This is atimeline ofBrazilian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Brazil and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, seeHistory of Brazil.
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1000 | Marajoara culture flourishes as an Amazonian center.[1] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1492–1502 | Voyages of Christopher Columbus: navigatorChristopher Columbus, sailing in the employ ofCastile andAragon, departed fromPalos de la Frontera in search of a westward route to theEast Indies.[2] | |
| 1494 | 7 June | Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain and Portugal divide theNew World between themselves.[3] Even though the treaty was negotiated without consulting the Pope, a few sources call the resulting line the "Papal Line of Demarcation".[4] |
| 1500 | Spanish navigatorVicente Yáñez Pinzónlands in the coast of Brazil but is prevented from claiming it by the Treaty of Tordesillas.[5][6][7][8][9] | |
| 22 April | Portuguese navigatorPedro Álvares Cabral officiallydiscovers Brazil and claims the land for theKingdom of Portugal. He has 13 vessels with him.[10][11] | |
| 18 July | Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville describes experiences onAlonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. The letter is notable for its description of the Brazilian coast and its inhabitants.[12] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1502 | 1 January | Portuguese explorers, led either byGaspar de Lemos orGonçalo Coelho, sail intoGuanabara Bay, Brazil, which they nameRio de Janeiro. |
| Beginning of the exploitation ofbrazilwood.[13] | ||
| TheTrindade and Martin Vaz Islands are discovered in 1502 by Portuguese navigators led byEstêvão da Gama, and, along with Brazil, became part of thePortuguese Empire. | ||
| 1503 | 10 August | TheFernando de Noronha island is discovered by a Portuguese expedition, organized and financed by a private commercial consortium headed by the Lisbon merchantFernão de Loronha. The expedition is under the overall command of captain Gonçalo Coelho and carries the Italian adventurerAmerigo Vespucci aboard, who writes an account of it.[14] |
| 1516 | The firstsugar cane mills appear in Pernambuco.[15] | |
| 1527 | Cristóvão Jacques imprisons three French galleons in Recôncavo, Bahia. But having acted with barbarity towards the prisoners, this gesture eventually caused him major problems withDom João III.[16] | |
| 1530–1533 | Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition patrols the Brazilian coast, banishes the French, and creates the first colonial town:São Vicente.[17] | |
| 1531 | Bertrand d'Ornesan tries to establish a French trading post at Pernambuco.[18] | |
| 1532 | 22 January | São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil.[19] |
| 1534 | TheCaptaincies of Brazil are established by King Dom João III.Colonial Brazil is divided into fifteencaptaincies[20][21][22][23] | |
| 1534–1536 | Iguape War in the region of São Vicente.[24] | |
| 1537 | 12 March | The Portuguese establishRecife in Pernambuco, in the Northeast of Brazil.[25] |
| 1539–1542 | The first African slaves arrive in Pernambuco.[26] | |
| 1549 | 29 March | The city ofSalvador, Brazil's first capital, is founded byTomé de Sousa.[27] |
| 1551 | Portugal founds a sugar colony at Bahia. | |
| 1554 | 25 January | MissionariesJoseph of Anchieta andManuel da Nóbrega establishSão Paulo, then namedSão Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga, in southeastBrazil.[19] |
| 1557 | German adventurerHans Staden publishes a widely translated account of his detention by theTupi people of Brazil,Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der Wilden Nacketen, Grimmigen Menschfresser-Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen ("True Story and Description of a Country of Wild, Naked, Grim, Man-eating People in the New World, America").[28] | |
| 1560 | 17 March | Fort Coligny onVillegagnon Island in Rio de Janeiro is attacked and destroyed during the Portuguese campaign againstFrance Antarctique.[29] |
| 1565 | 1 March | Estácio de Sá founds Rio de Janeiro as São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro.[30] |
| 1580 | 25 March | Iberian Union: KingPhilip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal under the name Philip I, following the death without heirs of KingHenry of Portugal, in apersonal union of the crowns, thus maintaining Portuguese independence (in Europe and throughout the Portuguese Empire, including Brazil). ThePhilippine Dynasty rule lasts until 1640.[31] |
| 1588–1591 | English privateerThomas Cavendish lootsSantos and São Vicente before losing most of the crew in a battle against the Portuguese at the village ofVitória.[32][33] | |
| 1595 | 30 March – April | Anglo–Spanish War: an English military expedition led byJames Lancastercaptures Recife.[34][35] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1608 | Thornton expedition: a Tuscan expedition under CaptainRobert Thornton, sent byFerdinando I of Tuscany to explorenorthern Brazil and theAmazon River and prepare for the establishment of a settlement in northern coastal South America, which would serve as a base to export Brazilian wood toRenaissance Italy.[36] which would be colonised by France in 1630. The expedition was the only attempt by an Italian state to colonise the Americas.[37] | |
| 1612 | 8 September | São Luís is founded by the French, who intend to make it the center of theEquinoctial France. They build a fort namedSaint-Louis de Maragnan after KingLouis XIII and his Saintly ancestorLouis IX.[38][39] |
| 1616 | 6-year-oldAntónio Vieira arrives from Portugal, with his parents, in Salvador in Colonial Brazil where he will become a diplomat, noted author, leading figure of theChurch, and protector of local indigenous peoples. | |
| PhysicianAleixo de Abreu is granted a pension of 16,000 reis for services to the crown in Angola and Brazil byPhilip III of Spain, who also appoints him physician of his chamber.[40] | ||
| A slave ship carriessmallpox from theKingdom of Kongo to Salvador.[41] | ||
| 12 January | The city ofBelém, Brazil, is founded on the Amazon River delta by the Portuguese captainFrancisco Caldeira Castelo Branco, who had previously taken the city of São Luís in Maranhão from the French.[42][43] | |
| 1624 | TheDutch West India Company invades the Portuguese colony of Bahia in Brazil.[44] | |
| 1625 | 30 April | The Portugueserecapture Salvador from the Dutch, with the help of a combined Spanish and Portuguese force, consisting of 52 ships and 12,500 men.[45] |
| 1630 | The Dutch West India Company invades the Portuguese colony ofPernambuco and foundsDutch Brazil. | |
| 1631 | 12 September | Eighty Years' War: a Spanish fleet under the command of admiralAntonio de Oquendo defeats a Dutch fleet off the coast of Brazil in theBattle of Albrolhos. |
| 1641 | The firstRio Carnival happens to celebrateDom João IV's coronation as king of Portugal.[46] | |
| 11 March | Guaraní forces living in theJesuit missions defeatbandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at theBattle of Mbororé in present-dayPanambí, Argentina. | |
| 1642 | Isaac Aboab da Fonseca is appointed rabbi in Pernambuco, thus becoming the first rabbi of the Americas.[47] | |
| 1644 | 6 May | Johan Mauritius resigns as Governor of Dutch Brazil.[48] |
| 1648 | 19 April | First Battle of Guararapes: the Portuguese army defeats the Dutch army in northeast Brazil.[49] |
| 1649 | 19 February | Second Battle of Guararapes: decisive Portuguese victory against the Dutch in northeast Brazil.[50] |
| 1654 | After several years of open warfare, the Dutch withdraw from Brazil; the Portuguese paid off a war debt in payments of salt. | |
| 1661 | Treaty of The Hague: theDutch Republic recognizes Portuguese imperial sovereignty overNew Holland (Dutch Brazil).[51] | |
| 1684 | Beckman Revolt in Maranhão.[52] | |
| 1693 | Gold is found near modern-day cities ofSabará,Caeté andOuro Preto, beginning of theBrazilian Gold Rush.[53] | |
| 1694 | 6 February | The runaway slave colony ofQuilombo dos Palmares is destroyed.[54] |
| 8 March | TheCasa da Moeda do Brasil is established by the Portuguese in Salvador.[55][56] | |
| 1695 | 20 November | Quilombo dos Palmares rulerZumbi is captured and beheaded.[57][58][59] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1707–1709 | War of the Emboabas in modern-dayMinas Gerais.[60][61][62] | |
| 1710–1711 | TheMascate War pits merchants ofRecife against the planters of nearbyOlinda.[63] | |
| 1711 | São Paulo officially becomes a city.[64] | |
