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Tiantai dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wu dialect spoken in Taizhou, China
Tiantai Dialect
天台話 / 天台话
PronunciationTiantai Dialect: [tʰi.tʰai.u]
Native toChina
RegionTiantai County,Taizhou, Zhejiang
Language codes
ISO 639-3

TheTiantai dialect, also known asTiantaihua (simplified Chinese:天台话;traditional Chinese:天台話;pinyin:Tiāntāihuà; Tiantai dialect pronunciation: [tʰi.tʰai.u]) is aregiolect ofWu Chinese in theTaizhou Wu dialect group. It is spoken inTiantai County,Taizhou,Zhejiang province,China.

Like other dialects in the Wu family, Tiantaihua has a three-way contrast betweenvoiced,unaspirated voiceless, andaspirated initial consonants (e.g.,/td/), preserving an earlier feature of Chinese which Mandarin has collapsed into a two-way distinction.

Tiantai dialect
Traditional Chinese天台話
Simplified Chinese天台话
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTiāntāi Huà
IPA[tʰjɛ́n.tʰáɪ.xwâ]
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingTin1 Toi4 waa2
IPA[tʰin˥.tʰɔj˩.wa˧˥]

The Tiantai dialect is the main representative of the northernTaizhou dialect family.

Comparison with Standard Chinese

[edit]

The meaning of many common words and phrases in the Tiantai dialect differs from that of Standard Chinese. Below is a list of common differences:

Difference of meaning of words
Chinese wordOriginal meaningMeaning in the Tiantai dialectReferences
味道TasteComfort, enjoyment[1]
老實好Honestly goodPraise, very good
煞夾Tightly squeezedVery powerful
老官Veteran officialHusband
天亮Sunrise, dawnTomorrow
拔好Properly pulledImmediately
活動ActivitySmart, intelligent
LongevitySilliness, lack of empathy[2]
SloppyBad behaviour[3]
大慧Very intelligentAble person[4]
大吹Big blowStupid person[5]

Proverbs and phrases in the Tiantai dialect can be shorter in comparison with the corresponding phrase in Standard Chinese. For example, the phrase "露出馬腳" (literally "exposing the cloven hoof", metaphorically "exposed") is shortened to the phrase "出腳", literally meaning "taking the foot out".[1]

Sentences can be shorter as well; see the example below.[6]

OriginalChinese小王比起來還是小李
EnglishLiteralAsJohncompared to,it's stillTerrytaller.
RearrangedAscompared to John(who is)
ContractedLiteralAs compared to Johnit'sstillTerrywho istaller
Chinese小王小李

Pronouns

[edit]
Pronouns in the Tiantai dialect[7]
PersonRegular Chinese pronounEnglish equivalentTiantai dialect pronoun(s)
1st person singularI
2nd person singularyou (singular)[n 1]
3rd person singularhe佢/渠[n 2]
she
it (animals)
it (objects)
1st person plural我們we我等/我拉/我拉個/項等
2nd person plural你們you (plural)爾拉/爾拉個
3rd person plural他們they佢拉/佢拉個/渠拉/渠拉個
她們
牠們
它們
  1. ^The word "爾" stands for "you" inmiddle Chinese.
  2. ^These words are thought to have come from the word "其", a 3rd person pronoun inMiddle Chinese.

Syllable structure

[edit]

Initials

[edit]
Table ofconsonants(translated from[8])
ConsonantVoicelessunaspiratedplosiveVoicelessaspirated plosivePlosivevoicedVoicelessfricativeVoicedfricativeGlottalised?[citation needed]half voicedHalf voiced
ConsonantExampleConsonantExampleConsonantExampleConsonantExampleConsonantExampleConsonantExampleConsonantExample
Labialpphbf 敷v'mm
Dentaltstshdzs 生z'll
Coronaltthd'nn
Alveolo-palatalcch穿jshzh
Velarkkhg'ngng
Glottal'hghy
w

Finals

[edit]
Table ofvowels(translated from[8])
See also:Four hu
Open mouthClosed mouthEven teethRound mouth
VowelExampleVowelExampleVowelExampleVowelExample
y
i
uiu
auaia
euei.e.
ouo
aeuae
oeuoeioe
auiau
euieu
ou
anuanian
aonuaoniaon
enuen
iniuin
onion
aehuaeh
ahuahiah
aohuaohiaoh
ehieh
ihiuih
oehuoehioeh
ohioh
mnng

Tones

[edit]

There are 8 tones in the Tiantai dialect, which are obtained by splitting each of the four tones inMandarin toyin (陰) andyang (陽).

Tones in Tiantai dialect[9]
Tone nameTone letters
yin ping (陰平)˧˧ (33)
yang ping (陽平)˨˦ (24)
yin shang (陰上)˧˨˥ (325)
yang shang (陽上)˨˩˦ (214)
yin qu (陰去)˥˥ (55)
yang qu (陽去)˧˥ (35)
yin ru (陰入)˥ʔ (5)
yang ru (陽入)˨˧ʔ (23)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab天台話100句翻譯,啥意思格 [100 Sentences in the Tiantai Dialect and What do they Mean].iFuun.com (in Chinese). 17 July 2017. Retrieved13 December 2019.
  2. ^天台話中「壽頭」是指什麼頭? [What Does "Long-Lived Head" Mean in the Tiantai Dialect?].iFuun.com (in Chinese). 2 September 2017. Retrieved13 December 2019.
  3. ^Dai, Zhaoming 戴昭铭 (2006).浙江天台方言词考源数则 [Etymological Notes on Dialectal Words of Tiantai Dialect in Zhejiang Province].方言 (in Chinese).2006 (4):374–377.
  4. ^Wang, Lin 汪林 (2008).大慧天台.安徽文學 (in Chinese).2008 (12):144–145.
  5. ^Chen, Luqian 陈露茜 (2012).从吴语趣谈“个”字 [Talking About the Word “个” from Wu Chinese].文学教育 (in Chinese).2012 (9):132–133.
  6. ^Xiong, Zhongru 熊仲儒 (2007).現代漢語與方言中差比句的句法結構分析 [An Analysis of Syntactic Structure of Difference Sentences in Modern Chinese and Regional Dialects](PDF).Language and Linguistics (in Chinese).8 (4):1043–1063.
  7. ^Dai, Zhaoming 戴昭铭 (2003).浙江天台方言的代词 [The Pronouns of the Tiantai Dialect in Zhejiang].方言 (in Chinese).2003 (4):314–323.
  8. ^ab天台话拼音方案 [Pinyin Scheme of the Tiantai Dialect].通用吴语拼音 (in Chinese). 15 March 2008. Retrieved13 December 2019.
  9. ^Dai, Zhaoming 戴昭铭 (1999).天台话的几种语法现象.方言 (in Chinese).1999 (4):249–258.
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