TheTiglian, also referred to as theTegelen, is a temperate complex stage in the glacial history of Northern Europe. It is preceded by thePraetiglian (stage). The stage was introduced by Zagwijn in 1957 based on geological formations inTegelen in southern Netherlands. Originally, it was thought to be part of a sequence of glacials and interglacials, namely Praetiglian (cold), Tiglian (warm),Eburonian (cold),Waalian (warm),Menapian (cold), andBavelian (warm).[1]
The Praetiglian and Tiglian are today regarded as corresponding to theBiber stage in the glacial history of the Alps and to theGelasian (2.6-1.8 million years ago) in the global division of theQuaternary period. Deep sea core samples have identified approximately 40marine isotope stages (MIS 103 – MIS 64) during the Gelasian.[2] Thus, there have probably been about 20 glacial cycles of varying intensity during Praetiglian and Tiglian. The dominant trigger is believed to be the 41 000 yearMilankovitch cycles of axial tilt.[3][4]
The Gelasian of Northern Europe has subsequently been subdivided as follows:[1]
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