quand Fès inventait le Mellah". In Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (eds.).Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 452–454.ISBN 9782350314907.
^Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)".Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.60 (3):310–327.doi:10.2307/991758.JSTOR 991758.
^Ben-Layashi, Samir; Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2018)."Myth, History, and Realpolitik: Morocco and its Jewish Community". In Abramson, Glenda (ed.).Sites of Jewish Memory: Jews in and From Islamic Lands. Routledge.ISBN 9781317751601.
^Britannica 1910.
^Michael E. Bonine (1990)."Islamic Cities of Morocco". In Oleg Grabar (ed.).Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 4. Koninklijke Brill. p. 50+.ISBN 978-90-04-09347-8.
^Stacy E. Holden (2007). "Constructing an Archival Cityscape: Local Views of Colonial Urbanism in the French Protectorate of Morocco".History in Africa.34:121–132.doi:10.1353/hia.2007.0008.JSTOR 25483694.S2CID 154077505.
^Lola Souad (1993)."Morocco". In Robert Wedgeworth (ed.).World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. p. 585+.ISBN 978-0-8389-0609-5.
^"Movie Theaters in Fez, Morocco".CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved30 October 2014.
^"Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York:Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976)."Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Flachaire, Jean-Pierre (2006)."Le monastère Notre Dame de l'Atlas au Maroc"(PDF).Collectanea Cisterciensia.68:1–18. Retrieved17 December 2023.
^Cairoli 1999.
^United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997)."Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.{{cite book}}:|author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003),Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links(PDF), vol. 2: Description of Corridors,African Development Bank andUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa
^The State of African Cities 2014.United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015.ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived fromthe original on 10 September 2014.
^"Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants",Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

[edit]

in English

[edit]

Published in 19th century

Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823),"Fez",A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Josiah Conder (1830),"City of Fez",The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889),"(Fez)",Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan, London: Whittaker & Co.,OCLC 4428176
Leo Africanus;John Pory (1896),"Fez", inRobert Brown (ed.),History and Description of Africa, vol. 2, London:Hakluyt Society,OCLC 2649691 (written in 16th century)

Published in 20th century

"Fez" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 306–307.
Edith Wharton (1920),"Fez",In Morocco, New York: Scribner
"Fez, Heart of Morocco",National Geographic Magazine, vol. 67, Washington DC, 1935
Arden, Harvey (March 1986). "Morocco's Ancient City of Fez".National Geographic.169 (3):330–353.ISSN 0027-9358.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996)."Fes".International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 275+.ISBN 978-1884964039.
M. Laetitia Cairoli (1999). "Garment Factory Workers in the City of Fez".Middle East Journal.53 (1):28–43.JSTOR 4329282.PMID 22010309.
Stefano Bianca (2000), "(Fez)",Urban form in the Arab world, Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich,ISBN 978-3728119728

Published in 21st century

Mark Ellingham (2001), "Fes",Rough Guide to Morocco (6th ed.), London:Rough Guides, p. 198+,OL 24218635M
Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006)."Fez".Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. p. 257+.ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007)."Fez".Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden:Koninklijke Brill. pp. 137+.ISBN 978-9004153882.
Simon O'Meara (2007)."Foundation Legend of Fez". In Amira K. Bennison and Alison L. Gascoigne (ed.).Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World. Routledge. p. 27+.ISBN 978-1-134-09650-3.
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Fez",Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA:ABC-CLIO, pp. 151–153
"Fez".Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.
Rachel Newcomb (2009).Women of Fes: Ambiguities of Urban Life in Morocco. University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN 978-0-8122-4124-2.

in French

[edit]

Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès (in French). 1860.
Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906)."Maroc: Description des villes: Fes".Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris:Flammarion. (+table of contents)
Laribe; et al. (1922).Maroc pittoresque: Fès-Meknès-et-région: album de photographies (in French). Marseille.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Maurice de Périgny (1922).Au Maroc; Fès, la capitale du nord. Pays modernes (in French). P. Roger.
A. Fejjal (1986). "Industrie et industrialisation à Fès".Méditerranée (in French).59 (4):63–74.doi:10.3406/medit.1986.2427.
Jean-François Troin (1995). "Fès et Marrakech: Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines".Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French).50:149–169.doi:10.3406/camed.1995.1143.
C. Agabi; J. C. Santucci (1997)."Fès. (Fas)".Fès (in French). Vol. 18. Éditions Peeters. pp. 2766–2777.ISBN 9782857449485 – viaRevues.org.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
Mohamed Métalsi (2002).Fès, la ville essentielle (in French). Paris.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Brahim Akdim; Mohamed Laaouane (2010)."Patrimoine et développement local à Fès: priorités, acteurs et échelles d'action".Norois (in French).214 (1):9–21.doi:10.4000/norois.3083 – via Revues.org.

