Tidore | |
|---|---|
| City of Tidore Islands Kota Tidore Kepulauan | |
 Tidore Island, as seen fromTernate Island. | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto: Toma Loa Se Banari (The Conscience of the People) | |
 Location withinMaluku Islands | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
| Coordinates:0°41′N127°24′E / 0.683°N 127.400°E /0.683; 127.400 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Maluku Islands |
| Province |  North Maluku |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Muhammad Senin [id] |
| • Vice Mayor | Ahmad Laiman [id] |
| Area | |
• City | 1,703.32 km2 (657.66 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 126.18 km2 (48.72 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2024 estimate) | |
• City | 121,952 |
| • Density | 71.5966/km2 (185.434/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 66,885 |
| • Metro density | 530.08/km2 (1,372.9/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Indonesia Eastern Time) |
| Postcodes | 978xx |
| Area code | (+62) 921 |
| Vehicle registration | DG |
| Website | tidorekota.go.id |
Tidore (Indonesian:Kota Tidore Kepulauan, lit. "City of Tidore Islands") is a city, island, and archipelago in theMaluku Islands of easternIndonesia, west of the larger island ofHalmahera. Part ofNorth Maluku Province, the city includes the island of Tidore (with three smaller outlying islands -Mare, Maitara and Filonga) together with a large part of Halmahera Island to its east. In the pre-colonial era, theSultanate of Tidore was a major regional political and economic power, and a fierce rival of nearbyTernate, just to the north. Included within the city is the provincial capital,Sofifi, which is situated on the mainland of Halmahera (in North Oba District).
Tidore Island consists of a largestratovolcano which rises from the seafloor to an elevation of 1,730 m (5,676 ft) abovesea level at the conicalKie Matubu on the south end of the island. The northern side of the island contains acaldera,Sabale, with two smaller volcanic cones within it.
Immediately to the south of Tidore Island lies a string of three smaller islands, each being the summit of a separate stratovolcano. From north to south these islands areMare (part of Tidore Islands City),Moti (administratively a district ofTernate city) andMakian (administratively forming two districts withinSouth Halmahera Regency).
Soasio is Tidore's capital. It has its own port, Goto, and it lies on the eastern edge of the island. It has a mini bus terminal and a market. The sultan's palace was rebuilt with completion in 2010.[2]
Tidore was the center of a spice-funded sultanate that arose in the 15th century. It spent much of its history in the shadow ofTernate, another sultanate with which it had a dualistic relationship.[3]
Islam spread to Tidore around the late 15th century but Islamic influence in the area can be traced further back to the late 14th century.[4]
The sultans of Tidore ruled most of southernHalmahera, and, at times, controlledBuru, EastCeram and many of the islands off the coast ofNew Guinea.[5] Tidore established an alliance with theSpanish in the sixteenth century, and Spain had several forts on the island. There was mutual distrust between the Tidorese and the Spanish but for the Tidorese the Spanish presence was helpful in resisting the incursions of the Ternateans and their ally theDutch, who had a fort on Ternate. For the Spanish, backing the Tidore state helped check the expansion of Dutch power that threatened their nearby Asia-Pacific interests, provided a useful base right next to the centre of Dutch power in the region and was a source of spices for trade.[6]
Although nominally part of theSpanish East Indies in the later sixteenth century and well into the seventeenth century, the Tidoresultanate established itself as one of the strongest and most independent states in the region. After the Spanish left in 1663, it continued to resist direct control by theDutch East India Company (the VOC). Particularly under SultanSaifuddin (r. 1657–1687), the Tidore court was skilled at using Dutch payment forspices for gifts to strengthen traditional ties with Tidore's traditional peripheral territories. As a result, he was widely respected by many local populations, and had little need to call on foreign military help for governing the kingdom, unlike Ternate which frequently relied upon Dutch military assistance.[7]
Tidore long remained an independent state, albeit with growing Dutch interference, until the late eighteenth century. Like Ternate, Tidore allowed the Dutch spice eradication program (extirpatie) to proceed in its territories.[8] This program, intended to strengthen the Dutch spice monopoly by limiting production to a few places, impoverished Tidore and weakened its control over its periphery.