| 1720 | 28 June | TheVila Rica Revolt, also known as the Filipe dos Santos Revolt, was held against thePortuguese Crown.[65] |
| 12 September | The Captaincy of Minas Gerais is established, after being separated from the Captaincy of São Paulo and Minas de Ouro. | |
| 1722 | Expedition led by thesecond Anhanguera discovers gold in present-dayGoiás.[66] | |
| 1727 | Lt. Col. Francisco de Mello Palheta smuggles coffee seeds to Brazil in a bouquet, starting a coffee empire. | |
| 1750 | 13 January | TheTreaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal authorizes a larger Brazil than had the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.[67][68] |
| 1756 | February | TheGuaraní War takes place between theGuaraní tribes of seven Jesuit missions and joint Spanish-Portuguese forces.[69] |
| 1759 | Jesuits are expelled from Brazil by theMarquis of Pombal. Indians left without protection.[70] | |
| 1763 | The capital of Colonial Brazil is transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro, which is located closer to the mining region and provides a harbor to ship the gold to Europe.[71] | |
| 1772 | The Kingdom of Portugal divides its colony of theState of Great-Pará and Maranhão into theState of Great-Pará (capital,Belém) and theState of Maranhão (capital, São Luis). | |
| 1775 | The Kingdom of Portugal reunites its South American colonies of theState of Brazil, theState of Great-Pará, and theState of Maranhão into the Colony of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is the capital. | |
| 1788–1789 | Inconfidência Mineira, conspiracy against the colonial authorities in Brazil.[citation needed] | |
| 1792 | 21 April | Tiradentes, prime figure in the Inconfidência Mineira plot, is executed in Rio de Janeiro.[72] |
| 1798 | Revolt of the Alfaiates in Bahia.[73] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1807 | 29 November | The Portuguese QueenMaria I and the Court embark atLisbon bound for Brazil. Rio de Janeiro becomes the capital of the Portuguese Empire.[74] |
| 1808 | 22 January | The Braganza Royal Familyarrives in Brazil, fleeing from the French army.[75][76] |
| 13 June | TheRio de Janeiro Botanical Garden is founded by KingJohn VI of Portugal.[77] | |
| 12 October | Banco do Brasil is founded by then prince regent John (later King John VI of Portugal) to finance the kingdom's public debt.[78] | |
| 1809 | 6–14 January | Napoleonic Wars: Brazilian and Portuguese forcesconquerFrench Guiana.[79] |
| 1812 | The first official group of Chinese immigrants to Brazil for Tea planters in Rio de Janeiro during the period of the Portuguese Royal family in Brazil. | |
| 1815 | TheUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves is established under Queen Maria I. Brazil is elevated from the status of Portuguese colony to a constituent kingdom of the united kingdom. | |
| 1817 | March | TheFrench Artistic Mission in Brazil comes to Rio de Janeiro.[80] |
| 13 May | Prince Pedro is married by proxy toMaria Leopoldina of Austria.[81] | |
| ThePernambuco Revolt breaks out.[82] | ||
| 1819 | 4 November | The first 1,400 non-Portuguese immigrants arrive from Switzerland.[83] |
| 1821 | Portugal enters asevere political crisis that obliges John VI and the royal family to return to Portugal.[84] | |
| 1822 | 9 January | Prince regent Pedro of Braganza refuses to comply with the Portuguese cortes order to return to Portugal (Dia do Fico).[85] |
| 7 September | Prince Pedro proclaims theBrazilian independence on 7 September. | |
| 1 December | Prince Pedro is crowned as emperor Pedro I of Brazil. | |
| 1822–1825 | Brazilian War of Independence.[86] | |
| 1824 | Confederation of the Equator rebellion in the Northeast.[87][88][89] | |
| TheConstitution of 1824 is adopted.[90] | ||
| 26 May | The United States become the first country to recognize the independence of Brazil.[91] | |
| 1825 | 13 January | Frei Caneca and other leaders of the Confederation of the Equator rebellion are executed in Recife.[92] |
| 25 August | Uruguay is declared independent of theEmpire of Brazil by theThirty-Three Orientals, a militant revolutionary group led byJuan Antonio Lavalleja. | |
| 1826 | 11 December | Empress Maria Leopoldina dies after suffering a miscarriage.[93] |
| 1828 | 26 April | Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed between Brazil and Denmark, establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries.[94] |
| 9–11 July | Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' revolt rebellion breaks out.[95] | |
| 2 August | Dom Pedro I is married by proxy toAmélie of Leuchtenberg.[96][97] | |
| 27 August | Treaty of Montevideo: Brazil and Argentina recognize theindependence of Uruguay.[98] | |
| 1831 | 7 April | Dom Pedro Iabdicates in favor of his 5-year-old sonDom Pedro II, who will reign for almost 59 years. Theregency period begins. |
| 7 November | Slave trading is forbidden in Brazil, the law is largely ignored.[99] | |
| 1834 | 12 August | TheAdditional Act provides for the establishment of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, extinction of the State Council, replacement of the Triumviral Regency, and introduction of a direct and secret ballot.[100] |
| 24 September | Former Brazilian emperor Pedro I dies inLisbon. | |
| 1835 | January | Malê revolt in Salvador.[101] |
| 20 September | Ragamuffin War begins inRio Grande do Sul with thecapture of Porto Alegre. | |
| 1836 | 11 September | TheRiograndense Republic is proclaimed in southern Brazil following the battle of Seival. |
| 1838–1841 | Balaiada revolt in Maranhão. | |
| 1840 | 23 July | Pedro II is prematurely declared "of age" and begins to reassert central control in Brazil. |
| Last remaining rebel group of theCabanagem revolt, under the leadership of Gonçalo Jorge de Magalhães, surrenders. | ||
| 1841 | 18 July | Coronation ceremony of emperor Pedro II of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. |
| 1842 | Liberal rebellions of 1842.[102][103][104] | |
| 1843 | 20 January | Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, becomesde facto firstprime minister of the Empire of Brazil. |
| 4 September | The Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil marries DonaTeresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies in a state ceremony inRio de Janeiro Cathedral. | |
| 1845 | 1 March | Ragamuffin War: peace negotiations led byLima e Silva andAntônio Vicente da Fontoura conclude with the signing of the Ponche Verde Treaty between the two sides, inDom Pedrito. |
| 9 August | TheAberdeen Act is passed by theParliament of the United Kingdom empowering the BritishRoyal Navy to search Brazilian ships as part of the abolition of theslave trade from Africa. | |
| 1847 | 11 June | Afonso dies at age two, leaving his father Pedro II without a male heir.[105][106] |
| 1848–1849 | Praieira revolt in Pernambuco.[107] | |
| 1850 | 4 September | Eusébio de Queirós Law abolishes the international slave trade in the country.[108] |
| 1851–1852 | ThePlatine War ends and the Empire of Brazil has the hegemony over South America.[109][110] | |
| 1852 | 3 February | Platine War:Battle of Caseros, Argentina: the Argentine provinces ofEntre Rios andCorrientes allied with Brazil and members ofColorado Party of Uruguay, defeat theArgentine Confederation underJuan Manuel de Rosas. |
| 1854 | 30 April | The first railway in Brazil is inaugurated by Pedro II in Rio de Janeiro, built by industrialistIrineu Evangelista de Sousa.[111] |
| 1859 | 5 May | Border Treaty between Brazil and Venezuela: the two countries agree their borders should be traced at the water divide between the Amazon and theOrinoco basins.[112] |
| 1862 | 26 June | Brazil adopts theMetric system.[113] |
| 1864 | 7 October | American Civil War:Bahia incident:USSWachusett illegally captures theCSS Florida Confederate raider while in port in Bahia, Brazil, in violation of Brazilian neutrality. |
| 1864–1865 | Uruguayan War: forces of the Empire of Brazil invade Uruguay in support ofVenancio Flores' Colorado Party. | |
| 1865 | 1 May | TheTriple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed; theParaguayan War begins. |
| 11 June | Paraguayan War:Battle of Riachuelo: theImperial Brazilian Navy squadron defeats the Paraguayan Navy on the Riachuelo stream. | |
| 1867 | 27 March | TheTreaty of Ayacucho is signed between theEmpire of Brazil andBolivia, Brazil assigns the land ofAcre to Bolivia in exchange for 102,400 sq kilometers of territory further annexed to theAmazonas. |
