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Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America

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This article forms part of the series
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
in North America
History
People
Jurisdictions (list)
Assembly of Bishops
Other
Macedonian
Historical
American Orthodox Catholic Church
Monasteries
List of monasteries in the United States
Seminaries (list)
Organizations
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Thetimeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America represents atimeline of the historical development of religious communities, institutions and organizations ofEastern Orthodox Christianity inNorth America.

Early visits and missions (1700–1900)

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  • 1741Divine Liturgy celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska.
  • 1767 A community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself inNew Smyrna Beach, Florida.
  • 1787 The US Constitution is drafted in Philadelphia.
  • 1794 Missionaries, including St.Herman of Alaska, arrive atKodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska.
  • 1796 Martyrdom ofJuvenaly of Alaska.
  • 1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov)consecrated in Irkutsk as firstbishop for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return.
  • 1803 Louisiana Purchase expands American territory beyond Mississippi River.
  • 1804 The double-headed eagle became a motif widely used inTlingit art, after theRussian-Tlingit Battle of Sitka in 1804, whenAleksandr Baranov, the first governor of colonial Russian Alaska and manager of the Russian-America Company, presented theKiks.adi Sitka Tlingit leaders with a large medallion on which was found the Russian imperial symbol.[1]
  • 1812 Russian colony of Fort Ross established on the coast 60 miles north of San Francisco.
  • 1816 Martyrdom ofPeter the Aleut near San Francisco.
  • 1819 Various Spanish territories ceded to United States, including Florida.
  • 1824 Fr.John Veniaminov comes to Unalaska, Alaska.
  • 1825 First native priest,Jacob Netsvetov.
  • 1830 Saints Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church is founded onSaint Paul Island (Alaska), in theBering Sea.[2]
  • 1834 Fr.John Veniaminov moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut.
  • 1836 Imperialukaz regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia.
  • 1837 Death of St.Herman of Alaska on Spruce Island.
  • 1840 Consecration of Fr.John Veniaminov asbishop with the name Innocent.
  • 1841 Return of St.Innocent of Alaska to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka.
  • 1843 First mission school for theEskimos was established atNushagak by Russian-Greek Orthodox Church.[3]
  • 1844 Formation ofseminary in Sitka.[note 1]
  • 1848Consecration ofSt. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska); Pacific Southwest won from Mexico by United States.
  • 1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia.
  • 1858Peter (Sysakoff) consecrated asauxiliary bishop for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk.
  • 1864Holy Trinity Church, first Orthodoxparish established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks.
  • 1865 First Divine Liturgy celebrated in New York City, by Fr.Agapius Honcharenko.
  • 1867 Alaska purchased by the United States from Russia;[note 2] Bp.Paul (Popov) succeeds Bp. Peter.
  • 1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; St.Innocent of Alaska becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
  • 1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by theChurch of Russia with Bp.John (Metropolsky) as ruling hierarch.
  • 1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the defined boundaries of the diocese (i.e., Alaska).
  • 1876 Bp.John (Metropolsky) recalled to Russia.
  • 1878 Bp.Nestor (Zakkis) succeedsJohn (Metropolsky).
  • 1880-1920 Emigration of approximately400,000 Greeks to the United States, one-fifth of the total population, many as hired labor for the railroads and mines of the American West.[5][6]
  • 1882 Bp.Nestor (Zakkis) drowns in the Bering Sea.
  • 1886-1895 In the face of their shamans' inability to treat Old World diseases including smallpox, manyTlingit people (an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America), converted to Orthodox Christianity.[7][note 3]
  • 1888 Bp.Vladimir (Sokolovsky) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
  • 1890 The first Orthodox arrived inSaskatchewan.[9]
  • 1891 Fr.Alexis Toth, aUniate priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian Church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post;Nicholas (Ziorov) becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese;Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish-community is founded in New York.[note 4]
  • 1892 Fr.Alexis Toth and his parish in Minneapolis received into the Russian Church; Carpatho-RussianUniate parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several Pennsylvania soon follow suit; first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California; first American-born person ordained, Fr. Sebastian Dabovich.
  • 1895 Archim.Raphael (Hawaweeny) arrives in America; first Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by St.Raphael of Brooklyn; Fr.John Kochurov arrives in America and becomes priest of the Russian parish in Chicago; Fr. Anatolii Kamenskii arrives in Alaska; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
  • 1896 Bp.Nicholas (Ziorov) reports to theHoly Synod of Russia that"the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian background"; St.Alexander Hotovitsky appointed asrector in New York;Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity is chartered by a special act of theNew York State Legislature, being the first Greek Church founded in New York, and the second Greek Church founded in the Americas.[note 5]
  • 1898 Bp.Nicholas (Ziorov) returns to Russia;Tikhon (Belavin) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska; American annexation of Hawaii.

