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Tifariti

Coordinates:26°09′29″N10°34′01″W / 26.158°N 10.567°W /26.158; -10.567
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Temporary capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Western Sahara
Tifariti
تيفاريتي
Tifariti, 2005
Tifariti, 2005
Official seal of Tifariti
Seal
Tifariti is located in Western Sahara
Tifariti
Tifariti
Location in Western Sahara
Show map of Western Sahara
Tifariti is located in Africa
Tifariti
Tifariti
Tifariti (Africa)
Show map of Africa
Coordinates:26°9′29″N10°34′1″W / 26.15806°N 10.56694°W /26.15806; -10.56694
TerritoryWestern Sahara
Claimed byMoroccoKingdom of Morocco,
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Controlled by Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Government
 • TypeMunicipality[1]
 • MayorMohammed Salem Dayah[2]
Area
 • Total
6.78 km2 (2.62 sq mi)
Elevation
490 m (1,610 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
3,000
 • Density440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
ClimateBWh

Tifariti (Arabic:تيفاريتي) is anoasis town and thetemporary capital of theSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,[3] located in north-easternWestern Sahara, east of theMoroccan Berm, 138 km (86 mi) fromSmara and 15 km (9 mi) north of theborder withMauritania. It is part of whatPolisario Front calls theLiberated Territories andMorocco call theBuffer Zone. It has been thede factotemporary capital of theSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since the government moved there in 2008 fromBir Lehlou. It is the headquarters of the 2nd military region of the SADR.

It is also the name of adaïra of thewilaya ofSmara, in theSahrawi refugee camps.

In 2010, the population of Tifariti was estimated at around 3,000 people.[citation needed]

Tifariti is located betweenSmara, the traditional spiritual centre of the Sahara founded byMa El Ainin, (177 km (110 mi) away)[4] and the Algerian town ofTindouf (320 km (200 mi) away), where theSahrawi refugee camps are located.

The government quarter of Tifariti houses theParliament of the SADR, a hospital, a school, amosque and a museum.[citation needed]

History

[edit]

Primarily an encampment located near an oasis, it was always a kind of seasonal town for theSahrawis, aBedouin people controlling the area sincemedieval times. In 1912, aFrench Foreign Legion expedition commanded by Captain Gerard, who was trying to link with their troops in Morocco, was exterminated by Sahrawi rebel nomads near Tifariti.[5]Then, it was permanently settled and used by the Spanish authorities as an advanced desert military outpost. Now in reconstruction, it is estimated that Tifariti had a population of approximately 7,000 inhabitants in 1975. Its inhabitants largely abandoned the town in 1976 because of the war with Morocco.[6] Tifariti never had many fixed structures, due to the pastoral lifestyle of theSahrawis. It is located in a rugged desert area, with little vegetation.

During the Western Sahara War

[edit]
The effects of the 1991 Moroccan air strikes seen in the former Spanish barracks of Tifariti.

Tifariti was the place of several battles during theWestern Sahara War (1975–1991) and served as a military base and stronghold for both sides at various points of the war. It was also used as a stopping place for Sahrawi refugees en route toTindouf (Algeria) during the invasion phase (1975–76). Some sources claim that in January 1976 there were 15,000Sahrawi refugees around the town.[7]

The village was briefly occupied by theMoroccan Army in February 1976,[8] but 2 months later it retreated, being reoccupied by the SPLA in March 1977.[5]

In the summer of 1977, Moroccan troops controlled the town once more, this time for nearly two years. In March 1979, and after theBattle of Tifariti, the town was taken by the Polisario troops, theSPLA,[9]

During the 1980s, theMoroccan Wall was constructed north of Tifariti, and the terrain around the town was heavilymined. The risk was greatest east of the Berm, especially in the areas of Mehaires, Tifariti and Bir Lahlou where the Royal Moroccan Army (RMA) conducted offensive operations in August–September 1991. The dangerous result is, among others, scattered cluster bombs, still active in these areas.[10]

In August 1991, weeks before the proclamation of the ceasefire, theRoyal Moroccan Air Force repeatedlybombed Tifariti, destroying the buildings and the wells, as well as killing dozens of civilians.[11][12]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Hospitals and administrative buildings were built here between 1989 and 1991 by foreign aid agencies in preparation for a Sahrawi refugee return to Western Sahara, for the holding of a UN-backed referendum on either independence or integration with Morocco. That infrastructures were destroyed by theRoyal Moroccan Air Force in August 1991, a few days before the proclamation of the cease-fire.[12][13]

AUnited Nationsairstrip and a base for theMINURSO'speace keeping forces is situated close to Tifariti.[14]

Navarra hospital in Tifariti, Western Sahara. (December 3, 2009).

