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Timeline of Cuban history

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This is atimeline of Cuban history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events inCuba and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, seeHistory of Cuba. See also thelist of colonial governors of Cuba andlist of presidents of Cuba.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

15th century

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Year	Date	Event
1492	27 October	Christopher Columbus arrives in Cuba and claims the island for Spain.

16th century

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Year	Date	Event
1508		Sebastián de Ocampo circumnavigates Cuba, confirming that it is an island.
1510		Spanish set out fromHispaniola. The conquest of Cuba begins.
1511		The first governor of Cuba, the Spanish conquistadorDiego Velázquez de Cuéllar leads a group of settlers inBaracoa.
1512		Indigenous Cuban resistance leaderHatuey is burned at the stake.
1519		Havana founded as San Cristóbal de la Habana (north coast)
1523		EmperorCharles V authorizes 4,000 gold pesos for the construction of cotton mills.
1527		The first African slaves arrive in Cuba.
1532		Jobabó Slave Revolt, the first slave rebellion is crushed.
1537		A French fleet briefly occupiesHavana.
		French corsairs blockadeSantiago de Cuba.
1542		The Spanish crown abandons theencomienda colonial land settlement system.
1553		TheGovernor of Cuba relocates to Havana.
1555		French campaign against the Sudan usam
1578		French corsairs plunderBaracoa.
1586		The Englishprivateer Francis Drake lands at Cape San Antonio but does not attack.
1597		Construction of theMorro Castle fortress is completed above the eastern entrance to Havana harbor.

17th century

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Year	Date	Event
1603		Authorities decree that the sale of tobacco to foreigners is punishable by death.^{[citation needed]}
1607		Havana is named capital of Cuba.^{[citation needed]}
1607		Captaincy General of Cuba is created byPhilip III of Spain.
1628		A Dutch fleet led byPiet Heyn plunders the Spanish fleet in Havana harbor.
1649		An epidemic ofyellow fever kills a third of the island's European population.^[1]
1662		An English fleet captained byChristopher Myngs captures Santiago de Cuba to open up trade withJamaica.
1670		The English withdraw after Spain recognises England's ownership of Jamaica.
1670		Francisco Rodríguez de Ledesma [es] becomesGovernor of Cuba. He serves for ten years.

18th century

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Year	Date	Event
1728		TheUniversity of Havana is founded.
1734		Juan Francisco de Güemes [es] begins a 12-year tenure asGovernor of Cuba.
1741		British AdmiralEdward Vernon briefly capturesGuantánamo Bay, renaming it Cumberland Bay, during theWar of Jenkins' Ear. His troops withdraw after being decimated by fevers and raids from Spanish troops.
1747		Francisco Cajigal de la Vega begins a 13-year tenure asGovernor of Cuba.
1748		Construction ofHavana cathedral is completed.
1748	12 October	Battle of Havana. Skirmishes between British and Spanish fleets end indecisively on a strategic level.
1762	5 March	A massive British expedition leavesPortsmouth to capture Havana.
	30 July	British troopscapture Havana during theSeven Years' War.
		Freemasonry in Cuba begins with the British military lodge operating out of the 48th Regiment of Foot, headquartered in theBasilica of San Francisco de Asís, Havana
1763		British troops suffer atrocious losses to disease. They cede Cuba to Spain in theTreaty of Paris.
1793		Some 30,000 French refugees from a slave rebellion inSaint-Domingue, which becomes theHaitian Revolution, arrive in Cuba.
1799		Salvador de Muro y Salazar becomesGovernor of Cuba 1799–1812.