Beyond Alaska (1900–1918)

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  • 1900 Name of Russian mission diocese changed fromthe Aleutian Islands and Alaska tothe Aleutian Islands and North America, thus expanding its territorial boundaries.
  • 1901 First Orthodox church in Canada, in Vostok, Alberta.
  • 1902 Building of St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York; first Romanian parish in North America founded in Regina, Saskatchewan.
  • 1904Raphael (Hawaweeny) consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn, becoming the first Orthodox bishop to be consecrated in America;Innocent (Pustinsky) consecrated as Bishop of Alaska; first Romanian parish founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
  • 1905St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania) founded; Bp.Tikhon (Belavin) raised to the rank of archbishop; seminary opened in Minneapolis; Russian Orthodox see transferred to New York; Fr.Sebastian Dabovich elevated toarchimandrite and given charge over Serbian parishes by Tikhon; Episcopal priest of nearly 30 years Dr.Ingram Irvine converted to Orthodoxy, assigned to "English work."
  • 1906 In anukaze dated January 27, addressed to Archbishop Tikhon, the Holy Synod of Russia confirmed the practice of commemorating the American president by name, and not the Russian Tsar, during divine services; blessing ofSt. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery by hierarchs Tikhon, Raphael and Innocent; translation ofService Book byIsabel Hapgood.
  • 1907 1st All-American Sobor held in Mayfield, PA, at which the name of the Russian mission was declared to beThe Russian Orthodox Greek-Catholic Church in North America under the Hierarchy of the Russian Church; Abp.Tikhon (Belavin) returns to Russia and is succeeded in his see byPlaton (Rozhdestvensky) as Archbishop of the Aleutians and North America; Uniate Bp. Stephen Ortinsky sent to the US by Rome to stem the tide of Uniate returns to Orthodoxy; Papal decreeEa Semper issued, mandating all Uniate priests in American be celibate; firstSunday of Orthodoxy service in New York; first Bulgarian parish in Madison, Illinois; ordination in Constantinople of first African-American Orthodox priest, the Very Rev. Fr.Raphael Morgan,Priest-Apostolic to America and the West Indies.
  • 1908Church of Constantinople gives care for Greek Orthodox parishes in the US to theChurch of Greece; Fr.Theophan Noli celebrates first Divine Liturgy in the Albanian language; first Albanian parish in Boston.
  • 1909 Bp.Innocent (Pustynsky) transferred to Russia, succeeded byAlexander (Nemolovsky) as Bishop of Alaska; death of Fr.Alexis Toth.
  • 1911 Minneapolis seminary transferred to Tenafly, New Jersey.
  • 1913 Serbian clergy vote to come underSerbian Orthodox Church but meet with no official response.
  • 1914 Abp.Platon (Rozhdestvensky) recalled to Russia and made bishop of Kishinev, after having received 72 communities (mainly ex-Uniate Carpatho-Russians) into Orthodoxy during his rule;Antiochian Metr.Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle comes to US to organize parishes without the approval of his synod.
  • 1915 Death of St.Raphael of Brooklyn; Abp.Evdokim (Meschersky) succeeds Platon; firstmonastery for women in Springfield, Vermont.
  • 1916 Consecration ofPhilip (Stavitsky);Alexander (Nemolovsky) appointed Bishop of Canada with his see in Winnipeg; organization ofSyrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America byGermanos (Shehadi) with founding of St. Mary's Cathedral in Brooklyn, New York; death of Rev. Agapius Honcharenko.
  • 1917 Ex-Uniate priestAlexander Dzubay consecrated with the name Stephen as Bishop of Pittsburgh; Archim.Aftimios (Ofiesh) consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn; St.Tikhon (Belavin) elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia at the All Russian Sobor of 1917–1918.
  • 1918-24 Emigration of 70,000Greeks to the United States.