In April 1999, theNavarra Hospital was inaugurated. It was built up with the collaboration of solidarity associations from that Spanishautonomous community.[15] In January 2001, the patients and equipment of the hospital were evacuated, because of the threat of a restarting of the war. Finally, in February 2006, the hospital was re-opened.[16]

On May 21, 2005, and during the celebrations of the 32nd anniversary of the creation of the Polisario Front,Mohamed Abdelaziz (President of theSADR) put the first brick of the building that will host the Sahrawi Parliament, theSahrawi National Council, and also the first brick of the Solidarity Neighbourhood district.[17]

On February 27, 2007 (31st anniversary of the proclamation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) a borough of 150 houses named Solidarity Neighbourhood was inaugurated by SADR's president, Mohamed Abdelaziz. It was built with the help of theAndalusianprovinces ofSevilla andMálaga.[18]On December 21, 2007, Abdelaziz inaugurated a mosque, in the framework of reconstruction and settlement of theFree Zone.[19]

On February 29, 2008, Abdelaziz launched the works of the building of the Mayoralty of Tifariti, a small dam to provide the local population with water[20] and the cornerstone of a sports complex, funded bySouth Africa.

On July 20, 2009, Salek Baba (SADR'S Minister of Reconstruction and Urbanization) visited Tifariti to assess the works of the "Tadamoun" and "Salam" neighbourhoods and a mini-desalination plant.[21]On October 30, 2009,Abdelkader Taleb Omar (Prime minister of the SADR) inaugurated a new district of 20 houses. He stated:

"The opening of these new residences is a portion of a large project of development in progress, includes other parts of the liberated territory ofMeharrize, Bir Tighissit,Bir Lehlu,Mijek andAgounit".

— Abdelkader Taleb Omar. Tifariti. October 28, 2009.[22]

Politics

[edit]
Main article:Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the proclamation of theSahrawi Republic. Tifariti, 27 February 2005.

In October 2003, thePolisario Front held its XI General Popular Congress here, electing officials to its executive National Secretariat, the exile parliament of theSahrawi National Council, as well as reelecting (92%)Mohamed Abdelaziz as Secretary General.[23]

In December 2007, with the presence of 250 international delegates, the XII General Popular Congress of the POLISARIO was held again in Tifariti. Abdelaziz was reelected again (85%),[24] although he proposed to regulate alternation in the leadership of the Polisario Front.[25] Also, the members of the National Secretariat were elected.[26]

Between 2010 and 2012, Larabas Said Jumani (a former minister of theSADR) was the first mayor of Tifariti.[27] He was replaced in 2012 by Mohammed Salem Dayah.[2]

Culture

[edit]
ARTifariti 2008

In February 2009, the town hosted the "International Conference on Urbanization and Reconstruction of Liberated Areas".[28] The participants signed the "Declaration of Tifariti", with three principal aims:

  • Rebuilding and reconstruction of the liberated territories of Western Sahara.
  • Preservation of the Spanish language, through the establishment of the "Saharawi Academy for the Spanish language".
  • Promotion of the establishment of the "Tifariti University".[29]

Festivals

[edit]

Since 2007, Tifariti has been the scenery of "ARTifariti", an annual international encounter of artists from several countries. The art pieces are made in the town and remain there, in the museum of Tifariti or outdoors.On 27 February 2011 Tifariti hosted the 35th anniversary of the proclamation of theSaharawi Arab Democratic Republic.[30][31]

In 2012, ARTifariti moved its activities to theSahrawi refugee camps inTindouf,Algeria.