| 1868 | 5 January | Paraguayan War: Brazilian Army commander Luís Alves de Lima e Silva entersAsunción, Paraguay's capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless,Francisco Solano López, Paraguay's president, prepares guerrillas to fight in the countryside. |
| 6 December | Paraguayan War:Battle of Ytororó: Field-Marshal Luís Alves de Lima e Silva leads 13,000 Brazilian troops against a Paraguayan fortified position of 5,000 troops. | |
| 1870 | 1 March | End of the Paraguayan War. Francisco Solano López is defeated and killed in theBattle of Cerro Corá. |
| 1871 | 7 March | José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, becomes Prime Minister of the Empire of Brazil, serving for 4 years. |
| 28 September | Law of Free Birth, orRio Branco Law, is passed by the Brazilian Parliament, intending to provide freedom to all newborn children of slaves, and slaves of the state or crown.[114][115] | |
| 1872 | 9 January | In the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, the new government of Paraguaymakes peace with Brazil, granting reparations and territorial concessions. |
| Brazil conducts itsfirst official census, the population is 9,930,478.[116] | ||
| 1873–1874 | Revolt of the Muckers in Rio Grande do Sul.[117] | |
| 1876 | 28 April | Francisco, a slave, becomes the last person to be executed in Brazil, after murdering his masters, being hanged inPilar, Alagoas. |
| 1877–1878 | Grande Seca (Great Drought) in Northeastern Brazil.[118] | |
| 1882 | Brazilian Anthropological Exhibition of 1882.[119] | |
| 1883 | 30 September | Mossoró, in the province ofRio Grande do Norte, is the first city in Brazil to abolish slavery.[120] |
| 1885 | 28 September | Sexagenarian Law, or Saraiva-Cotegipe Law, which frees slaves over the age of 60, is passed. |
| 1888 | 13 May | TheLei Áurea abolishes the last remnants ofslavery.[114][115][121] |
| 1889 | 15 November | Field MarshalDeodoro da Fonseca organizes a military coup which deposes Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and abolishes the Brazilian monarchy. Deodoro da Fonsecaproclaims Brazil a Republic and forms a Provisional Government. |
| 17 November | TheBrazilian Imperial Family is forced into exile in France. | |
| 19 November | The modern-dayflag of Brazil is adopted by the Provisional Government of the Republic. | |
| 20 November | Argentina is the first country to recognize the abolition of the monarchy in Brazil. | |
| 1891 | November | First revolt of the Armada.[122] |
| 15 November | The constitution of theFirst Brazilian Republic is promulgated. | |
| 23 November | President Deodoro da Fonseca resigns as a consequence of the first revolt of the Armada, vice presidentFloriano Peixoto succeeds to the presidency. | |
| 5 December | Deposed emperor Dom Pedro II dies inParis, France aged 66.[123] | |
| 1893 | AmericanJames Harden-Hickey claimed theTrindade island and declares himself as James I, Prince ofTrinidad.[124][125][126] According to James Harden-Hickey's plans, Trinidad, after being recognized as an independent country, would become a military dictatorship and have him as dictator.[127] He designed postage stamps, a national flag, and a coat of arms; established a chivalric order, the "Cross of Trinidad"; bought aschooner to transport colonists; appointed M. le Comte de la Boissiere as Secretary of State; opened a consular office at 217 West 36th Street in New York; and even issuedgovernment bonds to finance construction of infrastructure on the island. Despite his plans, his idea was ridiculed or ignored by the world.[128][129][130][131][132][133] | |
| 1893–1894 | November | Second revolt of the Armada.[134] |
| 1894 | January | Rio de Janeiro Affair: a series of incidents during the Brazilian Naval Revolt. |
| 27 June | Federalist Revolution:Battle of Passo Fundo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul | |
| 15 September | Inauguration ofPrudente de Morais as president.[135] | |
| 1895 | The Federalist Revolution comes to an end. | |
| July | The British again tried to take possession of the strategic Trindade island in the Atlantic.[127] The British planned to use the island as a cable station.[127] However, Brazilian diplomatic efforts, along with Portuguese support, reinstated Trindade Island to Brazilian sovereignty. | |
| 5 November | Japan establishes diplomatic relations with Brazil.[136][137] | |
| 17 November | Flamengo, a well known professional football club in Brazil, is officially founded.[138] | |
| 1897 | 24 January | In order to clearly demonstrate sovereignty over the Trindade island, now part of the State ofEspírito Santo and the municipality ofVitória, a landmark is built. Nowadays, Brazilian presence is marked by a permanentBrazilian Navy base on the main island. |
| 5 October | Canudos War: after a long siege, Brazilian government troops takeCanudos in Northeastern Brazil, crushingAntônio Conselheiro and his followers. | |
| 12 October | The City ofBelo Horizonte, Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilianplanned city is completed successfully. | |
| 1898 | 1 March | In thepresidential election,Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales of theRepublican Party of São Paulo, is successful, with 90.9% of the vote.[139] |
| 1899 | 14 July | The FirstRepublic of Acre is declared. |
| 1900 | 25 April | The Republic of Acre is reincorporated into Bolivia, with Brazilian help.[140] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 19 October | AviatorAlberto Santos-Dumont wins theDeutsch de la Meurthe prize with a flight that rounds theEiffel Tower.[141] |
| 1902 | 1 March | Presidential election: Rodrigues Alves of the Republican Party of São Paulo receives 91.7% of the vote.[142] Francisco Silviano de Almeida Brandão is elected vice president, but dies suddenly before the start of his term of office. |
| 26 October | Thefirst season of competitive football in Brazil concludes with a victory forSão Paulo Athletic Club. | |
| 3 December | José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco, is appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. His ten-year tenure would be the longest in the country's history.[143] | |
| 1903 | 11 November | TheTreaty of Petrópolis ends tension between Brazil and Bolivia over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre (today theAcre state).[144] |
| 1904 | 14 October | TheNational Congress of Brazil approves a large naval acquisition programme.[145] |
| 10–16 November | Vaccine Revolt in Rio de Janeiro.[146] | |
| TheEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil is founded in Rio Grande do Sul.[147] | ||
| Ford begin selling cars in Brazil. | ||
| 1905 | 30 December | Law no. 1452 is passed by theNational Congress of Brazil, authorizing expenditure of £4,214,550 for new warship construction (£1,685,820 in 1906).[148] |
| 1906 | 21 January | The Brazilian battleshipAquidabã sinks, after its powder magazines explode, near the Jacuacanga strait, inAngra dos Reis bay. A total of 212 people are killed, including three admirals and most of the ship's officers; 98 survive.[149] |
| 1 March | In thepresidential election,Afonso Pena of theMinas Gerais Republican Party receives 97.9% of the vote.[150] | |
| 5 May | TheTreaty of Limits between Brazil and the Netherlands is signed in Rio de Janeiro, establishing the international boundary between Brazil and the Dutch colony ofSuriname.[151] | |
| 23 October | An aeroplane of Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off atBagatelle in France and flies 60 meters (200 feet). This is the first officially recorded powered flight in Europe.[152] | |
| 9 November | TheBrazilian Flag Anthem ("Hino à Bandeira Nacional"), with lyrics byOlavo Bilac and music byFrancisco Braga, is performed for the first time. | |
| 1907 | Construction of theMadeira-Mamoré Railroad begins, linking the cities ofPorto Velho andGuajará-Mirim.[153] | |
| 24 April | TheVásquez Cobo–Martins treaty between Brazil and Colombia is signed, establishing the border from theRio Negro northwestward along the Amazon River-Orinoco watershed divide, "then generally southward along various river courses and straight-line segments to the mouth of theApaporis River".[154][155] | |
| 1908 | 16 June | TheKasato Maru arrives at thePort of Santos with the first official group ofJapanese immigrants to Brazil.[156][157] |
| 10 September | The firstMinas Geraes-classDreadnought battleship for Brazil,Minas Geraes, is launched atArmstrong Whitworth's yard on theRiver Tyne in England, catalysing the "South American dreadnought race". | |
