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The purpose of thistimeline is to give a detailed historical account of the real historical events ofChristianity from the beginning of the current era (CE /AD) to the present. A.D. is the abbreviation of the Latin term "anno Domini" which translates to "the year of our Lord". Among English speakers, A.D. was used with the words spelled out in Latin or in English on official documents and private letters before the 21st century. Question marks ('?') below on dates indicate approximate dates. Christian events include miracles and fufilled Hebrew prophecies.
Theyear one is the first year in theChristian calendar (there is noyear zero), which is the calendar presently used (in unison with theGregorian calendar) almost everywhere in the world. Traditionally, this was held to be the yearJesus was born; however, most modern scholars argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon being between 6 BC and 4 BC.
Jesus began hisministry after his baptism by John and during the rule of Pilate, preaching: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matthew 4:12–17). Non-Catholic historians and the Catholic Church teaches that the gospel accounts depict historic events. While thehistoricity of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by somecritical scholars and non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry:
Second Coming Prophecy to fulfill the rest ofMessianic prophecy such as theResurrection of the dead, theLast Judgment, and establishment of theKingdom of God and theMessianic Age.
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Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Nisan 14 or 15), theJerusalem church was founded as the firstChristian church with about 120 Jews and JewishProselytes (Acts 1:15), followed by the events of
| Year | Date | History | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37–41 | Crisis underCaligula is seen as the first clear conflict between Rome and the Jews.[8] | ||
| Before 44 | Epistle of James is written byJames the Great, originally inKoine Greek. |  | |
| 44? | Death ofSaint James the Great - According toa medieval tradition, on 2th of January of the year 40 AD,the Virgin Mary appeared to James on apillar on the bank of theEbro River atCaesaraugusta, while he was preaching the Gospel in Spain. Following that vision,St. James returned to Judea, where he was beheaded byKing Herod Agrippa I in the year 44 AD during aPassover. Herod then proceeded to arrestSt. Peter (Nisan 15) (Acts 12:1–3). |  | |
| 44 | The death ofHerod Agrippa I (Last king of Judea) occurred when an angel of the Lord struck him down, resulting in him being eaten by worms and dying.[9] (Acts 12:20–23) |  | |
| 44–46? | Theudas was beheaded byProcuratorCuspius Fadus for saying he would part the Jordan River (likeMoses with the Red Sea orJoshua with the Jordan). After him,Judas the Galilean rose up at the time of the census and gathered followers; he also perished, and all who followed him were scattered.[10] (Acts 5:36–37 places it before theCensus of Quirinius) | ||
| 45–49? | Mission ofBarnabas and Paul, (Acts 13:1–14:28) to Cyprus,Pisidian Antioch,Iconium,Lystra andDerbe (there they were called "gods ... in human form"), then return to SyrianAntioch:Map1 | ||
| 47 | TheChurch of the East is created bySaint Thomas in the Persian Empire (modern-day Iraq and Iran) | ||
| 48 | Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15). Gentile Christians accepted alongside those in the Jewish tradition. | ||
| 48–100 | Herod Agrippa II appointedKing of the Jews byClaudius, seventh and last of theHerodians |  | |
| 49 | Claudius expelled the Jews from Rome, stating, "the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus."[11] (referenced inActs 18:2)[12] |  | |
| 50 | Passover riot inJerusalem, 20,000–30,000 killed[13][14] | ||
| 50? | Council of Jerusalem and the "Apostolic Decree" ofActs 15:1–35, same asGalatians 2:1–10?, which is followed by theIncident at Antioch[15] at which Paul publicly accuses Peter of "Judaizing" (2:11–21); see alsoCircumcision controversy in early Christianity | ||
| 50–53? | St. Paul's 2nd mission (Acts 15:36–18:22), split with Barnabas, to Phrygia, Galatia, Macedonia, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth, "he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken", then return to Antioch;1 Thessalonians,Galatians written?Map2.Lydia of Thyatira, a seller of purple, becomes the first European Christian convert[16](Acts 16:11-15) | ||
| 51–52 or 52–53 | Proconsulship ofGallio according to an inscription, only fixed date in chronology of Paul[17] | ||
| 52 | November 21 | St. Thomas the Apostle lands in India.[18][19][20] Establishes churches atKodungalloor,Palayoor,Paraur,Kottakkav,Kokkamangalam,Nilakkal,Niranam andKollam |  |
| 53–57? | St. Paul's 3rd mission, (Acts 18:23–22:30), to Galatia, Phrygia, Corinth, Ephesus, Macedonia, Greece, and Jerusalem whereJames the Just challenges him about rumor of teachingantinomianism (21:21); he addresses a crowd in their language (most likelyAramaic);Romans,1 Corinthians,2 Corinthians,Philippians written?Map3 | ||
| 55? | "Egyptian Prophet" (allusion to Moses) and 30,000 unarmed Jews doingThe Exodus reenactment massacred byProcuratorAntonius Felix,[21][22]Acts 21:38) | ||
| 58? | St. Paul arrested, accused of being arevolutionary, "ringleader of the sect of theNazarenes", teachingresurrection of the dead, imprisoned inCaesarea (Acts 23–26) | ||