Revolution and rivalry (1918–1943)

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Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943–1970)

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Union and division (1970–1994)

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Ligonier and beyond (1994–present)

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Notes

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  1. ^In 1844, St. Innocent (Veniaminov) organized the first Orthodox theological school in North America at Sitka, inaugurating a golden age of Orthodox educational ministry and mission in Alaska. This lasted until the catastrophe of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, when the last Russian-sponsored parochial school in Alaska closed.[4]
  2. ^October 18 is now celebrated as "Alaska Day."[3]
  3. ^Russian Orthodox missionaries had translated their liturgy into the Tlingit language. It has been argued that they saw Eastern Orthodox Christianity as a way of resisting assimilation to the "American way of life," which was associated with Presbyterianism.[8]
  4. ^"In the fall of 1891 there were about 500 male Greeks and perhaps 20 Greek women in New York. The establishment of the Athena Brotherhood intertwined Hellenism and Greek Orthodoxy; from these few sprung forth the first Greek association in this hemisphere and the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish. A small part of an Evangelical church on West 53rd Street near Ninth Avenue was rented at $50.00 per month. Holy Trinity - the second Greek Orthodox church in the Americas and the first in New York City - had found its first home."[10]
  5. ^"Chartered by a special act of the New York State Legislature in 1896, it occupied several locations. In 1904 a permanent church building, an Episcopal church of Gothic architecture at 153 East 72nd Street, was purchased. The first service was held on April 3, 1904. Later that same year, the dynamic Father Methodeos Kourkoules assumed the pastorate and remained its benevolent and resolute spiritual leader until 1940."[10]
  6. ^Saint Paul University in Ottawa is the home of the"Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies", named after the primate of the Ukrainian Catholic Church,Andrey Sheptytsky (1865–1944). It specializes in Eastern Christian Studies, with special but not exclusive emphasis on the tradition of theChurch of Kyiv.

References

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  1. ^Two Views of Double-Headed Eagles. Northwest Coast Archaeology. Posted on March 1, 2010. Retrieved: 2013-10-05.
  2. ^SS. Peter and Paul Church. Orthodox Church in America (OCA) - Parishes. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.
  3. ^abAlaska Native History - Timeline - Alaskool. Alaskool (Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage). Retrieved: 2013-10-06.
  4. ^St. Herman's Seminary, Kodiak, Alaska. Orthodox Church in America (OCA) - Parishes. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.
  5. ^Alexander Kitroeff.The Story of Greek Migration to America. The Journey: The Greek American Dream (Documentary Film).
  6. ^abC. Moskos."The Greeks in the United States." In: R. Clogg (cd.).The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999. p.105.
  7. ^Boyd, Robert Thomas.The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999. p. 241.
  8. ^Kan, Sergei.Memory Eternal: Tlingit Culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity Through Two Centuries. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1999. pp.xix-xxii.
  9. ^Yaroslaw Lozowchuk and Gerald Luciuk.Orthodox Churches. The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved: 11 July 2014.
  10. ^abArchdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity.Cathedral History: The Greek Orthodox Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy TrinityArchived 2012-12-07 at theWayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
  11. ^Subdeacon Kevin Wigglesworth.Statistics of Orthodox Christianity in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Orthodox Christianity. Volume V, No 1, Winter 2010. p.33. (.PDF)
  12. ^Pravoslavie.ru.Toronto Orthodox Theological Academy & Saint Paul University sign cooperation agreement. 16/12/2010.

Sources

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