The following is a timeline of thehistory of the city ofBerlin ,Germany .
Prior to 17th century [ edit ] 1163 – Berlin founded byAlbert the Bear (approximate date).[ 1] 1183 – Oak beam, discovered in 2008 by archaeologists, dated to 1183. 1200 – Saint Peter's Church built in Cölln (approximate date). 1220 – Population: 2,400. 1230 1237 – 28 October: First documentation ofCölln .[ 2] 1240 –Marienfelde church built (approximate date). 1244 – 29 April: First documentation of Berlin.[ 2] 1250 1253 – Oldest knowntown seal of Berlin . 1272 – Bakers' guild established.[ 3] 1278 –Georgenhospital established. 1282 –First documentation of official papers of the Margrave of Brandenburg. 1292 – 3 January:St. Mary's Church in existence. 1300 –Heinersdorf church construction begins. 130720 March: Legal union of Berlin and Cölln. Population: 4,000–7,000. 1360 – Berlin-Cölln joins theHanseatic League . 1380 – Fire. 1400Population: 7,000–8,500. 1,100 buildings. 1432 – Merger of Berlin and Cölln. 1433 –Schützengilde Berlin Korp. von 1433 [de ] (militia ) formed. 1442 – Berlin leaves the Hanseatic League. 1443 –Stadtschloss (palace) construction begins. 1446 – 7 December: Pogrom against Jews. 1448 – 14 October: Unsuccessful protest against the construction of the Stadtschloss. Town privileges curtailed. 1450 – Population: 7,000–8,000. 1451 – Stadtschloss built. 1454 –St. Erasmus Chapel consecrated. 1468 – First documentation ofKammergericht . 1484 – 18 October:Jerusalem Church in existence.[ 4] 1486 – 11 March: Berlin Stadtschloss becomes permanent seat of Brandenburg Electors. 1510 – 100 Jews accused of desecrating hosts. 38 burned, the rest banished and stripped of their possessions. 1530 –Tiergarten hunting park built. 1539 – 1 November:Protestant Reformation .[ 2] 1540 1542 –Kurfürstendamm avenue built. 1543 –Jagdschloss Grunewald hunting lodge built. 1558 –Köpenick Palace built. 1576Population: 11,000–12,000. Bubonic plague kills 6,000 people. 1594 –Spandau Citadel built. 1700 1701 – 18 January: Berlin becomes capital of theKingdom of Prussia .[citation needed ] 1702 –Friedrichs-Waisenhaus Rummelsburg orphanage and infirmary established. 1703 1704 –Vossische Zeitung founded. 1705 1706 –Zeughaus built. 1708 1709 1710 –Charité hospital established. 1712 – Population: 61,000. 1713 1715 – City hostsTreaty of Berlin (1715) . 1716 – 12 July:Luisenkirche inaugurated. 1717 – Compulsory schooling established. 1720 –Späth nursery founded. 1721 – Population: 65,300. 1722 – Garrison Church built.[ 4] 1726 – Population: 72,000. 1730 – Population: 72,387. 1732 1733 1734 1735 – Population: 86,000. 1737 1738 –Ordenspalais built. 1739 1740 – Population: 90,000. 1742 1743 –Opernplatz (square) laid out. 1746 – Population: 97,000. 1747 – Population: 107,224. 1748 1749 – Population: 110,933. 1750 – Population: 113,289. 175122 September:Ackerstraße building begins. Population: 116,483. 1752 – Population: 119,224. 1753 1754 – Population: 125,385. 1755 – Population: 126,661. 1756 – Population: 99,224. 1757 1758 – Population: 92,356. 1759 – Population: 94,433. 1760 1761 – Population: 98,238. 1762 – Population: 98,090. 1763 1764 1765Bank established.[ 8] Population: 125,139. 1766 1767 – Population: 127,140. 1768 – Population: 130,359. 1769Brick Friedrichs Bridge built. Population: 132,365. 1770Bergakademie Berlin established. Population: 133,520. 1771 – Population: 133,639. 1772 – Population: 131,126. 1773 1774 1775 – Population: 136,137. 1776 – Population: 137,468. 1777 – Population: 140,719. 1778 – Population: 124,963. 1779 – Population: 138,225. 1780 1781 – Population: 142,375. 1782 – Population: 143,098. 1783 1784 – Population: 145,021. 1785 – Population: 146,647. 1786 1787 – Population: 146,167. 1788 – Population: 149,274. 1789 – Population: 149,875. 1790 – Population: 150,803. 1791 1792 – Population: 157,534. 1793 – Population: 157,121. 1794 – Population: 157,603. 1795First steam engine in Berlin, used to power spinning machines. Population: 156,218. 1796 1797 1798 – Population: 169,019. 1799 1800 – Population: 172,132. 1801 – Population: 176,709. 1802 – Population: 177,029. 1803 – Population: 178,309. 1804Royal Prussian Iron Foundry established. Population: 182,157.[ 11] 1805 180624 October: Berlin occupied by the French army.[ 2] 21 November:Napoleon issuesBerlin Decree while passing through city.[ 1] Population: 155,000. 1807 – Population: 150,489. 1808December: French occupation ends. Population: 145,941. 1809 1810 1811 – Population: 169,763. 1812Café Josty in business (approximate date).Population: 171,000. 