In 1780 Tidore was forced to sign a treaty that reduced it to a Dutch vassal. The discontented PrinceNuku left Tidore and declared himself Sultan of the Papuan Islands. This was the beginning ofa guerilla war which lasted for many years.[9] The Papuans, south-east Halmaherans and eastCeramese sided with the rebellious Prince Nuku. The British sponsored Nuku as part of their campaign against the Dutch in the Moluccas. CaptainThomas Forrest was intimately connected with Nuku and represented the British as ambassador. Nuku could finally take Tidore in 1797 and helped the British to conquer Ternate in 1801.[10] However, his successor Zainal Abidin was expelled by Dutch forces in 1806 and Tidore was firmly brought under colonial rule.[11]
The sultanate was abolished in theSukarno era and re-established in 1999 with the 36th sultan.[3] Tidore was largely spared from thesectarian conflict of 1999 across the Maluku Islands.[3]
The island, together with three smaller islands (Mare, Maitara and Filonga) and an adjacent much larger section (called "Oba") ofHalmahera Island, constitutes a municipality (kotamadya) within the province ofNorth Maluku. It is officially called the "Tidore Islands City" because it includes four islands (the main island of Tidore, plus the three nearby smaller islands ofMare, Maitara and Filonga) as well as the Oba area on mainland Halmahera (also including minor offshore islands). The whole municipality covers an area of 1,703.32 square kilometres (657.66 sq mi) and had a 2010 Census population of 90,530;[12] the 2020 Census produced a total of 115,305[13] and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 121,952 (comprising 62,631 males and 59,321 females).[1]
It is divided into eightdistricts (kecamatan), of which four constitute the island of Tidore (including the three small islands) and the other four constitute the Oba area on the 'mainland' of Halmahera. These are tabulated below with their areas (in sq km) and their populations at the 2010 Census[12] and the 2020 Census,[13] together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number ofadministrative villages in each district (totaling 49 ruraldesa and 40 urbankelurahan), and its post code.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | English name | Area in km2 | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2024 | Admin centre | No. of kelurahan | No. of desa | Post code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 82.72.04 | Tidore Selatan(a)[14] | South Tidore | 26.76 | 13,129 | 14,958 | 15,420 | Gurabati | 6 | 2(b) | 97821 |
| 82.72.05 | Tidore Utara(c)[15] | North Tidore | 46.27 | 14,573 | 17,495 | 18,298 | Rum | 10 | 4(d) | 97823 |
| 82.72.01 | Tidore(e)[16] | (Tidore town, or Soasio) | 23.20 | 18,477 | 23,010 | 23,086 | Tomagoba | 13 | - | 97811 -97813 |
| 82.72.08 | Tidore Timur[17] | East Tidore | 29.95 | 7,657 | 9,603 | 10,081 | Tosa | 7 | - | 97822 |
| (totals on Tidore Island) | 126.18 | 53,836 | 65,066 | 66,885 | 36 | 6 | ||||
| 82.72.03 | Oba[18] | Oba | 374.36 | 10,337 | 13,970 | 14,899 | Payahe | 1(f) | 12 | 97824 |
| 82.72.07 | Oba Selatan[19] | South Oba | 225.25 | 4,892 | 6,937 | 6,939 | Lifofa | - | 7 | 97825 |
| 82.72.02 | Oba Utara(g)[20] | North Oba | 325.31 | 13,331 | 19,193 | 22,368 | Sofifi | 2(h) | 11 | 97827 |
| 82.72.06 | Oba Tengah[21] | Central Oba | 652.22 | 7,659 | 10,139 | 10,861 | Akelamo | 1(i) | 13 | 97826 |
| (totals on Halmahera Island) | 1,577.14 | 36,219 | 50,239 | 55,067 | 4 | 43 |
Notes: (a) including Mare Island (with an area of 6.09 km2 and a population of 968 in mid 2023),[14] which is another stratovolcano island to the south of Tidore. (b) the two villages of Mare Island (Mare Gam and Mare Kofo).
(c) including Maitara island, to the northwest of Tidore (and between Tidore and Ternate), with an area of 2.74 km2 and 2,272 inhabitants in mid 2023.
(d) the four villages on Maitara Island (Maitara, Maitara Selatan, Maitara Tengah and Maitara Utara). (e) including Filonga Island to the northeast of Tidore Island.
(f) Payahekelurahan. (g) including the town ofSofifi, which since 2010 has been the provincial capital of North Maluku. (h) Sofifi and Gurapingkelurahan. (i) Akelamokelurahan.
Regencies and cities ofNorth Maluku | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital:Sofifi | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