19th century

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Year	Date	Event
1809		TheRebellion of 1810 [ES] begins, one of the earliest separatist plots in Cuba.
1812	16 March	TheAponte Rebellion is launched byJosé Antonio Aponte
1812		Juan Ruíz de Apodaca becomes governor of Cuba 1812–17.
1819	22 April	Settlers from Bordeaux and Louisiana found the first European settlement atCienfuegos.
1823		The Suns and Rays of Bolívar begins theRevolution of the Suns and Rays.
1843		Leopoldo O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan becomes governor of Cuba 1843–48.
1844		Known as theYear of the Lash, when an uprising of black slaves was brutally suppressed.
1851		Thefilibustering Lopez Expedition was defeated by Spanish authorities.
1853	28 January	José Martí is born in Havana.
1862	4 February	TheBacardi company is founded inSantiago de Cuba byFacundo Bacardí Massó.
1868		The first war of Cuban independence, also known as theTen Years' War, begins. It lasts until 1878.
1868	10 October	Cry of Yara. Revolutionaries under the leadership ofCarlos Manuel de Céspedes proclaim Cuban independence.
1869	10 April	An assembly of rebels against Spanish rule adopts theGuáimaro Constitution, which remains nominally in effect until the end of the Ten Years' War.^[2] TheRepublic of Cuba in Arms begins, officially installing Carlos Manuel de Céspedes as the first President of the Republic in Arms.
1870	13–15 February	TheMassacre of San Juan de Wilson occurs.
1873	27 October	Salvador Cisneros Betancourt is installed as President of the Republic in Arms, following the ouster of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes.
1875	July	Juan Bautista Spotorno becomes President of the Republic in Arms.
1876	29 March	Tomás Estrada Palma becomes President of the Republic in Arms.
1877		Tomás Estrada Palma is captured and imprisoned by the Spanish, forcing the appointment ofFrancisco Javier de Céspedes as President of the Republic in Arms.
1877	13 December	Vicente García González becomes President of the Republic in Arms
1878	10 February	ThePact of Zanjón, promising the end of slavery in Cuba, ends the Ten Years' War.
	15 March	At the "Protest ofBaraguá," a group of Cubans reject the Pact of Zanjón, particularly the fact that it did not abolish slavery in Cuba.
	16 March	Signing of theBaraguá Constitution, installingManuel de Jesús Calvar as President of the provisional government of the Republic in Arms, andCalixto García as the Commanding General of the Army.
	21 May	The provisional government of the Republic in Arms officially dissolves.
1879	August	A second uprising,The Little War, engineered byAntonio Maceo andCalixto García, begins.
1880		TheLittle War ends.
1886	7 October	Slavery isabolished in Cuba.
1889	3 March	Conrado Walter Massaguer is born inCárdenas, Cuba
1892	5 January	José Julián Martí y Pérez forms theCuban Revolutionary party.
1895	24 February	"Grito de Baire." TheCuban War of Independence begins, under the leadership ofJosé Martí and GeneralMáximo Gómez.
	24 March	TheMontecristi Manifesto is issued by José Martí
	29 March	Antonio Maceo returns from exile
	10 April	José Martí andMáximo Gómez Baez return to Cuba
	19 May	José Martí is killed by Spanish troops at theBattle of Dos Ríos.
	August	First Eastern Campaign begins, led by GeneralissimoMáximo Gómez andAntonio Maceo
	September	Spanish Captain-GeneralArsenio Martínez Campos is defeated at Peralejo and leaves Cuba in January 1896.
	September	Cuban Junta forms in New York City
	16 September	Jimaguayú Constitution is signed, re-establishing theCuban Republic in Arms, establishing a Government Council, and re-installingSalvador Cisneros Betancourt as President.
1896	16 February	Spanish generalValeriano Weyler y Nicolau institutes the policy ofReconcentration(reconcentración) to control Cuban insurgents.