1813 – Population: 178,641. 1814 – Population: 185,659. 1815 1816First continental European locomotive built at the Royal Prussian Iron Foundry. Population: 197,817. 1817 – Population: 195,689. 181818 September:Neue Wache inaugurated. Population: 198,125. 1819 – Population: 209,138. 1820 – Population: 201,900. 1821 1822 – Population: 209,146. 1824 1825 1826 1827 – 29 April: Premiere of Mendelssohn's operaHochzeit des Camacho .[ 13] 1828 1830 1831 1834 1835 – 24 April:Berlin Observatory opened.[ 4] 1837 1838 1839 – 13 June:Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station opened. 1840 1841 1842 18433 December: Population: 353,149. Royal Opera House rebuilt.[ 4] 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1855 1856 –J. F. Schwarzlose Söhne perfume maker founded. 1857 –Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift scientific journal founded. 1858 – Population: 458,637.[ 20] 1859 1860 – Customs Wall removed. 1861 1862 –Berthold Kempinski wine shop in business.[ 3] 1863 1864Wallner Theater built. 3 December: Population: 632,749. 1865 – 22 June: First horse-drawn tram line set up. 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 – 10 March:Deutsche Bank established. 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 – Ethnological museum established.[ 11] 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913[ 33] 1914 1915 – 31 December: Population: 1,835,094. 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 192330 January: 8 March: 25 August: Lasthorsebus run in Berlin. 8 October:Tempelhof Airport established. 31 December: Population: 3,918,985. 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 194431 March:RAF bombing campaign ends. 21 July: Execution of20 July plot conspirators.[ 45] 23 October:Führerbunker completed. 31 December: Population: 4,361,398. 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953June:Uprising in East Berlin.[ 48] 31 December: Population: 3,367,406. 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 19652 April:Europa-Center inaugurated. 31 December: Population: 3,274,500. 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 197129 January: 4 December:Georg von Rauch shot and killed during arrest by West Berlin police. 31 December: Population: 3,172,902. 2 June Movement anarchist group active in West Berlin. 1972 1973 197430 September: 13 October:Berlin Marathon begins in West Berlin. 31 December: Population: 3,118,134. 1975 1976 19775 October: 31 December: Population: 3,044,968. 1978 1979 1980 198120 November: Western entrance to Teltow Canal reopened. 31 December: Population: 3,050,974. AG Märkische Kleinbahn established. 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 20032 December:AquaDom opened. 31 December: Population: 3,330,242. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 – 31 December: Population: 3,387,562. 2011 2012March:Zoofenster high-rise completed. 27 September:Rathaus Bridge inaugurated after rebuilding. 31 December: Population: 3,469,621. 2013 2014 20157 February:Victoria released. 31 December: Population: 3,610,156. 2016 2017 2018 – 31 December: Population: 3,748,148. 2022 - 8 June -2022 Berlin car attack . ^a b c d e f Haydn 1910 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Britannica 1910 .^a b c d Ursula Heinzelmann (2008)."Timeline" .Food Culture in Germany . Greenwood Press.ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bradshaw 1898 .^ Henri Bouchot (1890)."Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established" . In H. Grevel (ed.).The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time . London: H. Grevel & Co.^ Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.^a b c d Bell 2011 .^a b c d e Townsend 1867 .^a b Franz A.J. Szabo (2013)."Chronology of Major Events" .The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763 . Routledge.ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6 . ^a b c Claude Egerton Lowe (1896)."Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music" .Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events . London: Weekes & Co. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l Chambers 1901 .^ Neuer Theater-Almanach (in German). Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn. 1908.hdl :2027/uva.x030515382 .^ Roger Parker , ed. (2001).Oxford Illustrated History of Opera . Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-285445-2 .^a b Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904).Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer. ^ "Potsdamer Bahn" (in German).