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Tilopa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian philosopher
"Talika" redirects here. For the village in Iran, seeTalika, Iran.

Tilopa.

Tilopa (Prakrit;Sanskrit:Talika orTilopadā; 988–1069) was an Indian Buddhist tantricmahasiddha who lived along theGanges River.[1] He practisedAnuttarayoga Tantra, a set of spiritual practices intended to accelerate the process of attainingBuddhahood. He became a holder of all the tantric lineages, possibly the only person in his day to do so. In addition to the way of insight andMahamudra, Tilopa learned and passed on the Way of Methods (today known as theSix Yogas of Naropa) and guru yoga.[2]Naropa is considered his main student.

Life

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Tilopa was born into the priestly Brahmincaste inEastern India.[3][page needed] He adopted themonastic life upon receiving orders from adakini[4] (female buddha whose activity is to inspire practitioners) who told him to adopt amendicant anditinerant existence. From the beginning, she made it clear to Tilopa that his real parents were not the persons who had raised him but instead were primordial wisdom and universal voidness. Advised by the dakini, Tilopa gradually took up a monk's life, taking the monastic vows and becoming an erudite scholar. The frequent visits of his Dakini teacher continued to guide his spiritual path and close the gap to enlightenment.[citation needed]


He began to travel throughout India, receiving teachings from many gurus:

As advised by Matangi, Tilopa started to work at a brothel in Bengal for a prostitute called Dharima as her solicitor and bouncer. During the day, he was grinding sesame seeds for his living.[5] During a meditation, he received a vision ofVajradhara and, according to legend, the entirety ofmahamudra was directly transmitted to Tilopa. After receiving the transmission, Tilopa meditated in two caves and bound himself with heavy chains to hold the correct meditation posture. He practised for many years and then met the mind of all buddhas in the form of a Diamond HolderVajradhara. He is considered the grandfather of today'sKagyu Lineage.[2]Naropa, his most important student, became his successor and carried and passed on the teachings. On the premises ofPashupatinath Temple, regarded as the greatestHindu shrine inNepal, there are two caves where Tilopa attainedsiddhis and initiated his disciple Naropa.[6][7]

Teachings

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Mahasiddha Tilopa, southern Tibet, 16th-17th century AD, bronze - Linden-Museum - Stuttgart, Germany.

Six Precepts or Words of Advice

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Tilopa gaveNaropa a teaching called the Six Words of Advice, the originalSanskrit orBengali of which is not extant; the text has reached us in itsTibet a translation. In Tibetan, the teaching is calledgnad kyi gzer drug[8] – literally, "six nails of key points"; the aptness of the title becomes clear if one considers the meaning of the English idiomatic expression, "to hit the nail on the head."

According toKen McLeod, the text contains exactly six words; the two English translations in the following table are attributed to him.

Six Words of Advice
First short, literal translationLater long, explanatory translationTibetan (Wylie transliteration)
1Don't recallLet go of what has passedmi mno
2Don't imagineLet go of what may comemi bsam
3Don't thinkLet go of what is happening nowmi sems
4Don't examineDon't try to figure anything outmi dpyod
5Don't controlDon't try to make anything happenmi sgom
6RestRelax, right now, and restrang sar bzhag


Watts-Wayman translation

An earlier translation circa 1957 byAlan Watts and Dr.Alex Wayman rendered Tilopa's "Six Precepts" as

No thought, no reflection, no analysis,
No cultivation, no intention;
Let it settle itself.

In a footnote, Watts cited a Tibetan source text at partial variance with McLeod's in sequence and syntax, namely:

Mi-mno, mi-bsam, mi-dpyad-ching,
Mi-bsgom, mi-sems, rang-babs-bzhag.

Based on an "elucidation" provided by Wayman, Watts explained that

Mi-mno is approximately equivalent to the Zen termswu-hsin (無心) orwu-nien (無念), "no-mind" or "no thought."Bsam is the equivalent of the Sanskritcintana, i.e., discursive thinking about what has been heard, anddpyad ofmimamsa, or "philosophical analysis."Bsgom is probablybhavana or the Chinesehsiu (修), "to cultivate," "to practice," or "intense concentration."Sems iscetana orszu (思), with the sense of intention or volition.Rang-babs-bzhag is literally "self-settle-establish," and "self-settle" would seem to be an almost exact equivalent of the Taoisttzu-jan (自然,pinyin: zì rán), "self-so", "spontaneous", or "natural".[9]

Watts had studied Chinese, and Wayman was a Tibetologist and professor of Sanskrit associated with UCLA and later Columbia University.

Mahamudra instructions

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Tilopa also gavemahamudra instruction toNaropa by means of the song known as "The Ganges Mahamudra,"[10][page needed] one stanza of which reads:

The fool in his ignorance, disdaining Mahamudra,
Knows nothing but struggle in the flood of samsara.
Have compassion for those who suffer constant anxiety!
Sick of unrelenting pain and desiring release, adhere to a master,
For when his blessing touches your heart, the mind is liberated.[11]

Attachment and enjoyment

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One of the most famous and important statements attributed to Tilopa is: "The problem is not enjoyment; the problem is attachment."[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Nydahl, Ole (2019).The Four Foundational Practices of the Great Seal. Ontario WI: Diamond Way Press. p. 117.
  2. ^abNydahl, Ole (2019).The Four Foundational Practices of the Great Seal. Ontario WI: Diamond Way Press. p. 119.
  3. ^Lopez, Donald (2013)."Tilopa".The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3.
  4. ^Mar-Pa, Chos-Kyi Blo-Gros (1995). Cayley, Vyvyan (ed.).The Life of the Mahasiddha Tilopa. Translated by Torricelli, Fabrizio; Naga, Acharya Sangye T. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. pp. 28,43–44.ISBN 978-81-85102-91-7.
  5. ^Kagyu Lineage History: TilopaArchived 28 February 2013 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^"Lhundrup Tsek (Pashupati, Kathmandu Valley)".Nekhor. Retrieved15 August 2024.
  7. ^"Tilopa Cave, Pashupatinath, Kathmandu, Nepal - Sannidhi The Presence". 17 December 2022. Retrieved15 August 2024.
  8. ^Tsele Natsok Rangdröl (tr. Erik Pema Kunsang),Lamp of Mahamudra: The Immaculate Lamp that Perfectly and Fully Illuminates The Meaning of Mahamudra, The Essence of All Phenomena, Boston & Shaftesbury: Shambhala, 1989, p. 72 and n. 18.
  9. ^Watts, Alan (1999) [First published 1957].The Way of Zen. Vintage Books. p. 79 and n. 3.
  10. ^Rinpoche, Thrangu (2002).The Life of Tilopa and the Ganges Mahamudra. Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Trust.ISBN 978-1-877294-22-8.
  11. ^Keith Dowman / Tilopa's Instruction to Naropa
  12. ^Institute, Garchen."Tilopa | Garchen Buddhist Institute". Retrieved6 August 2023.

Bibliography

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External links

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Wikiquote has quotations related toTilopa.
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