	28 February	The U.S. Senate recognizes Cubanbelligerency status
		During theFirst Eastern Campaign, Cuban rebels led byAntonio Maceo andMáximo Gómez execute a successful invasion along the length of the island.
	9 August	The United Kingdom foils Spanish attempt to organize European support for Spanish policies in Cuba
	7 December	Antonio Maceo is killed by Spanish forces.
1897		Calixto Garcia takes a series of strategic fort complexes in the East, leaving the Spanish confined to coastal cities there.
		Miguel Angiolillo assassinates Spanish Prime MinisterAntonio Cánovas del Castillo at Santa Agueda, Spain.Práxides Mateo Sagasta becomes prime minister of Spain.
	October	La Yaya Assembly convenes, drafting theLa Yaya Constitution.
	30 October	La Yaya Assembly electsBartolomé Masó as President of the Republic in Arms, andDomingo Méndez Capote as his Vice President.
	31 October	Captain GeneralRamón Blanco y Erenas replaces General Valeriano Weyler as governor-general of Cuba.
1898	1 January	Spain grants limitedautonomy to Cuba
	12 February	General Máximo Gómez issues a call to various Cuban autonomist groups for formation of a united effort against Spain.
	15 February	The battleshipUSSMaine explodes and sinks while anchored in Havana harbor.
	13 March	GeneralMáximo Gómez repels the Spanish attack at Majagua, Cuba.
	20 March	Máximo Gómez rejects an offer of Spanish Captain GeneralRamón Blanco of an alliance of theCuban Liberation Army and the Spanish forces against a United States invasion.
	2 April	Cuban revolutionaries under ColonelJ.P. Quijano defeat Spanish forces atChambas
	10 April	Spanish Governor General Blanco in Cuba suspends hostilities
	15 April	The commanders of Spanish forces, under Captain General Ramón Blanco call a council of war in Havana. Only Western commanders arrive - Eastern commanders are currently engaged in combat with the Mambises.
	21 April	De-Facto state of war between the United States and Spain.
	21 April	Spain mines Guantanamo Bay
	25 April	Spanish–American War officially begins with formal declarations of war
	30 April	Blanco resumes hostilities with Cuban Liberation Army
	23 June	TheRough Riders land in Cuba, led byLeonard Wood andTheodore Roosevelt.
	16 July	Cuban forces led by GeneralCalixto García defeat the Spanish inSantiago de Cuba.
	17 July	Spanish General Toral surrenders to U.S. GeneralWilliam Shafter. Cuban commanders are excluded from the surrender negotiations at the express insistence of American authorities.
	12 August	The Peace Protocol is signed in Washington between U.S. Secretary of StateWilliam R. Day and French AmbassadorJules Cambon, representing Spain. Cuban representatives are again absent and denied any observer status due to the U.S. government’s refusal to recognize the Republic in Arms or the legitimacy of the Cuban Liberation Army.
	20 October	Provisional Constitution created in Santiago de Cuba by U.S. military governor GeneralLeonard Wood
	24 October	The Assembly of Representatives of Santa Cruz del Sur is convened inSanta Cruz del Sur seeking to re-insert Cuban sovereignty of the island. This Assembly disbands shortly after.
	10 November	The Assembly of Representatives of the Cuban Revolution appointsRafael María Portuondo Tamayo as President of the Executive Council.
	10 December	TheTreaty of Paris between Spain and the U.S. ends theSpanish–American War. Spain relinquishes sovereignty over Cuba.
1899	1 January	The Spanish colonial government withdraws and the last captain General Alfonso Jimenez Castellano hands over power to the North American Military Governor, GeneralJohn Ruller Brooke.
1899	4 April	José Lacret Morlot succeeded Portuondo Tamayo as President of the Executive Council.
	23 December	Leonard Wood becomes U.S. Provisional Governor of Cuba.