| 30 October | Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, renounces his claim on the Brazilian throne in order to marryCountess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz.[158] | |
| 1909 | 8 September | The Velarde-Río Branco treaty [es] between Brazil and Peru is signed, establishing borders south of the Yavarí. |
| 1910 | 1 March | In thepresidential election,Hermes da Fonseca receives 57.1% of the vote. Fonseca is supported by several of the most influential Republican parties, whilst his main opponent,Ruy Barbosa, is supported by the Civilist Campaign.[159] |
| 22 November | Revolt of the Lash: the mostly black crews of four Brazilian warships, led byJoão Cândido, mutiny shortly after a sailor receives 250 lashes. The crews depose their white officers and threaten to bombard Rio de Janeiro.[160] | |
| 1911 | 10 January | The cargo ship 'SS São Luiz runs aground off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte.[161] |
| 1912 | October | Beginning of theContestado War, a dispute between settlers and landowners.[162] |
| 29 December | The federal government sends in 200 federal troops to deal with ongoing trouble in the State ofSanta Catarina. | |
| 1913 | 12 December | Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition: following a speaking tour in Brazil and Argentina, former US PresidentTheodore Roosevelt meets up withCândido Rondon to embark on a joint exploration of the "River of Doubt".[163] |
| 1914 | 1 March | In thepresidential election, incumbent Vice PresidentVenceslau Brás, of the Minas Gerais Republican Party, receives 91.6% of the vote.[164] |
| 8 June | TheBrazilian Football Confederation is founded, withÁlvaro Zamith as its first president. TheBrazilian Olympic Committee is founded on the same day. | |
| 14 September | TheBritish Royal Navy auxiliary cruiserHMS Carmania fought the GermanSMS Cap Trafalgar off Trindade in theBattle of Trindade.Carmania sankCap Trafalgar, but sustained severe damage herself.[165] | |
| 1915 | 29 January | Heitor Villa-Lobos gives the first in a series of chamber concerts; one of the new works he introduces during this year is hisCello Concerto no 1.[166] |
| 1916 | 5 March | The linerPríncipe de Asturias runs aground in fog on the shoals out of Ponta do Boi, in the island ofSao Sebastião, while trying to approach the port of Santos. At least 445 people out of the 588 aboard are killed.[167] |
| 3 May | Brazilian merchant ship Rio Branco is sunk by a German submarine. Because the ship is in restricted waters and registered under the British flag, and most of its crew is Norwegian, it is not considered an illegal attack by the Brazilian government, despite public protests. | |
| August | Brazilian Naval Aviation is established, in preparation for the country's participation in the First World War.[168] | |
| The capture of rebel leader Deodato Manuel Ramos ("Adeodato") marks the effective end of the Contestado War. | ||
| 1917 | 5 April | The steamshipParaná, loaded with coffee and travelling in accordance with the demands made on neutral countries, is torpedoed by a German submarine; three Brazilians are killed. |
| 11 April | Brazil breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany. | |
| 7 May | Foreign MinisterLauro Müller is obliged to resign because of his German origins. | |
| May–November | Several Brazilian vessels are torpedoed by the Germans.[169] | |
| 26 October | World War I: Brazil declares war on the Central Powers.[170] | |
| 1 November | A mob damages German property inPetrópolis, including the restaurant Brahma (completely destroyed), the Gesellschaft Germania, the German school, the company Arp, and theGerman Journal. | |
| 1918 | 30 January | Ministerial Notice No. 501 is issued, establishing the Naval Division for War Operations (Divisão Naval em Operações de Guerra – DNOG).[171] |
| 1 March | Brazilian general election, 1918:[139] former PresidentRodrigues Alves receives 99.1% of the vote. | |
| 18 August | The Brazilian Medical Mission, led by Dr. Nabuco Gouveia and directed by General Aché, is established with 86 doctors. | |
| 24 September | The Brazilian Medical Mission lands atMarseille, France, and supports the local population during a flu outbreak, ensuring the continuity of logistical support to the troops at the front. | |
| 15 November | President-elect Rodrigues Alves, suffering from influenza, is unable to take office on the scheduled date, and is replaced by Vice President Delfim Moreira. | |
| 1919 | 13 April | In thepresidential election brought about by the death ofRodrigues Alves,[139]Epitácio Pessoa of the Paraíba Republican Party receives 71.0% of the vote. |
| 24 April | Ford Brasil, a subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company, is founded. | |
| 11–29 May | The1919 South American Championship football tournament is held in Rio de Janeiro. It is won by the home country.[172] | |
| 28 July | Epitácio Pessoa takes office as president, replacing acting President Delfim Moreira, who continues as vice president. | |
| 1920 | 20 April | Opening ceremony of the1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, at whichBrazil competes for the first time.[173] Sport shooterGuilherme Paraense is the first Brazilian to win a gold medal. |
| 1921 | October | The government implements a new policy in defense of coffee, for the third time in the history of the Republic.[174] |
| 1922 | 11–18 February | Modern Art Week is held inSão Paulo, marking the beginning of Brazilian Modernism.[175] |
| 1 March | In theBrazilian presidential election,Artur Bernardes of theMineiro Republican Party receives 56.0% of the vote.[176] | |
| 5 July | The18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt occurs inRio de Janeiro, then Federal District ofBrazil. It is the first revolt of thetenentista movement, in the context of the BrazilianOld Republic. | |
| 1923 | 3 May | Brazil sign thePan-American Treaty.[177] |
| The Brazilian Society of Chemistry is founded. | ||
| Brazil's firstradio broadcasting station, the Radio Society of Rio de Janeiro, is founded; it is still working under the name Rádio MEC. | ||
| 1924 | 5–28 July | Military revolt in São Paulo.[178] |
| 1925 | 12 April | TheColuna Prestes movement is launched at a meeting in Foz do Iguaçu.[179] |
| 29 May | British explorerPercy Fawcett sent a last telegram to his wife, before he disappears in theAmazon. | |
| 1926 | 1 March | In thepresidential election,Washington Luís of theRepublican Party of São Paulo, who received 98.0% of the vote.[139] |
| 1927 | 11 June | TheBrazilian submarine Humaytá is launched at theOdero-Terni-Orlando shipyard at La Spezia, Italy. |
| 1928 | 10 August | TheETA – Empresa de Transporte Aéreo airline is founded; it remains in operation for only a year.[180] |
| TheLiberator Party (Brazil) is founded for the first time, by members of theRio Grande do Sul Federalist Party, notably Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil.[181] | ||
| 1929 | August | Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraíba join the political opposition from several states, including the Democratic Party of São Paulo, to oppose the presidential candidacy of Washington Luís's nominated successor,Júlio Prestes, and form theLiberal Alliance. |
| 20 September | The Liberal Alliance nominates its candidates for the presidential elections:Getúlio Vargas as president andJoão Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque as vice president. | |
| 29 October | The US stock market crash causes a fall in coffee quotations to 60%. | |
| 1930 | 1 March | A general election is held; in the presidential elections, the result is a victory forJúlio Prestes of theRepublican Party of São Paulo, who receives 57.7% of the vote.[139]Vital Soares is elected vice president, but never takes office. |
| 26 July | The assassination ofJoão Pessoa Cavalcânti de Albuquerque, governor of Paraíba, by João Duarte Dantas, stirs up a wave of bad feeling toward the federal government and the outgoing presidentWashington Luís, who is accused of bearing the "moral responsibility".[182] | |
| 13 August | 1930 Curuçá River event: the area ofCuruçá River near latitude 5° S and longitude 71.5° W experiences ameteoricair burst (also known as the BrazilianTunguska event).[183] | |
| September | The state capital of Paraíba, formerly Parahyba, is renamedJoão Pessoa, in memory of its assassinated governor.[184] | |
| 3 October | Brazilian Revolution of 1930.[185] | |
| 24 October | Incumbent President Washington Luís is deposed.[186] Amilitary junta, led by GeneralAugusto Tasso Fragoso, temporarily takes control of the country. | |