Archaeological park

[edit]

Approximately 30 km (20 mi) to the northeast of Tifariti is theErqueyez Archaeological Park. This archaeological site, without precedents in this area, provides an interesting lithic manufacturing works from the Late Paleolithic orEpipaleolithic, mound graves, and more than a hundred caves with rock paintings.[32]

University of Tifariti

[edit]
Main article:University of Tifariti

On 9 February 2013,Sahara Press Service announced thatMohamed Abdelaziz had released on 23 December 2012 apresidential decree establishing the first Sahrawi university, named "University of Tifariti". The President of the SADR also appointed Khatari Ahmudi Abdallahi as the head of the new educational institution.[33]

Sports

[edit]

Since 2009, Tifariti is the finish line of the "Sahara Bike Race", a 300 km (190 mi) route in parallel with theMoroccan Wall, that starts in the Wilaya of El Aaiún, in theSahrawi refugee camps.[34]

International relations

[edit]

Twin towns and sister cities

[edit]

Tifariti istwinned with:

Gallery

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"Allocating seats for the liberated territories in Parliament will be considered in the next election (Official)".Sahara Press Service. 2012-02-20. Archived fromthe original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved2012-02-07.
  2. ^ab"Minister of Defense receives Ross in liberated Tifariti".Sahara Press Service. 2012-03-11. Archived fromthe original on 2014-12-22. Retrieved2012-03-11.
  3. ^"Sahara Occidental – Actualités 2008, février". February 2008.Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved17 September 2016.
  4. ^"La Mili en el Sáhara - Asociación Nacional Veteranos Mili Sáhara".www.sahara-mili.net.Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved18 April 2018.
  5. ^ab"Festivities of 35th anniversary marking proclamation of SADR kick off". SPS. 2011-02-27. Retrieved2011-02-03.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^Marvin Howe,Saharan Guerrillas Roam Freely In Territory Ceded to MoroccansArchived 2018-07-22 at theWayback Machine,New York Times, 15 mars 1977.
  7. ^Surendra Bhutani, Conflict on Western Sahara, Strategic Analysis, 1754-0054, Volume 2, Issue 7, 1978, p. 251– 256.
  8. ^"Las tropas marroquíes ocupan el oasis de Tifariti, en el Sahara" (in Spanish).ABC. 1976-02-07.Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved2010-09-11.
  9. ^"Tifariti, symbol of resistance against the occupier". SPS. 2007-12-20. Retrieved2010-09-09.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^"MINURSO".MINURSO.Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved18 April 2018.
  11. ^Ana Camacho (1991-08-08)."Marruecos bombardea 'zonas liberadas' del Polisario" (in Spanish).El País.Archived from the original on 2023-10-24. Retrieved2010-11-09.
  12. ^ab"La aviación marroquí bombardea uno de los principales oasis del Sáhara" (in Spanish).ABC. 1991-08-28.Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved2010-11-09.
  13. ^Milestones in the Western Sahara conflict.Archived 2012-02-27 at theWayback Machine MINURSO.
  14. ^Michael Bhatia,Western Sahara under Polisario ControlArchived 2017-10-18 at theWayback Machine: Summary Report of Field Mission to the Sahrawi Refugee Camps (near Tindouf, Algeria) inReview of African political economy, number 88, June 2001.
  15. ^"Recortes de prensa de la inauguración del Hospital Navarra en Tifariti. 1999" (in Spanish). LEFRIG (Centro de Documentación y Museo de la Resistencia del Pueblo Saharaui y la Solidaridad Internacional). 2009-04-13.Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved2010-10-09.
  16. ^"Refugiados Saharauis: instalación fotovoltaica en el Hospital Navarra de Tifariti" (in Spanish). ANARASD. Archived fromthe original on 2011-09-04. Retrieved2010-10-09.
  17. ^"The President of the Republic put the first brick in the new building of the Saharawi Parliament".SPS. 2005-05-22. Archived fromthe original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved2010-10-09.
  18. ^Viviendas con ayuda andaluzaArchived 2016-11-28 at theWayback MachineFlickr(in Spanish)
  19. ^"The Head of the Saharawi State inaugurates a mosque in Tifariti".SPS. 2007-12-21. Retrieved2010-10-09.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^"The President of the Republic inaugurates social projects in Tifariti".SPS. 2008-02-29. Retrieved2010-10-09.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^"Urbanization of liberated territories, Minister in charge inspects projects in course of execution".SPS. 2009-07-20. Retrieved2010-09-11.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^"Inauguration of new residential district in Tifariti (liberated territories)".SPS. 2009-10-30. Retrieved2010-09-09.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^"Communiques 2003". Archived fromthe original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved18 April 2018.