^ Chester L. Alwes (2012)."Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century" . InAndré de Quadros (ed.).Cambridge Companion to Choral Music .Cambridge Companions to Music . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7 .Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list) ^ Mary H. Munroe (2004)."Springer Timeline" .The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition . Archived fromthe original on 2014-10-20 – via Northern Illinois University. ^ Knight 1866 .^a b Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914".A Short History of Germany . New York: Macmillan.hdl :2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust. ^a b Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862)."Die europäischen Großmächte: Preussen" .Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006)."Chronology" .Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia . Greenwood.ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5 . ^ Steven Anzovin; Janet Podell, eds. (2000).Famous First Facts . H.W. Wilson Co.ISBN 0824209583 . ^ Andrea Wulf (2015).The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt's New World . Knopf.ISBN 978-0-385-35067-9 .^a b "Continental Photographic Societies" ,International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin , New York:E. & H. T. Anthony & Company , 1890^ Berliner Chronik mit Fakten aus acht Jahrhunderten [Chronology of Berlin with Facts from Eight Centuries ] (in German),Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein [de ] , retrieved30 September 2015 ^ United States Bureau of Education (1896),"Higher Education of Women" ,Report of the Commissioner of Education , vol. 1894– 95, v.1, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, p. 921 – via HathiTrust,Educational Status of Women in Different Countries: Germany ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907".Alpine Journal (177). UK.hdl :2027/njp.32101076197365 . ^a b c d Patrick Robertson (2011).Robertson's Book of Firsts . Bloomsbury.ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5 . ^ Mark Garrett, ed. (2014)."Chronology" .Encyclopedia of Transportation . Sage.ISBN 978-1-4833-4651-9 . ^ "Vereinsgeschichte" (in German). Berliner Automobil-Club. Archived fromthe original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved18 December 2013 .^ Preyer 1912 .^ Friedemann Kreuder (2000). "Hotel Esplanade: The Cultural History of a Berlin Location".PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art .22 (2):22– 38.doi :10.2307/3245890 .JSTOR 3245890 .S2CID 191623662 . ^ Charles Emerson,1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Berlin to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 59-77. ^ "Germany: Principal Towns".Statesman's Year-Book . London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.hdl :2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust. ^ Mel Gordon (1974). "Dada Berlin: "A History of Performance (1918-1920)".The Drama Review .18 (2):114– 124.doi :10.2307/1144908 .JSTOR 1144908 . ^ James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006)."Chronology" .Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.).Scarecrow Press .ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1 . ^ Colin Lawson , ed. (2003)."Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)" .Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8 .^ "Opera Timeline" . BBC Radio 3. Retrieved9 January 2025 .^ "Movie Theaters in Berlin, Germany" .CinemaTreasures.org . Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved18 December 2013 .^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany" . Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved30 September 2015 .^ "A history of cities in 50 buildings" ,The Guardian , UK, 2015^a b c "Germany Profile: Timeline" .BBC News . 13 March 2012. Retrieved18 December 2013 .^a b c d e "On This Day" ,New York Times , retrieved30 November 2014 ^ "Seven Leading Architects Defend the World's Most Hated Buildings" ,New York Times , 5 June 2015^a b Richard Overy , ed. (2013).New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945 . USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers.ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6 .^ Fabrizio Bensch; Georgiy Samsonov (4 May 2015),"Berlin battleground- 70 years later" , The Big Picture,Boston Globe , Reuters (comparative photographs, 1945 and 2015)^ Simpson 1957 .^a b c Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013)."Chronology of Major Political Events" .Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia . Routledge.ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7 . ^ "Timeline: The Berlin Airlift" .Berlin Airlift .American Experience . USA:Public Broadcasting Service . Archived fromthe original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved15 March 2014 .^a b "Berlin" ,Webster's Geographical Dictionary , Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 125,OL 5812502M ^ "Think Tank Directory" . Philadelphia, USA:Foreign Policy Research Institute . Archived fromthe original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved18 December 2013 .^ Daum 2008 , pp. 51–56.^ Daum 2008 , pp. 136–156, 223–226.^ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles" . USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved30 December 2015 .^ "Germany" .Art Spaces Directory . New York:New Museum . Retrieved26 December 2013 .^ "Demolition dreams: the world's 'worst' buildings" ,Financial Times , 31 October 2014^ Joel S. Fetzer; J. Christopher Soper (2005).Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-53539-7 . ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved18 December 2013 .^ Czaplicka 1995 .^ "50th anniversary of the Berlin Wall: a timeline" .The Guardian . UK. 12 August 2011.^ "www.berlin.de" (in German). Archived fromthe original on 1996-12-30 – via Internet Archive,Wayback Machine .^ Urban 2003 .^ "German mayors" .City Mayors.com . London:City Mayors Foundation . Retrieved18 December 2013 .^ New York Times 2015 .^ "Berlin the world's first city with its own domain name" ,GlobalPost , Boston, 14 March 2014^ "Berlin riot: 123 police injured in anti-gentrification protest" ,BBC News , 10 July 2016^ "Verletzte bei Demonstration von Linksautonomen" ,Die Zeit (in German), 10 July 2016This article incorporates information from theGerman Wikipedia .
Published in 17th-19th centuries [ edit ] "Berlin" .Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae .Topographia Germaniae . 1652. 1652/1680Thomas Nugent (1749), "Berlin",The Grand Tour , vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt,hdl :2027/mdp.39015030762572 "Berlin" .A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer . London:John Stockdale . 1800.OCLC 79519893 .Abraham Rees (1819),"Berlin" ,The Cyclopaedia , London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown John Russell (1828),"Berlin" ,A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822 , Edinburgh: Constable,OCLC 614379840 David Brewster, ed. (1830)."Berlin" .Edinburgh Encyclopædia . Edinburgh: William Blackwood. Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Berlin",Descriptive Road-Book of Germany , London:Samuel Leigh ,hdl :2027/hvd.hx167e Mariana Starke (1839),"Berlin" ,Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W.Galignani Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Berlin".Geography .English Cyclopaedia . Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.hdl :2027/nyp.33433000064786 . Berlin and its Treasures . New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1867.George Henry Townsend (1867),"Berlin" ,A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.William Henry Overall , ed. (1870), "Berlin, Prussia",Dictionary of Chronology , London: William Tegg,hdl :2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949 ,OCLC 2613202 "Berlin" ,Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz:Karl Baedeker , 1873,OCLC 5947482 ; famous guidebook"Berlin" .Handbook for North Germany . London:J. Murray . 1877.Henry Vizetelly (1879),Berlin under the New Empire , London: Tinsley Bros.,OCLC 1819784 ,OL 23280773M +v.2 W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Berlin",Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York:Harper & Brothers ,hdl :2027/nyp.33433066588363 James Pollard (1894),A study in municipal government: the corporation of Berlin , Edinburgh: Blackwood,OL 7191669M Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896),"Berlin" ,Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England , Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor,OCLC 8395555 "Berlin" ,Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria , London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1898Published in 20th century [ edit ] in English Robert C. Brooks (1901),"Berlin" ,Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions , Municipal Affairs, vol. 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club,OCLC 1855351 "Berlin" .Chambers's Encyclopaedia . London. 