| 59? | After St. Paul was shipwrecked on Malta, he was called a god. (Acts 28:6) | ||
| 60? | St. Paul in Rome was greeted by many "brothers". Three days later, he called together the Jewish leaders, who had not received any word from Judea about him but were curious about "this sect," which was spoken against everywhere. He tried to convince them from the "law andprophets", with partial success. He said the Gentiles would listen and spent two years proclaiming theKingdom of God and teaching "the Lord Jesus Christ"(Acts 28:15–31);Epistle to Philemon written? | ||
| 60–65 | The early date for the writing of theFirst Epistle of Peter is debated among scholars, but it is generally believed to have been written around this date. (written by Peter) | ||
| 62 | James the Just is stoned to death for law transgression byHigh PriestAnanus ben Artanus. Popular opinion against this act resulted in Ananus being deposed by the new procuratorLucceius Albinus[23] |  | |
| 63–107? | Simeon, 2ndBishop of Jerusalem, crucified underTrajan |  | |
| 64–68 | after July 18Great Fire of Rome;Nero blames andpersecutes theChristians (or Chrestians[24]), possibly the earliest mention ofChristians by that name, in Rome; see alsoTacitus on Jesus; Paul beheaded? (Col 1:24,Eph 3:13,2 Tim 4:6–8,1Clem 5:5-7), Petercrucified upside-down? (Jn 21:18,1 Pet 5:13,Tertullian's Prescription Against Heretics chapter XXXVI,Eusebius' Church History Book III chapter I), "...a vast multitude, were convicted, not so much of the crime of incendiarism as of hatred of the human race. And in their deaths they were made the subjects of sport; for they were wrapped in the hides of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, or nailed to crosses, or set on fire, and when day declined, were burned to serve for nocturnal lights." (Annals (Tacitus) XV.44) | ||
| 64/67(?)–76/79(?) | Pope Linus succeeds Peter as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome) | ||
| 64 | TheEpistle to the Hebrews written by an Unknown Author | ||
| 65 | TheQ document, a hypothetical Greek text thought by many critical scholars to have been used in the writing ofMatthew andLuke | ||
| 66–73 | First Jewish–Roman War: destruction ofHerod's Temple and end of Judaism according toSupersessionism;Qumran community (site ofDead Sea Scrolls found in 1947) destroyed | ||
| 70(+/–10)? | Gospel of Mark, written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter (1 Peter 5:13), The original ending of the gospel is believed to be lost, and additional endings were added around c. 400 (Mark 16) |  | |
| 70? | TheSigns Gospel written, hypothetical Greek text used in theGospel of John to prove Jesus is the Messiah |  | |
| 70–100? | AdditionalPauline Epistles(??) | ||
| 70-132 | TheEpistle of Barnabas (Apostolic Fathers) | ||
| 70–200? | TheGospel of Thomas, theJewish-Christian Gospels: theGospel of the Ebionites, theGospel of the Hebrews, theGospel of the NazarenesWill come back to edit this |  | |
| 72 | July 3 | Martyrdom ofSt. Thomas the Apostle at Chinnamala,Mylapore, Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | |
| 76/79(?)–88 | Pope Anacletus: first Greek Pope, who succeeds Linus as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome) | _-_sacristy_-_Papa_Cleto_-_1592-1593_-_by_Palma_il_Giovane.jpg) | |
| 80(+/-20) | theDidache written in Koine Greek | ||
| 80(+/-20)? | TheGospel of Matthew, based on Mark and Q, most popular inEarly Christianity |  | |
| 80(+/-20)? | TheGospel of Luke, based on Mark and Q, alsoActs of the Apostles by same author | .jpg) | |
| 80(+/-20)? | ThePastoral Epistles written (possible post-Pauline authorship) | ||
| 88–101? | Clement, fourthBishop of Rome: wroteLetter of the Romans to the Corinthians (Apostolic Fathers) | ||
| 90? | Council of Jamnia of Judaism (disputed);Domitian applies theFiscus Judaicus tax even to those who merely "lived like Jews"[25] | ||
| 90(+/-10)? | The late date for the writing of1 Peter (associate of Peter as author) | ||
| 94 | Testimonium Flavianum, disputed section ofJewish Antiquities byJosephus inAramaic, translated toKoine Greek | ||
| 95(+/-30)? | TheGospel of John and theEpistles of John | ||
| 90 | TheBook of Revelation written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his | ||
| 96 | Nerva modifies theFiscus Judaicus, from then on, practicing Jews must pay taxes while Christians do not[26] | ||
| 98–117? | Ignatius, thirdBishop of Antioch, fed to the lions in theRoman Colosseum, advocated theBishop (Eph 6:1, Mag 2:1,6:1,7:1,13:2, Tr 3:1, Smy 8:1,9:1), rejectedSabbath on Saturday in favor of "The Lord's Day" (Sunday). (Mag 9.1), rejectedJudaizing (Mag 10.3), first recorded use of the term catholic (Smy 8:2). | ||
| 100(+/-10)? | TheEpistle of Jude was likely written by Jude, a doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6:3). It was rejected by some early Christians due to its reference to the apocryphalBook of Enoch. |
Constantine called theFirst Council of Nicaea in 325 to unifyChristology, also called the first great Christian council byJerome, the firstecumenical, decreed theOriginal Nicene Creed, but rejected byNontrinitarians such asArius,Theonas,Secundus of Ptolemais,Eusebius of Nicomedia, andTheognis of Nicaea who wereexcommunicated, also addressedEaster controversy and passed 20Canon laws such as Canon VII which granted special recognition toJerusalem.
When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea.
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