20th century

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Year	Date	Event
1901	5 March	The U.S.Platt Amendment stipulates the conditions for the withdrawal of U.S. troops.
1901	12 June	The Constitutional Convention adopts the1901 Constitution in its final form, including the provisions of thePlatt Amendment.
1902	20 May	The Cuban Republic is established under the1901 Constitution.Tomás Estrada Palma takes office as president.
1904	28 August	Abril Lamarque is born inBanes, Cuba
1906	29 September	Under attack from defeated political rivals, PresidentTomás Estrada Palma seeks U.S. intervention and U.S. troops reoccupy Cuba under Provisional GovernorWilliam Howard Taft.
1906	13 October	Charles Magoon becomes Provisional Governor of Cuba
1908	10 May	Revista Bohemia publishes its first issue, but shuts down operations only a few issues later.
1908	31 July	Miguel Ángel Quevedo is born in Havana.
1909	28 January	U.S. occupation ends.José Miguel Gómez of the Liberal Party becomes president.
1910	7 May	Revista Bohemia re-establishes operations.
1912	May–June	The Gómez government suppresses theNegro Rebellion, a revolt on the part ofAfro-Cubans.
1913	20 May	The presidency ofMario García Menocal begins.
1914	20 February	Cuban Scouting Movement begins in the lobby ofRevista Bohemia.
1918	7 April	Cuba enters World War I on the side of the Allies. Upon Menocal's reelection,José Miguel Gómez and other Liberals launch a revolt known as theChambelona War. The U.S. intervenes on behalf of Menocal's government.
1920	1 November	TheDance of the Millions suddenly collapses, causing the follow-on collapse of the Cuban sugar market, and the crash of the Cuban economy.^[3]^[4]^[5]
1921	20 May	Alfredo Zayas becomes president.
1923	18 March	Protest of the Thirteen
1925		Abril Lamarque begins distributingMonguito, which was the firstcomic strip in the world created and written entirely in the Spanish language^[6]
	23 March	By theHay-Quesada Treaty, the U.S. recognizes Cuban sovereignty over theIsle of Pines.
	20 May	Gerardo Machado becomes president.
1926	13 August	Fidel Castro is born in the province ofHolguín.
1928	10 January	Julio Antonio Mella, a founder of the Communist Party in Cuba, is murdered in Mexico.
1928	14 June	Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, known as Che Guevara, is born inRosario,Argentina.
1930	December	TheBacardi Building finishes construction, and opens as the headquarters for theBacardi company.
1931	10 August	Old Mambi warriorsCarlos Mendieta andMario García Menocal land forces at Rio Verde in an attempt to overthrowGerardo Machado. They are defeated by 14 August in military operations that include the first use of military aviation in Cuba.
1933	27 July	TheCuban General Strike of 1933 begins
	12 August	Gerardo Machado is forced to leave Cuba in the face of violent opposition on the part ofABC andAntonio Guiteras Holmes, a general strike, and pressure from senior officers of Cuban Armed Forces and U.S. AmbassadorSumner Welles. A provisional government is established, withCarlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada as president.
	4 September	A group of military officers that includesFulgencio Batista launches theSergeants' Revolt and topples the provisional government.
	5 September	The five-day, five-man coalition government called thePentarchy of 1933 lasted through 9 Sept..
	10 September	Ramón Grau (one of the pentarchy) becomes president and continues theOne Hundred Days Government.
	2 October	Enlisted men and sergeants loyal to Batista, joined by radical elements, force Army Officers from the Hotel Nacional inheavy fighting.
	9 November	Blas Hernández, his followers, and some ABC members make a stand in old Atarés Castle. They are defeated by Batista loyalists. Hernández surrenders and is murdered.
1934	16 January	The One Hundred Days Government ends;Carlos Hevia serves briefly as president.
	18 January	Manuel Márquez Sterling is president for a few hours, followed byCarlos Mendieta.
	16 June	ABC holds a demonstration at the Havana festival and its march is attacked by radical forces, including those ofAntonio Guiteras.^{[citation needed]}