| 1 November | Beginning of theVargas Era: the ruling junta hands power and the presidential palace toGetúlio Vargas. | |
| TheNational Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO) is founded. | ||
| 1931 | 16 September | Frente Negra Brasileira, Brazil's first black political party, is created.[187] |
| 12 October | The statue ofChrist the Redeemer, overlooking Rio de Janeiro, is consecrated.[188][189] | |
| 1932 | 24 February | The Justiça Eleitoral do Brasil is created by Decreto nº 21.076.[190] |
| 24 February | Women win the right to vote.[191] | |
| April | Peter Fleming joins the expedition to find missing Englishman ColonelPercy Fawcett; the following year he publishes an account of the expedition, entitledBrazilian Adventure. | |
| 23 May | Four protesting students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) are killed by government troops, sparking off the "Paulista War". | |
| June | São Paulo rebels take control of the state.[192] | |
| 9 July | Constitutionalist Revolution: the population of the state of São Paulo revolt against the 1930 coup d'état.[193] | |
| 2 October | The São Paulo rebels are defeated by government forces.[194] | |
| October | Brazilian Integralism, a Fascist movement, is founded byPlínio Salgado.[195] | |
| 1933 | 10 October | TheAnti-war Treaty of Non-aggression and Conciliation, an inter-American treaty, is signed in Rio de Janeiro by representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay.[196] |
| 1934 | 16 July | The Vargas government introduces what will be the shortest-lived Constitution of Brazil, lasting only 3 years (until 1937).[197] It is the first time a Brazilian constitution has been written from scratch by directly elected deputies in multi-party elections, and incorporates a number of improvements to Brazilian political, social and economical life. |
| 17 July | In thepresidential election, carried out by the Constituent Assembly, acting PresidentGetúlio Vargas receives 175 of the 248 votes.[198] | |
| TheUniversity of São Paulo is established. | ||
| TheBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics is founded under the title of the National Institute of Statistics. | ||
| 1935 | November | ACommunist insurrection, the "Red Revolt of 35",[199] or theIntentona Comunista, fails to unseat President Vargas.Olga Benário Prestes and her husbandLuís Carlos Prestes are among the conspirators arrested.[200] |
| 1936 | 16 October | President Vargas signed the decree, which gives the name of the aviatorAlberto Santos Dumont Airport, located in Ponta do Calabouço, in the city ofRio de Janeiro, namedSantos Dumont Airport, Brazil's first civilian airport.[201] |
| 1937 | 7 May | One of the leaders of the communist revolution,Luis Carlos Prestes, is sentenced to 16 years and eight months in prison.[202] |
| 10 June | National Democratic Union, ahead of support for the candidacy of Armando Sales de Oliveira for president in the 1938 elections is created.[203] | |
| 14 June | President Getúlio Vargas signed the decree establishing theItatiaia National Park, the first national park in Brazil.[204][205] | |
| 13 August | The National Union of Students is founded inRio de Janeiro. | |
| 10 November | The fourth Brazilian Constitution is granted by President Vargas, starting theEstado Novo.[206] | |
| 21 December | President Vargas signs the ordinance which extinguishes all political parties in the country.[207] | |
| 1938 | May | TheBrazilian integralist movement attempt a coup d'état, supported by the Axis powers. The failure of the "Pajama Putsch" leads to the dissolution of the AIB.[208] |
| 28 July | Folk heroLampião and his band are ambushed in one of his hideouts, the Angicos farm, in the state of Sergipe. | |
| 1939 | 30 November | Serra dos Órgãos National Park is created. |
| 5 December | The Imperial Mausoleum is officially inaugurated at theCathedral of Petrópolis.[209] | |
| 1942 | 28 January | Brazil breaks diplomatic relations with theAxis countries.[210] |
| July–August | Several Brazilian vessels are torpedoed by the Germans. | |
| 22 August | President Getúlio Vargas signs thedeclaration of war against Germany and Italy.[211][212] | |
| 1 November | TheCruzeiro "antigo" is adopted as the official currency.[213] | |
| 1943 | 11 June | TheOrder of Military Merit is established by President Getúlio Vargas.[214] |
| 13 July | On the recommendation of theNational Petroleum Council,Brazil bans the use of private motorcycles throughout the nation in order to conserve fuel. Use of gasoline-powered automobiles had been prohibited the year before.[215] | |
| 31 July | The Brazilian passenger ship and freighterBagé, largest commercial ship in Brazil's fleet, is torpedoed and sunk off the coast of the Sergipe state. TheBagé, carrying 129 passengers and 102 crew, was en route fromBelém toRio de Janeiro when it was struck by a German U-boat. Seventy-eight people (41 passengers and 37 crew) are lost.[216] | |
| 1944 | 1 January | The formerRoyal Military Academy expends into the city of Resende. |
| 2 July | Second World War: the first five thousandBrazilian Expeditionary Force soldiers, the 6th RCT, leave Brazil for Europe aboard the USNSGeneral Mann. | |
| September | Brazilian air-land forces go into action in Italy.[217] | |
| 13 October | Brazilian pilots begin operations, as individual elements of flights attached to 350th FG squadrons. | |
| 1944–1945 | 25 November 1944 – 21 February 1945 | Second World War,Battle of Monte Castello: the battle marks theBrazilian Expeditionary Force's entry into the land war in Europe.[218][219] |
| 1945 | February | A fourth transport of troops of theBrazilian Expeditionary Force reaches Italy, in preparation for theSpring 1945 offensive. |
| 12 May | Brazilian troops arrive in Turin on the same day that the cessation of hostilities is announced. | |
| May | BishopCarlos Duarte Costa, an outspoken critic of the regime of PresidentGetúlio Vargas and of theVatican's alleged relationship with fascist regimes,[220] gives newspaper interviews accusing Brazil'sPapal nuncio of Nazi-Fascist spying, and accusing Rome of having aided and abetted Hitler. Shortly afterwards he establishes theBrazilian Catholic Apostolic Church. | |
| 29 October | President Vargas resigns.José Linhares becomes acting president, beginning the period known as theFourth Brazilian Republic at the end of his term. | |
| 2 December | Ageneral election is held, the first since the establishment ofGetúlio Vargas'Estado Novo.[139] The presidential election is won byEurico Gaspar Dutra of theSocial Democratic Party (PSD), which also wins a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. | |
| 1946 | 18 September | Anew constitution is introduced, and the position ofVice President of Brazil is recreated;Nereu Ramos is selected as the first incumbent. |
| 1947 | 19 January | Parliamentary elections are held, for 19 vacant seats in theChamber of Deputies, one additionalSenator for each state (exceptSanta Catarina, which elected two), and for all state Governors and legislatures.[139] TheBrazilian Communist Party wins nearly 10% of the vote in the state elections, becoming the third party in the state ofSão Paulo (ahead of the UDN) and the single largest party in the federal capital,Rio de Janeiro. |
| 6 August | TheBrazilian Socialist Party is founded. | |
| 2 October | TheSão Paulo Museum of Art opens to the public. | |
| 1949 | TheCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas is founded byCesar Lattes,José Leite Lopes, andJayme Tiomno. | |
| 1950 | 16 June | TheMaracanã Stadium opens inRio de Janeiro. |
| 24 June – 16 July | Brazil hosts the1950 FIFA World Cup. The local national team is beaten 1–2 by Uruguay in the final game. | |
| 18 September | First television broadcasting in Brazil byTV Tupi.[221] | |
| 3 October | TheBrazilian general election[139] is won by theSocial Democratic Party, who remain the largest party in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, although they lose their majority in the former. The presidential election is won by former PresidentGetúlio Vargas of theBrazilian Labour Party. | |
| 1951 | TheBrazilian Medical Association is founded.[222] | |
| TheEscola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing is founded in São Paulo.[223] | ||
