| Country of origin | China |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | LandSpace |
| Status | Active |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | LOX /CH4 |
| Mixture ratio | 2.92 |
| Cycle | Gas-generator cycle |
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 45 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 745kilonewtons (167,000 lbf) for sea level nozzle 785kilonewtons (176,000 lbf) for vacuum nozzle |
| Thrust, sea-level | 658kilonewtons (148,000 lbf) |
| Chamberpressure | 10.1 MPa (1,460 psi) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 337 s |
| Specific impulse, sea-level | 284.5 s |
| Dimensions | |
| Measurement | 3.9 m |
| Diameter | 1.5 m |
| Used in | |
| ZQ-2 | |
| References | |
| Notes | [1][2][3] |
TheTQ-12 (Chinese:天鹊-12;pinyin:Tiānquè-12, lit.Sky Lark 12) is agas-generator cyclerocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen (methalox) developed byLandSpace.[4] TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding.[5] The engine has been designed to produce 670kilonewtons (150,000 lbf) of thrust at sea level.[6]
Five of the TQ-12 engines were used on each of the three Zhuque-2 launches.
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion with: how was engine conceived? when?. You can help byadding missing information.(November 2024) |
The engine passed its firstpowerpack test including theturbopump, valves,ignition components, and thegas generator at a LandSpace facility inHuzhou on March 25, 2019.[7]
The engine's first full assembly was delivered in May 2019, and ahot fire test was successfully conducted the same month.[8][9] The engine passed its first 200 second duration variable thrust test on October 26, 2019.[3] A series of 400s hot fire tests were conducted in January 2021 and the first-stage engine assembly for LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket was completed in February 2021. The Zhuque-2 launch vehicle first stage has four TQ-12 engines providing a takeoff thrust of 268 tons.[10] The 2nd stage has a single TQ-12 engine.
37 TQ-12 family engines had been built by LandSpace as of July 2022, with cumulative hot fire test duration of more than 20,000 seconds. A record-breaking 3357 seconds of hot fire time were accumulated by one engine over 11 firings.[11]
In August 2022, LandSpace successfully tested an improved TQ-12A. Compared with the original TQ-12, the engine thrust is increased by 9%, the specific impulse is increased by 40 m/s, and the weight is reduced by 100kg.[11]
On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. Four TQ-12 engines powered the first stage, which performed normally during the flight. However, theTQ-11 vernier engines used in the second stage failed, and the rocket was lost.[12]
In July 2023, the 2nd launch ofZhuque-2 was successful and the payload reached orbit.[citation needed]
In December 2023, the 3rd and final launch of Zhuque-2 was successful.
The subsequent Zhuque-2E usesTQ-15 engines.
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