1935	8 May	Leading radicalAntonio Guiteras is betrayed and dies fighting Batista forces.
1938	September	The Communist party is legalized again.
1940	10 October	The1940 Constitution, signed by the members of the Constitutional Assembly on 1 July, takes effect. It is suspended in 1952.
1941	9–11 December	Cuba declares war on Japan, Germany, and Italy.^[7]
1942	5 September	Heinz Lüning is captured and arrested byCaptain Mariano Faget, Director of theEnemy Activities Investigation Service (SIAE).
1942	10 November	Heinz Lüning is executed by the Cuban government. He is the only German spy executed in all of Latin America duringWorld War II.
1943		The Soviet Union opens an embassy in Havana. Its first ambassador isAndrei Gromyko.^[8]
1951	5 August	Eduardo Chibás, leader of theOrtodoxo party and mentor ofFidel Castro, commits suicide during a live radio broadcast.
1952	10 March	Former president Batista, supported by the army, seizes power once more. Ex-president Prío exiled to Miami, US.
1953	26 July	Some 160 revolutionaries under the command of Fidel Castro launch an attack on theMoncada barracks inSantiago de Cuba and Cespedes barracks inBayamo
1953	16 October	On trial for his role in the attack on the Moncada barracks, Fidel Castro defends himself with a speech later published as "History Will Absolve Me".
1954	September	Che Guevara arrives in Mexico City.
1954	November	Batista dissolves parliament and is elected constitutional president unopposed.
1955	May	Batista issues an amnesty that frees Fidel and other members of his movement from prison.
1955	June	Brothers Fidel andRaúl Castro are introduced to Che Guevara in Mexico City.
1956	29 April	Autentico Assault onGoicuria Barracks in Matanzas fails.^[9]^[10]
	November	The yachtGranma sets out from Mexico to Cuba with 82 men on board, including Raúl Castro, Che Guevara andCamilo Cienfuegos.
	2 December	TheGranma lands inOriente Province.
1957	17 January	Castro's guerrillas score their first success by sacking an army outpost on the south coast, and start gaining followers in both Cuba and abroad.
	13 March	University students mount an attack on the Presidential Palace in Havana. Batista forewarned. Attackers mostly killed, others flee and are betrayed.
	28 May	Castro's 26 July movement, reinforced by militia led by Frank Pais, overwhelm an army post in El Uvero.
	19 July	Calixto Sánchez White leads a landing from the boatCorinthia atCabonico in north Oriente ofAuténtico and are defeated.
	30 July	Local police killFrank País, a leader of the 26 July movement, in the streets ofSantiago de Cuba.
	5 September	Forces loyal to Batista crush a naval revolt at Cayo Loco Naval Base inCienfuegos.^[11]
1958	February	Raúl Castro takes leadership of about 500 pre-existingEscopeteros guerrillas and opens a front in the Sierra de Cristal on Oriente's north coast.
	13 March	U.S. suspends shipments of arms to Batista's forces.
	17 March	Castro calls for a general revolt.
	9 April	A general strike, organized by the 26 July movement, is partially observed.
	May	Batista sends an army of 10,000 into theSierra Maestra to destroy Castro's 300 armed guerrillas and their supporters. By August, the rebels had defeated the army's advance and captured a huge amount of weaponry.
	20–30 November	Thirty key positions at Guisa are taken. In the following month most cities in Oriente fall to rebel hands.
	December	Guevara,William Alexander Morgan, and forces of theDirectorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo, an organization of university students, attackSanta Clara.
	28 December	Rebel forces take Santa Clara.
	31 December	Camilo Cienfuegos leads revolutionary guerrillas to victory in Yaguajay;Huber Matos enters Santiago.
1959	1 January	President Batista resigns and flees the country. Fidel Castro's column enters Santiago de Cuba. The revolutionaries startsmilitary tribunals of captured military, with some receiving the death penalty. Various urban rebels, mainly associated with Directorio, seize Havana Cuban revolutionaries call a General Strike to ensure governmental control^[12]
	2 January	Guevara andCamilo Cienfuegos arrive in Havana.