| 1952 | 4 March | Anchieta rail disaster: a crowded steam-powered passenger train derails while crossing a bridge over thePavuna River near Anchieta station,[224] sending two old wooden carriages broadside onto the adjacent line. A modern high-speed electric freight train, travelling in the opposite direction, ploughs into the wooden carriages,telescoping them upwards. The severity of the accident was compounded by the fact that the suburban train is overloaded, with passengers clinging to the sides, underneath and between the carriages. A witness says they saw "passengers flying in all directions when the crash occurred". 119 people are killed and the resulting outcry prompts major new investment in Brazilian railways. |
| 28 April | Pan Am Flight 202 crashes in theAmazon Basin approximately 220 nautical miles (410 km) southwest of Carolina, Brazil. All 50 people on board are killed in the worst-ever accident involving the Boeing 377.[225] | |
| 12 August | 1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air explosion: aDouglas C-47AregisteredPP-ANH is destroyed after an in-flight fire causes it to crash nearPalmeiras de Goiás. All 24 people on board are killed.[226] | |
| Bob's, Brazil's first fast food chain, opens in Rio de Janeiro. | ||
| 1954 | 24 August | Brazilian PresidentGetúlio Vargas commits suicide after being accused of involvement in a conspiracy to murder his chief political opponent,Carlos Lacerda.[227] |
| 3 October | Brazilian legislative election, 1954 | |
| 1955 | 3 October | Thepresidential election results in victory forJuscelino Kubitschek, who receives 35.7% of the vote.[139] |
| 3 November | Café Filho is forced to give up the presidency of Brazil on health grounds.[228] Kubitschek does not take office until the following year. | |
| TheMuseum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro, is completed, aModernist concrete museum building, designed byAffonso Eduardo Reidy, with gardens designed by Burle Marx.[229] | ||
| 1956 | 31 January | Juscelino Kubitschek is inaugurated as the 21stPresident of Brazil. |
| 1957 | October | TheAfricanized bee is accidentally released inBrazil. |
| 16 October | Antônio Vilas Boas, a Brazilian farmer, claims to have been abducted byextraterrestrials; the first famousalien abduction case. | |
| 1958 | 29 June | Brazil beatsSweden 5–2 in thefinal game to win thefootballWorld Cup inSweden.[230] |
| 1960 | 21 April | The country's capital (Federal District) is relocated from the city ofRio de Janeiro to the new city,Brasília, in the highlands. The actual city of Rio de Janeiro becomes theState of Guanabara. |
| 3 October | Jânio Quadros is electedPresident of Brazil for a five-year term. | |
| 1961 | 25 August | João GoulartreplacesJânio Quadros as President of Brazil |
| 17 December | Acircus tent fire inNiterói,Brazil, kills 323.[231] | |
| 1962 | 17 June | Brazil beatsCzechoslovakia 3–1 to win the1962 FIFA World Cup. |
| The first official group of Korean immigrants to Brazil. There has been a large flow of documented Korean migrants to Brazil. | ||
| 1964 | 31 March | The military overthrows Brazilian PresidentJoão Goulart in acoup, starting 21 years ofdictatorship in Brazil. |
| 1 April | Deployed military rule inBrazil ended the then government of President João Goulart. | |
| 11 April | Brazilian presidential election, 1964: the Brazilian Congress elects Field MarshalHumberto de Alencar Castelo Branco as President ofBrazil.[232] | |
| 1965 | 26 April | Rede Globo, the 3rd largest TV broadcaster of the world, is founded, inRio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
| 27 October | Brazilian PresidentHumberto de Alencar Castelo Branco removes power from parliament, legal courts and opposition parties. | |
| 1966 | 5 March | A massive theft of nuclear materials is revealed inBrazil. |
| 1967 | 24 January | New constitution is promulgated.[233] |
| 1 March | Brazilian police arrestFranz Stangl, ex-commander ofTreblinka andSobibór extermination camps. | |
| 15 March | TheRepublic of the United States of Brazil is renamed theFederative Republic of Brazil. | |
| 1968 | 28 March | Brazilian high school studentEdson Luís de Lima Souto is shot by the police in a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students. The aftermath of his death is one of the first major events against the military dictatorship. |
| 13 December | Faced with growing discontent and the proliferation of actions by groups considered subversive, Brazilian PresidentArtur da Costa e Silva enacts the Institutional Act Number Five "AI-5". AI-5 grants broad powers to the government, allowing the suspension of constitutional guarantees, the closure of the National Congress, and censorship of the press, beginning the most repressive period of the 21-yearBrazilian Military Dictatorship. | |
| 1969 | 31 August – 30 October | Brazilian Military Junta of 1969 rules the country following sudden illness and resignation of President da Costa e Silva. The junta consists of Army GeneralAurélio de Lyra Tavares, Navy AdmiralAugusto Hamann Rademaker Grunewald and Air Force BrigadierMárcio de Souza e Mello. |
| 19 November | Playing forSantos againstVasco in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilianfootballerPelé scored his 1,000th goal.[234] | |
| 1970 | 11 March | Japanese consul-general in São PauloNobuo Okuchi is kidnapped by the leftist guerrilla groupVanguarda Popular Revolucionária.[235] |
| 15 March | Japanese consul-general in São Paulo Nobuo Okuchi is ransomed by the Brazilian government, he is released in exchange for five political prisoners.[235] | |
| 11 June | West German ambassador Ehrenfried von Holleben is kidnapped by the Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária and by theAção Libertadora Nacional.[236] | |
| 21 June | Brazil defeatsItaly 4–1 to win the1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. | |
| 1 December | Giovanni Enrico Bucher, the Swiss ambassador to Brazil, is kidnapped by the Ação Libertadora Nacional in Rio de Janeiro; kidnappers demand the release of 70 political prisoners.[237] | |
| 1971 | 14 January | Seventy Brazilian political prisoners are released inSantiago, Chile; Giovanni Enrico Bucher is released 16 January. |
| 16 January | Giovanni Enrico Bucher is released by the Ação Libertadora Nacional. | |
| 20 November | A bridge still in construction, called "Elevado Engenheiro Freyssinet", falls over the Paulo de Frontin Avenue, inRio de Janeiro; 48 people are killed and several injured. Reconstructed, the bridge is a part of the Linha Vermelha elevate. | |
| 1974 | 1 February | Fire breaks out in theJoelma Building in São Paulo, Brazil; 177 die and 293 are injured; 11 die later of their injuries.[238][239] |
| 4 March | TheRio–Niterói Bridge opens.[240] | |
| 1975 | 15 March | Guanabara State merges into thestate of Rio de Janeiro. The state's capital moves from the city ofNiterói to the city ofRio de Janeiro. |
| 1977 | President Geisel closedCongress briefly to control presidential succession as conflict erupted between Geisel, theduristas, Congress,the Church, and the media. | |
| 1977–1978 | Operação Prato.[241][242][243][244][245][246] | |
| 1979 | 7 February | Nazi criminalJosef Mengele suffers a stroke and drowns while swimming inBertioga,Brazil. His remains are found in 1985. |
| 1980 | 1 June | Mauro Milhomem, a pilot,attempted to crash hisSertanejo-721 into theHotel Presidente owned by his mother-in-law, after he had an argument with his wife the previous day after he discovered that she cheated him. The plane failed to hit the target and hit into several objects and ultimately crashed into an accounting office in front to a forum. Six people were killed and four were wounded. |
| 9 July | Pope John Paul II visitsBrazil; 7 people are crushed to death in a crowd meeting him. | |
| 1981 | 20 September | The Brazilian river boatSobral Santos capsizes in theAmazon River,Óbidos, Brazil, killing at least 300. |
| 1983 | 19 December | TheJules Rimet Trophy is stolen from the Brazilian Soccer Confederation building inRio de Janeiro. |
| 1984 | 16 April | More than one million people, led byTancredo Neves, occupy the streets ofSão Paulo to demand directpresidential elections during theBrazilian military government ofJoão Figueiredo. It is the largest protest during theDiretas Já civil unrest, as well as the largest public demonstration in the history of Brazil. The elections are granted in 1989. |
| May | TheItaipu Dam is inaugurated on the border of Brazil and Paraguay after 9 years of construction, making it thelargest hydroelectric dam in the world at the time. | |
| 1985 | 15 January | Tancredo Neves iselected President ofBrazil by the Congress, ending the 21-yearmilitary rule. |