1901.{{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )Berlin and its Environs (3rd ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908,OCLC 00575650 Phillips, Walter Alison (1910)."Berlin" .Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 785– 791.Benjamin Vincent (1910),"Berlin" ,Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911),"Berlin" ,The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards David C. Preyer (1912),The Berlin Galleries , Boston: St. Botolph Society,OCLC 3077308 ,OL 25070700M Joseph Lins (1913)."Berlin" .Catholic Encyclopedia . New York. {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952),"Berlin" ,Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 203,OL 6112221M J.L. Simpson (1957). "Berlin: Allied Rights and Responsibilities in the Divided City".International and Comparative Law Quarterly .6 (1):83– 102.doi :10.1093/iclqaj/6.1.83 .JSTOR 755897 . Wolfgang Hofmann (1969). "West Berlin – The Isolated City in the Twentieth Century".Journal of Contemporary History .4 (3):77– 93.doi :10.1177/002200946900400305 .JSTOR 259732 .S2CID 154750065 . Berlin , Great Cities,Time-Life Books , 1977,OL 3850712M T.H. Elkins; B. Hofmeister (1988),Berlin: the spatial structure of a divided city , London: Methuen,ISBN 0416922201 David Stanley (1992),"Berlin" ,Eastern Europe (2nd ed.),Lonely Planet , p. 86+ John Czaplicka (1995). "History, Aesthetics, and Contemporary Commemorative Practice in Berlin".New German Critique (65):155– 187.doi :10.2307/488540 .JSTOR 488540 . Trudy Ring, ed. (1995)."Berlin" .Northern Europe . International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn.ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9 . Ronald Taylor (1997),Berlin and its culture , New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press,ISBN 0300072007 Wolfgang Schivelbusch (1998),In a cold crater: cultural and intellectual life in Berlin, 1945–1948 , Berkeley: University of California Press,ISBN 0520203666 Evanovich, Janet (1999)."Berlin" .Germany .Let's Go . St Martins Press.ISBN 9780312194833 .OL 24980049M . in German Published in 21st century [ edit ] Jack Holland (2001),Rough Guide to Berlin ,Rough Guides , London,OL 24743282M {{citation }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )Matt Erlin (2003),Berlin's Forgotten Future: City, History, and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Germany , University of North Carolina Press,ISBN 9780807881279 Florian Urban (2003). "Picture Postcards of Urbanity: Reflections on Berlin's Inner City and the 1999 Master Plan".Journal of Architectural Education .57 (1):68– 73.doi :10.1162/104648803322336601 .JSTOR 1425741 .S2CID 109813934 . Hartmut Haussermann (2004). "Berlin: from divided into fragmented city".Greek Review of Social Research . Gösta Arvastson; Tim Butler, eds. (2006)."Shopping Malls and Shishas ... Berlin and Moscow" .Multicultures and Cities .Museum Tusculanum Press .ISBN 978-87-635-0372-3 . Christian Hartel (2006).Berlin: a Short History . Daum, Andreas W. (2008).Kennedy in Berlin . New York: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-85824-3 .Davis, Belinda (2008)."City as theater of protest: West Berlin and West Germany, 1962-83" . InGyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.).Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life . Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0 .Joachim Schlör (2010)."Berlin 1900" . In Christian Hermansen Cordua (ed.).Manifestoes and Transformations in the Early Modernist City . Ashgate Publishing.ISBN 978-0-7546-7948-6 . Agata Anna Lisiak (2010).Urban Cultures in (Post)colonial Central Europe . Purdue University Press.ISBN 978-1-55753-573-3 . (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)Daniel A. Bell; Avner de-Shalit (2011),"Berlin" ,Spirit of Cities: Why the Identity of a City Matters in a Global Age , Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press,ISBN 9780691151441 Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Berlin".Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture .ABC-CLIO . p. 48+.ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9 . Stephen Evans (7 January 2014)."Berlin 1914: A city of ambition and self-doubt" .BBC News . Quinn Slobodian ; Michelle Sterling (2014),"Sacking Berlin" ,The Baffler , no. 23, USA"36 Hours in Berlin" ,New York Times , 12 August 2015
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52°31′00″N 13°23′00″E / 52.516667°N 13.383333°E /52.516667; 13.383333