	5 January	Manuel Urrutia named President of Cuba
	8 January	Fidel Castro arrives at Havana, speaks to crowds at Camp Columbia.
	16 February	Fidel Castro becomesPremier of Cuba.
	March	Fabio Grobart is present at a series of meetings with Castro brothers, Guevara and Valdes atCojimar
	20 April	Fidel Castro speaks atPrinceton University,New Jersey.^[13]
	17 May	The Cuban government enacts theAgrarian Reform Law, seizing large (mostly corporate and foreign) holdings of agricultural land and redistributing it to smaller land owners. The new holdings are limited to 1,000 acres (4.0 km²).
	17 July	Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado becomes President of Cuba, replacingManuel Urrutia, who is forced to resign by Fidel Castro. Dorticós serves until 2 December 1976
	28 October	Plane carryingCamilo Cienfuegos disappears during a night flight fromCamagüey to Havana. He is presumed dead.
	11 December	Trial of revolutionaryHuber Matos begins. Matos is found guilty of "treason and sedition".
1960	4 March	The French freighterLa Coubre explodes while unloading in Havana harbor, and Fidel Castro calls it sabotage by the U.S. on 5 March.^[14]
	17 March	U.S. PresidentDwight Eisenhower orders CIA directorAllen Dulles to train Cuban exiles for a covert invasion of Cuba.
	6 April	U.S. Secretary of StateLester Mallory outlines objectives of embargo in a memo: "...inconspicuous as possible, makes the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government."^[15]
	5 July	All U.S. businesses and commercial property in Cuba arenationalized at the direction of the Cuban government.
	19 October	U.S. imposesembargo prohibiting all exports to Cuba except foodstuffs and medical supplies.
	31 October	Cuban nationalization of all U.S. property in Cuba is completed.^{[citation needed]}
	26 December	Operation Peter Pan (Operación Pedro Pan) begins, an operation transporting to the U.S. 14,000 children of parents opposed to the new government. The scheme continues until U.S. airports are closed to Cuban flights during 1962.
1961		U.S. trade embargo on Cuba.
	1 January	Cuban government initiates national literacy scheme.^{[citation needed]}
	March	Former rebel comandanteHumberto Sorí Marin and Catholic leaders shot.
	15 April	Bay of Pigs invasion.
	18 April	Nikita Khrushchev writes toJohn F. Kennedy to end U.S. aggression against Cuba.^[16]
1962	31 January	Cubaexpelled from theOrganization of American States.
	17 August	Central Intelligence Agency DirectorJohn McCone suggests that the Soviet Union is constructing offensive missile installations in Cuba.
	29 August	At a news conference, U.S. PresidentJohn F. Kennedy tells reporters: "I'm not for invading Cuba at this time... an action like that... could lead to very serious consequences for many people."
	31 August	President Kennedy is informed that the 29 August U-2 mission confirms the presence of surface-to-air missile batteries in Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis(1962)	16 October	McGeorge Bundy informs President Kennedy that evidence shows Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba. Kennedy immediately gathers a group that becomes known as "ExComm," the executive committee of the National Security Council.
	22 October	President Kennedyaddresses the nation on television, announcing ablockade on arms shipments to Cuba.
	23 October	U.S. establishes air and sea blockade in response to photographs of Soviet missile bases under construction in Cuba. U.S. threatens to invade Cuba if the bases are not dismantled and warns that a nuclear attack launched from Cuba would be considered a Soviet attack requiring full retaliation.
	28 October	Khrushchev agrees to remove offensive weapons from Cuba, and the U.S. agrees to remove missiles from Turkey and promises not to invade Cuba.
1962	21 November	U.S. ends Cuban blockade, satisfied that all bases are removed and Soviet jets will leave the island by 20 December.
1963	October	2nd Agrarian reform.^{[citation needed]}
1963	November	Compulsory military service introduced.^{[citation needed]}
1964		OAS enforce embargo against Cuba.