| 15 March | Vice PresidentJosé Sarney, upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of President ofBrazil, as the new PresidentTancredo Neves had become severely ill, the day before. Sarney will become Brazil's first civilian President in 21 years, upon Neves' death on 21 April. | |
| 21 April | Brazilian PresidentTancredo Neves dies, he is succeeded by Vice PresidentJosé Sarney. The vice president post is left vacant until 1990. | |
| 6 June | The remains ofJosef Mengele, the physician notorious forNazi human experimentation on inmates ofAuschwitz concentration camp, buried in 1979 under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed inEmbu das Artes, Brazil. | |
| 1987 | 13 September | Goiânia accident: aradioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital inGoiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die fromradiation poisoning.[247][248] |
| 1988 | 25 June | PSDB is founded by members of theBrazilian Democratic Movement Party linked to the European social democratic movement as an attempt to clarify their ideals.[249] |
| 5 October | Brazil adopts anew constitution.[250] | |
| 22 December | Brazilian union and environmental activistChico Mendes is assassinated.[251] | |
| 31 December | The Bateau Mouche cruise ship capsized and sank in the South Atlantic offRio de Janeiro with the loss of at least 51 of the 149 people on board.[252] | |
| 1989 | 12 November | Brazil holds its first free presidential election since 1960. This marks the first time that allIbero-American nations, exceptingCuba, have elected constitutional governments simultaneously. |
| 15 November | Brazil holds the first round of its first free election in 29 years;Fernando Collor de Mello andLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva advance to the second round, to be held the following month. | |
| 17 December | Brazil holds the second round of its first free election in 29 years;Fernando Collor de Mello is elected to serve as president from 1990. | |
| 1990 | 15 March | Fernando Collor de Mello takes office asPresident of Brazil,Brazil's first democratically elected president sinceJânio Quadros in 1961. The next day, he announces a currency freeze and freezes large bank accounts for 18 months. |
| 1991 | 26 March | Argentina,Brazil,Uruguay andParaguay sign theTreaty of Asunción, establishing the South Common Market (Mercosur is its acronym in Spanish). |
| 30 September | Atornado destroys parts ofItu, a city in southeasternBrazil, killing 16 and leaving 176 injured. | |
| 1992 | 8 June | The firstWorld Oceans Day is celebrated, coinciding with theEarth Summit held inRio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
| 24 August | A special commission in Brazil concludes that there is sufficient evidence to begin impeachment proceedings against President of BrazilFernando Collor de Mello, finding he had accepted millions of dollars' worth of illegal payments from business interests. | |
| 29 September | TheChamber of Deputies of Brazil votes to impeachPresident of BrazilFernando Collor de Mello, the country's first democratically elected leader in 29 years. Vice PresidentItamar Franco becomes acting president. | |
| 2 October | A riot breaks out in theCarandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo,Brazil, resulting in theCarandiru massacre.[253][254] | |
| 29 December | Brazil's PresidentFernando Collor de Mello is found guilty on charges that he stole more than $32 million from the government, preventing him from holding any elected office for 8 years. | |
| 1993 | 21 April | Aconstitutional referendum is held to determine theform of government of the country.[255] |
| 23 July | Candelária massacre: Brazilian police officers kill eight street kids inRio de Janeiro. | |
| 29 August | Vigário Geral massacre.[256] | |
| 16 December | Brazil'sSupreme Court rules that former PresidentFernando Collor de Mello may not hold elected office again until 2000 due to political corruption. | |
| 1994 | 1 May | Brazilian Three timeFormula One World Champion,Ayrton Senna iskilled in a crash during the1994 San Marino Grand Prix. |
| 1 July | Brazil introduces its new currency, theReal.[257] | |
| 17 July | Brazil wins the1994 FIFA World Cup, defeating Italy by 3–2 in penalties (full-time 0–0). | |
| 1995 | 1 January | Fernando Henrique Cardoso becomes President ofBrazil. |
| 1996 | 20 January | Varginha UFO incident in Minas Gerais.[258][259] |
| 2 March | ALearjet 25 (registration PT-LSD) carrying the Brazilian satirical rock bandMamonas Assassinas attempts ago-around atSão Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport inSão Paulo,Brazil, but crashes in theSerra da Cantareira mountain range, killing all eight people on board including all five members of the band.[260] | |
| 17 April | Eldorado dos Carajás massacre.[261] | |
| 1999 | 6 June | InSão José dos Campos, 345 prisoners escape fromPutim prison through the front gate.[262] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 10 September | Antônio da Costa Santos, mayor ofCampinas, is assassinated. |
| 11 September | Three Brazilians are killed in theSeptember 11 attacks in theUnited States.[263] | |
| 2002 | 30 June | Brazil wins its 5thFIFA World Cup title by defeatingGermany 2–0 in the2002 FIFA World Cup final. |
| 27 October | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva wins the2002 Brazilian general election with 52.7 million votes (61.3% of the total).[264] | |
| 2003 | 1 January | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is inaugurated as president of Brazil.[265] |
| 30 January | TheFome Zero program is introduced by presidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[265] | |
| 19 August | Acar-bomb attack on United Nations headquarters inIraq kills the agency's top envoySérgio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employees.[266][267][268] | |
| 2004 | 28 March | The first ever reported South Atlantichurricane makes landfall insouthern Brazil in the state ofSanta Catarina – the hurricane is dubbedHurricane Catarina. |
| 1 June | TheUnited Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) is established, its military component is led by Brazil.[269] | |
| 2005 | 6 June | Mensalão scandal threatens to bring down the government ofLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[270] |
| 6 August | Banco Central burglary at Fortaleza | |
| 23 October | 2005 Brazilian firearms and ammunition referendum | |
| 2006 | 30 March | Marcos Pontes becomes the first Brazilian and the first native Portuguese-speaking person to go into space, where he stays on the International Space Station for a week. During his trip, Pontes carries out eight experiments selected by the Brazilian Space Agency. He lands in Kazakhstan on 8 April 2006, with the crew ofExpedition 12.[271] |
| May | May 2006 São Paulo violence.[272] | |
| July | July 2006 São Paulo violence | |
| 7 August | Lei Maria da Penha is sanctioned by presidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva. | |
| 29 September | Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 leads to the2006–2007 Brazilian aviation crisis. | |
| 29 October | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is re-elected as president. | |
| 2007 | 18 March | Cesare Battisti, convictedin absentia of two murders in Italy in the 1970s and who later became a crime writer in France, is arrested in Brazil.[273] |
| May | Pope Benedict XVI visitsBrazil to reaffirmCatholicism in the country.[274] | |
| 11 May | Pope Benedict XVIcanonizesBrazil's first native-bornsaint,Frei Galvão, an 18th-centuryFranciscanfriar. | |
| 26 June | Bolivia reclaims twooil refineries from Brazilian state-owned energy companyPetrobras.[275] | |
| 27 June | Complexo do Alemão massacre. | |
| 7 July | TheNew 7 Wonders of the World are announced. These areThe Great Wall of China,Petra in Jordan, theChrist the Redeemer statue in Brazil,Machu Picchu in Peru,Mexico'sChichen ItzaMayan site, theColosseum in Rome and theTaj Mahal in India.[276] | |
| 13–19 July | TheFifteenth Pan American Games take place inRio de Janeiro. | |
| 17 July | TAM Linhas AéreasFlight 3054 carrying 186 people crashes inCongonhas International Airport, São Paulo, Brazil. The death toll is estimated to be at least 200 people.[277][278][279][280][281] | |
| 4 November | At least six people are killed as aLearjet 35 crashes into a residential district inSão Paulo, Brazil.[282] | |
| 25 November | At least eightfootball fans die when part of theFonte Nova stadium inSalvador, Bahia, collapses.[283] | |
| 2 December | Brazil starts free-to-airdigital television transmissions in São Paulo, but broadcasting companies must transmit signals in both analogue and digital formats until June 2016.[284] | |