External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFes.

Map of Fes, 1942.
"Morocco: Fez".Archnet. Archived fromthe original on 6 October 2013.
"(Articles related to Fez)".Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands:African Studies Centre.

Fez, Morocco

Subdivisions

History

Transport

Education

Sports

Clubs	MAS Fez Wydad de Fès Maghreb de Fes (basketball)
Sport venues	Fez Stadium Salle 11th November

Culture

World Sacred Music Festival

Landmarks

Mosques

Fes el-Bali	Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque Mosque of the Andalusians Al-Anouar Mosque (Mosque of the Sheikhs) Ain al-Kheil Mosque (Al-Azhar Mosque) Abu al-Hasan Mosque Bab Guissa Mosque Bou Jeloud Mosque Chrabliyine Mosque Diwan Mosque El-Oued Mosque R'cif Mosque
Fes el-Jdid	Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid Al-Beida Mosque Al-Hamra Mosque Lalla ez-Zhar Mosque Lalla Ghriba Mosque Moulay Abdallah Mosque

Synagogues

Madrasas

Mausoleums & zawiyas

Museums

Palaces & historic mansions

Funduqs (foundouks)

Tanneries

Hammams (bathhouses)

Fortresses & city walls

Gates

Bab al-Amer
Bab Bou Jeloud
Bab Chorfa
Bab Dekkakin (Bab es-Sebaa)
Bab Ftouh
Bab Guissa
Bab Mahrouk
Bab Semmarine
Bab Segma
For other gates, seeFortifications of Fez

Streets, souqs, and squares

Kissariat al-Kifah
Place Bou Jeloud (Place Pacha el-Baghdadi)
Place Nejjarine
Place Seffarine
Tala'a Kebira
For the "Mechouars" of the Royal Palace, seeRoyal Palace of Fez

Other landmarks

People

SeeCategory:People from Fez, Morocco

v t e Fès-Meknès region
Capital:Fez
Provinces and prefectures	Boulemane Province El Hajeb Province Fès Prefecture Ifrane Province Meknès Prefecture Moulay Yacoub Province Sefrou Province Taounate Province Taza Province
Cities	Agourai Ahermoumou Ain Aicha Ain Cheggag Ain Taoujdate Aknoul Azrou Bhalil Bouhouda Boulman El Hajeb El Menzel Fes Guigou Imouzzer Kandar Imouzzer Marmoucha Meknes Missour Mkansa Moulay Idriss Zerhoun Moulay Yacoub Oued Amlil Ouislane Outat El Haj Sabaa Aiyoun Sebt Jahjouh Sefrou Tahla Taza Toulal Tamedit Taounate

v t e Years inMorocco (1956–present)
Pre-1956 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

v t e Timelines of cities in Africa
North	Algeria Algiers Batna [fr] Oran Egypt Alexandria Cairo Port Said Libya Benghazi Tripoli Morocco Casablanca Fez Marrakesh Meknes Rabat Salé [fr] Tangier Sudan Khartoum Tunisia Tunis
West	Benin Cotonou Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Cape Verde Praia Ghana Accra Guinea Conakry Guinea-Bissau Bissau Ivory Coast Abidjan Liberia Monrovia Mali Bamako Mauritania Nouakchott Niger Niamey Nigeria Ibadan Kano Lagos Port Harcourt Senegal Dakar Saint-Louis Sierra Leone Freetown Togo Lomé
Central	Cameroon Douala Yaoundé Central African Republic Bangui Congo Republic Brazzaville DR Congo Bukavu Goma Kinshasa Kisangani Lubumbashi Gabon Libreville
East	Burundi Bujumbura Djibouti Djibouti Eritrea Asmara Ethiopia Addis Ababa Mekelle Kenya Mombasa Nairobi Rwanda Kigali Tanzania Dar es Salaam Zanzibar Uganda Kampala
South	Angola Benguela Luanda Botswana Gaborone Madagascar Antananarivo Malawi Lilongwe Mauritius Port Louis Mozambique Beira Maputo Namibia Windhoek South Africa Cape Town Durban Johannesburg Pietermaritzburg Port Elizabeth Pretoria Zambia Lusaka Zimbabwe Bulawayo Harare
Category:City timelines Lists of cities in Africa