1965	28 September	Fidel announces Cubans can emigrate, which launches theCamarioca boatlift and airlift.^[17]
	3 October	The Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) become the governingCommunist Party of Cuba.
	18 October	Conrado Walter Massaguer dies inHavana
1967	9 October	Che Guevara executed inLa Higuera,Bolivia.
1968	March	All private bars and restaurants are finally closed down.^{[citation needed]}
1972		Cuba becomes a member of theCouncil for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON).
1974		Maternity leave bill introduced by the Cuban government.
1975		The Soviet Union engages in a massive airlift of Cuban forces intoAngola.
		The Family Code bill establishes the official goal of equal participation in the home.^{[citation needed]}
	July	OAS lifts the trade embargo and other sanctions.
1976	March	South African forces backing theUNITA rebel force withdraw fromAngola. It is regarded as a victory for Cuban forces.
	15 February	A referendum endorses the1976 Constitution, which institutionalizes the principles of the Cuban Revolution. It takes effect of 24 February.
	6 October	Two time bombs destroyCubana Flight 455 departing from Barbados, viaTrinidad, to Cuba. Evidence implicated several CIA-linkedanti-Castro Cuban exiles and members of theVenezuelan secret policeDISIP.
	2 December	Fidel Castro becomesPresident of Cuba.
1977	1 January	Political and administrative division divides Cuba into fourteen provinces, 168 municipalities and the special municipality ofIsla de la Juventud.
1977	May	Fifty Cuban military personnel sent to Ethiopia.^[18]
1979	21 October	Huber Matos is released from prison after serving out his full term.^[19]
1980	April–October	TheMariel Boatlift. Cuban authorities allow up to 125,000 people to depart Cuba by boat fromMariel harbor for the U.S. The Cuban and U.S. governments agree to halt the exodus in October.
1980	7 June	U.S. PresidentJimmy Carter orders the U.S. Justice Department to expel any Cubans who committed "serious crimes" in Cuba.^[20]
1983	25 October	United States invades the island ofGrenada and clash with Cuban troops.^[21]
1984		Cuba reduces its troop strength inEthiopia to approximately 3,000 from 12,000.^{[citation needed]}
1987		Law #62 on the Penal Code introduced recognising discrimination based on any reason and the violation of the right of equality as a crime.^{[citation needed]}
1989	12 July	Prominent general in the Cuban armed forcesArnaldo Ochoa is executed after allegations of involvement in drug smuggling.
1989	17 September	The last Cuban troops leave Ethiopia.^{[citation needed]}
1990	23 March	The U.S. launchesTV Marti.
1991	May	Cuba removed all troops fromAngola.
1991	26 December	Special Period: TheSoviet Union (Cuba's closest economic partner) formallydissolved, leading to a full loss of economic and military aid, causing a prolonged economic crisis through the 1990s.
1992	July	TheNational Assembly of Cuba passes the Constitutional Reform Law allowing for direct elections to the assembly by the Cuban people every five years.^[22]
1993	6 November	The Cuban government opens state enterprises to private investment.^{[citation needed]}
1994	5 August	Maleconazo: Protests break out in Havana due to economic hardships amidst the Special Period.
1996	February	Cuban authorities arrest or detain at least 150 dissidents, marking the most widespread crackdown on opposition groups since the early 1960s.^{[citation needed]}
	24 February	Cuban fighter jets shoot down two US-registered civilian aircraft over international waters, killing four men.^{[citation needed]}
	12 March	In the U.S., theHelms-Burton Act extends the U.S. embargo against Cuba to foreign companies.
1998	21 January	Pope John Paul II becomes the first Pope to visit the island.
1999		Christian anti-abortion activistOscar Elías Biscet is detained by Cuban police for organizing meetings in Havana and Matanzas.
1999	5 November	Six-year/oldElián González is found clinging to an inner tube in theStraits of Florida.
2000	14 December	Russian PresidentVladimir Putin visits Cuba and signs accords aimed at boosting bilateral ties.^{[citation needed]}