  24. ^"POLISARIO's XIIth congress re-elect Mohamed Abdelaziz as Secretary General".SPS. 2007-12-20. Retrieved2010-09-10.[permanent dead link]
  25. ^"POLISARIO's sitting Secretary General proposes alternation on the leadership of the movement".SPS. 2007-12-17. Retrieved2010-09-10.[permanent dead link]
  26. ^"POLISARIO Front's 12th congress elects 25 members of the National Secretariat".SPS. 2007-12-21. Archived fromthe original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved2010-09-10.
  27. ^"El parque del Alamillo de Sevilla se hermana con el huerto de Tifariti en el Sáhara Occidental" (in Spanish).El Mundo. 2010-10-24.Archived from the original on 2012-10-03. Retrieved2010-10-24.
  28. ^"International Conference on urbanization and reconstruction of liberated areas".SPS. 2009-02-24. Retrieved2010-09-14.[permanent dead link]
  29. ^"Sahara-Spain: University of the Desert". Universityworldnews.com. 2009-06-07.Archived from the original on 2015-06-27. Retrieved2010-09-14.
  30. ^"Western Sahara: 35 years of colonisation and exile is enough". 3 March 2011.Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved18 April 2018.
  31. ^http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=16654[permanent dead link]
  32. ^Teresa Muñiz López (2005)."Los abrigos con pinturas rupestres de Erqueyez (Tifariti, Sáhara Occidental). Prospección arqueológica: Diseño y resultados"(PDF) (in Spanish). @rqueología y Territorio. Nº 2. p. 1-17.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved2010-09-14.
  33. ^"Establishment of first Saharawi University in liberated Tifariti (presidential decree)". SPS. 2013-02-09. Archived fromthe original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved2013-02-10.
  34. ^Sahara bike raceArchived 2021-01-26 at theWayback Machine(in Spanish, English, French, Italian, and German)
  35. ^abcdGemellaggi e Patti di Amicizia[permanent dead link] Regione Toscana - Consiglio Regionale, 27 March 2010(in Italian)
  36. ^"Aytº de Artea (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  37. ^"Aytº de Balmaseda (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  38. ^"Aytº de Bedia (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  39. ^Se firma un pacto de amistad entre las localidades de Tifariti y Compomarino (Molise) Yahoo España (SPS)(in Spanish)
  40. ^Acta de la Sesion Extraordinaria Celebrada Por El Excmo. Ayuntamiento Pleno El Día Tres de Octubre de Dos Mil Doce = Punto 5º. - Propuesta de Aprobación de Constitución de Comité del Hermanamiento Con la Localidada de Tifariti.Archived 2013-07-31 at theWayback Machine Carmona.org(in Spanish)
  41. ^"Tifariti firma un hermanamiento con el municipio Caroní del Estado de Bolívar" (in Spanish).Sahara Press Service. 2011-07-25. Archived fromthe original on 2013-04-13. Retrieved2012-02-14.
  42. ^"Aytº de Dima (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  43. ^"Aytº de Igorre (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  44. ^Se firma un acta de hermanamiento entre una ciudad venezolana y Tifariti Yahoo! España (SPS), 27 November 2005(in Spanish)
  45. ^HermanamientosArchived 2013-04-15 atarchive.today Ayuntamiento de Los Palacios y Villafranca(in Spanish)
  46. ^"Aytº de Arrasate-Mondragón (Gipuzkoa)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  47. ^"Reggiolo mayor urges Italian government to recognize SADR". SPS. 2014-02-11. Archived fromthe original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved2014-02-12.
  48. ^Twinning countriesArchived 2016-03-04 at theWayback Machine Comune di Signa
  49. ^"Aytº de Trucíos (Bizkaia)" (in Spanish).Euskal Fondoa. Archived fromthe original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved2013-02-14.
  50. ^Venta de Baños se hermanará con una localidad saharauiEl Norte de Castilla, 16 December 2009(in Spanish)


External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toTifariti.
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History
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26°09′29″N10°34′01″W / 26.158°N 10.567°W /26.158; -10.567

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