| Tidore | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | North Maluku, islands ofTidore, Maitara, Mare, northern half of Moti, and some areas of west coast ofHalmahera |
Native speakers | (26,000 cited 1981)[1] 20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[1] |
West Papuan?
| |
| Latin script,Arabic script (historically)[2][3] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tvo |
| Glottolog | tido1248 |
| ELP | Tidore |
  Tidore Location in Southeast Asia | |
| Coordinates:0°1′N127°44′E / 0.017°N 127.733°E /0.017; 127.733 | |
Tidore is a language ofNorth Maluku,Indonesia, spoken by theTidore people.[4] The language is centered on the island ofTidore, but it is also spoken on the neighbouring islands ofMare andMoti to the south, and Maitara to the northwest of Tidore, as well as in some areas of the neighbouringHalmahera.[4] Historically, it was the primary language of theSultanate of Tidore, a major Moluccan Muslim state.[2]
ANorth Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to theAustronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of theBird's Head Peninsula,West Papua.[1][5]: 20
Tidore is a regional lingua franca, used for interethnic communication in the Central Halmahera area.[6] Since the 17th century, it had some influence as a trade language in the Moluccan-New Guinean region.[2] It is closely related toTernate,[1] of which it is sometimes considered a dialect.[7] Both Ternate and Tidore have been recorded in writing at least since the late 15th century,[3]: 430 being the onlynon-Austronesian (or "Papuan") languages of the region with indigenous (pre-European) literary traditions.[2]: 112, fn. 2
All Tidore speakers are also conversant inNorth Moluccan Malay, the language of wider communication, and the contact between Malay and Tidore has left a great mark on the local language. There are many North Moluccan Malay and Indonesian loans in Tidore, and the language exhibits strong Austronesian influence in general.[8]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
A flap consonant can be heard as alveolar or post-alveolar[ɾ̠].[9]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
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