21st century

[edit]

2001	23 June	Fidel Castro almost faints following a televised speech.^{[citation needed]}
2002	January	Russia's last military base in Cuba, at Lourdes, closes.^{[citation needed]}
	6 May	U.S. Under Secretary of StateJohn R. Bolton accuses Cuba of trying to develop biological weapons, adding the country to Washington's list of "axis of evil" countries.
	12 May	Former U.S. PresidentJimmy Carter visits Cuba. He praises theVarela project and criticizes the U.S. embargo.^{[citation needed]}
2003	April	The Cuban government arrests 78 writers and dissidents, blaming U.S. provocation and interference fromJames Cason, the chief of theUnited States Interests Section in Havana.
2005	20 May	Around 200 dissidents hold a public meeting, which its organizers call the first such gathering since the 1959 revolution.^[23]
2005	7 July	Hurricane Dennis causes widespread destruction in Cuba and leaves 16 people dead.
2006	31 July	Raúl Castro assumes the duties of president of the State Council while Fidel Castro recovers from an emergency operation.
2008	19 February	Fidel Castro resigns asPresident of the Council of State.^[24]
2008	24 February	Raúl is elected president of the State Council by the National Assembly.^[25]
2011	19 April	Raúl Castro succeeds Fidel Castro asFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, making him the most powerful person in Cuba.
2014	17 December	Cuban Thaw: U.S. President Barack Obama and Raúl Castro re-establish diplomatic ties between the two countries.^[26]
2016	20 March	U.S. President Barack Obama begins a three-day visit to Cuba.^[27]
2016	25 November	Thedeath of Fidel Castro is announced. "The commander in chief of the Cuban revolution died at 22:29 hours this evening [03:29 GMT 25 November]."
2017	16 June	U.S. PresidentDonald Trump cancels the previous administration's diplomatic agreements with Cuba, ending the Cuban Thaw.
2020	11 March	Cuba confirms its first case ofCOVID-19.^[28]
2021	19 April	Miguel Díaz-Canel succeeds Raul Castro asFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, becoming the first non-Castro leader of the country since the Cuban Revolution.^[29]
2021	11–17 July	The largest protest against the Cuban communist government since 1959 breaks out due to shortages amidst the severe crisis and theCOVID-19 pandemic, before being suppressed by the government.
2022	25 September	Cuba holds areferendum on amending the Family Code of the Constitution, legalizing same-sex marriage and adoption. The referendum is passed with 66.85% of votes in favor.

References

[edit]

^Cumo, Christopher (25 February 2015).The Ongoing Columbian Exchange: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History. ABC-CLIO.ISBN 978-1-61069-796-5.
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Bibliography

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George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cuba",A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.,hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cuba",Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.,hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
Hugh Thomas Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (Paperback) Da Capo Press; Updated edition (April 1998)ISBN 0-306-80827-7
"Cuba".Political Chronology of the Americas.Europa Publications. 2001.ISBN 978-1-85743-118-6.
Leopoldo Fornés Bonavía (2003).Cuba, cronología: cinco siglos de historia, política y cultura (in Spanish). Madrid:Editorial Verbum [es].ISBN 978-84-7962-248-0.
Clifford L. Staten (2005)."Timeline of Historical Events".History of Cuba. Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN 978-1-4039-6259-1.

External links

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"Cuba Profile: Timeline". BBC News. May 2018.
Cuba timeline : Cold War Chronology Educator guide. Accessed 5 October 2006.
"Fidel Castro, Cuba's leader of revolution, dies at 90". BBC News. 26 November 2016.

v t e Years inCuba (1868–present)
19th century	1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Cuban_history&oldid=1297314780"

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