| 20 December | ThePortrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artistPablo Picasso, andO Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painterCandido Portinari, are stolen from theSão Paulo Museum of Art.[285] | |
| 17 December | The leaders ofBrazil,Bolivia, andChile agree to build a highway by 2009 that will link theAtlantic (inSantos, São Paulo, Brazil) and the Pacific (inIquique, Chile) coasts of South America.[286] | |
| 2008 | 9 January | The police recovered thePortrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artistPablo Picasso, andO Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painterCândido Portinari, which had been stolen in December 2007.[287] |
| 24 November | The2008 Santa Catarina floods in Santa Catarina, Brazil, kill 126 and force the evacuation of over 78,000 people. | |
| 2009 | 1 June | Air France Flight 447, en route fromRio de Janeiro, to Paris, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 228 on board. |
| 2 October | TheInternational Olympic Committee awards the2016 Summer Olympics toRio de Janeiro. | |
| 16 October | Brasil de Pelotas bus crash: two players and a coach die.[288] | |
| 2010 | January | January 2010 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides |
| 17 February | Sinking of theConcordia.[289] | |
| April | April 2010 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides | |
| June | 2010 Northeastern Brazil floods.[290] | |
| 21–28 November | 2010 Rio de Janeiro security crisis | |
| 2011 | 1 January | Inauguration of Dilma Rousseff as the 36th President of Brazil.[291] |
| 11 January | January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides: over 900 people are killed[292] as a result of freak weather conditions. | |
| 7 April | Rio de Janeiro school shooting: 12 children aged between 12 and 14 are killed[293] and 12 others seriously wounded after an armed man opens fire at an elementary school inRealengo | |
| 13 July | Noar Linhas Aéreas Flight 4896: a Noar Linhas Aéreas Let L-410 Turbolet crashes in Boa Viagem, Recife, killing all 16 people on board.[294] | |
| 7 November | Campos Basin oil spill: aChevron-owned oil well began leaking causing 32,000 to 52,000 litres (200 to 330 bbl) of crude oil to enter the ocean every day. The leak took place inCampos Basin,Brazil 120 kilometres (75 mi) off the coast ofRio de Janeiro.[295] | |
| 2012 | 13 February | Lindemberg Alves begins to be tried for the death of ex-girlfriendElóa Pimentel, in the city ofSanto André.[296] |
| 2013 | 27 January | Anightclub fire inSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul kills at least 242 people.[297] |
| April – July | 2013 protests in Brazil.[298] | |
| 23 July | World Youth Day began inRio de Janeiro.[299] | |
| 2014 | 17 March | Operation Car Wash begins.[300][301] |
| May – July | 2014 protests in Brazil.[302][303] | |
| 12 June – 13 July | The2014 FIFA World Cup is held inBrazil, and is won byGermany. | |
| 3 July | Belo Horizonte overpass collapse | |
| 13 August | GovernorEduardo Campos, a candidate in the upcomingBrazilian presidential election, dies in a plane crash inSantos, São Paulo, together with six other people on board the aircraft. It also sparks a large fire.[304] | |
| 13 August | 2014 Cessna Citation 560 XLS+ crash | |
| October | Brazilian general election, 2014,[305] with reelection ofDilma Rousseff. | |
| 10 December | 26-year-oldSailson José das Graças is arrested for the serial murder as many as 41 people in a string of suspected racist hate crimes. | |
| 2015 | 6 January | Two commuter trains collide atMesquita, Rio de Janeiro, injuring 158 people.[306] |
| 15 March | Hundreds of thousands of people in Brazilprotest against corruption and denounce the government of PresidentDilma Rousseff.[307] | |
| 5 November | An iron ore tailings dam in Bento Rodrigues, a subdistrict ofMariana, Brazil, suffered a catastrophic failure, causing flooding, killing 17 and injuring 16.[308] | |
| 2016 | 13 March | Hundreds of thousands of people all over Brazilprotest against corruption and denounce the government of PresidentDilma Rousseff.[309] |
| 9 June | A bus plunges over aravine in Brazil'sSão Paulo state, resulting in at least 18 people killed and 28 injured.[310] | |
| 5–21 August | The2016 Summer Olympics are held inRio de Janeiro.[311] | |
| 31 August | TheSenate votes 61–20 in favor of removingDilma Rousseff from office asPresident of Brazil. Acting PresidentMichel Temer will serve out the remainder of the term, which ends 1 January 2019.[312] | |
| 15 October | Awildlife sanctuary for rescuedelephants opens inMato Grosso.[313] | |
| 17 October | Clashes between rival gangs in at least two prisons, leave at least 18 people killed.[314] | |
| 29 November | A charteredAvro RJ85 planecarrying 77 people, including theChapecoense football team, crashes nearMedellín, Colombia. Rescuers report at least six survivors have been found in the wreckage. The2016 Copa Sudamericana Finals are suspended.[315] The title is later awarded to Chapecoense.[316][317] | |
| 2017 | 2 January | At least 56 people are killed inrebellion at Anisio Jobim penitentiary complex inAmazonas state.[318][319] |
| 6 January | Members of thePrimeiro Comando da Capital prison gang kill 31 inmates in the Monte Cristo prison in the state ofRoraima. This action was revenge for an earlier massacre in a prison inAmazonas that killed 56 inmates.[320] | |
| 6 February | Apolicestrike leads to a wave of violence and looting inEspírito Santo, including dozens of murders in the state capital,Vitória.[321][322] | |
| 17 March | Operation Carne Fraca starts.[323] | |
| 28 April | Ageneral strike is held in the country, the first one in twenty years.[324] | |
| 2018 | 8 April | FormerPresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva begins serving a 12-year sentence for corruption.[325] |
| 1 May | Edifício Wilton Paes de Almeida, a 26-story tower block inSão Paulo, Brazil, is destroyed by a fire and consequent collapse. Neighbouring buildings are also damaged by fire.[326] | |
| 2 September | Amassive fire destroys most of thePaço de São Cristóvão, which houses theNational Museum of Brazil, inRio de Janeiro. The museum holds important archaeological and anthropological objects, including the remains of theLuzia Woman,Marajoara vases andEgyptian mummies.[327][328] | |
| 6 September | Presidential candidateJair Bolsonaro is stabbed while campaigning in the city ofJuiz de Fora,Minas Gerais.[329] | |
| 28 October | Brazilians electJair Bolsonaro of theSocial Liberal Party as president, with 55% of the votes, in the second round of the presidential election.[330] | |
| 2019 | 1 January | Inauguration of Jair Bolsonaro as the 38th President of Brazil.[331] |
| 25 January | TheBrumadinho dam disaster, when a mining dam owned byVale, collapses inMinas Gerais, leaving 203 dead and one hundred and five individuals missing.[332] | |
| 8 February | A fire onFlamengo youth academy training camp leaves ten people dead and three injured inRio de Janeiro[333] | |
| 13 March | Two men, of 17 and 25 years old,attack a school in the city ofSuzano,São Paulo, with a revolver and a knife, killing eight and wounding 23 people, among students and staff. The twoshooters committedsuicideafter the attack. Police have found a crossbow, Molotov cocktails and a "suitcase with wires" at the scene.[334] | |
| August - September | A great fire destroys part of theAmazon Rain Forest, including Brazilian portion, leading to international commotion for the sake of Amazonia.[335] | |
| 2021 | 17 January | The first vaccine against Covid-19 is applied in the country.[336] |
| 2022 | 30 October | Brazilians electLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva of theWorkers' Party as president, with 50.9% of the vote, in the second round of the presidential election, thereby making him the first person to defeat an incumbent running for a second term, the first person to run for a third non-consecutive term, and the oldest person to assume the office of president, at the age of 77.[337][338][339] |
| 2023 | 8 January | 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress.[340][341][342] |
| 2024 | 12 August | Voepass Flight 2283, the twin-engine turboprop passenger aircraft, crashed near São Paulo, killing all 62 people onboard. Officials are investigating the cause.[343] |
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)Dentre eles, os de três brasileiros: Anne Marie Sallerin Ferreira, Sandra Fajardo Smith e Ivan Kyrillos Barbosa
