 Cover ofTiHKAL, 1st ed. | |
| Author | Alexander andAnn Shulgin |
|---|---|
| Subject | Pharmacology,Autobiography,Psychedelic drugs |
| Publisher | Transform Press |
Publication date | 1997 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Paperback |
| Pages | xxviii, 804 p. |
| ISBN | 0-9630096-9-9 |
| OCLC | 38503252 |
| Preceded by | PiHKAL (1991) |
TiHKAL: The Continuation, also known asTryptamines I Have Known and Loved, is a 1997 book written byAlexander Shulgin andAnn Shulgin.[1][2] It is about a family ofpsychoactive drugs known astryptamines, which includespsychedelics, otherhallucinogens, andentactogens.[1][2] The book has two halves, and the second part of the book contains detailed entries on 55 tryptamines.[2]TiHKAL is a sequel toPiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) (1991).[1][2]
TiHKAL, much like its predecessorPiHKAL, is divided into two parts.[2] The first part, for which all rights are reserved, begins with a fictionalized autobiography, picking up where the similar section ofPiHKAL left off; it then continues with a collection of essays on topics ranging frompsychotherapy and theJungian mind to the prevalence ofDMT in nature,ayahuasca and thewar on drugs.[2]
The second part ofTiHKAL, which may be conditionally distributed for non-commercial reproduction(see§ External links, below), is a detailedsynthesis manual for 55 tryptamines (many discovered by Alexander Shulgin himself), including theirchemical structures,doses,durations, and commentary.[2] It includes entries on compounds including simple tryptamines likedimethyltryptamine (DMT),psilocin, and5-MeO-DMT,α-alkyltryptamines likeα-methyltryptamine (AMT),β-carbolines orharmala alkaloids likeharmaline, theiboga alkaloidibogaine, andlysergamides likeLSD.[2] WhereasPiHKAL had 179 entries onphenethylamines,TiHKAL has only 55 entries.[3][2] Shulgin has made the second part freely available onErowid while the first part is available only in the printed text.
Members of Shulgin's research who contributed to the experience reports included Shulgin himself,Ann Shulgin,Myron Stolaroff, and Jean Stolaroff, among others.[4][5]
As withPiHKAL, the Shulgins were motivated to release the synthesis information as a way to protect the public's access to information about psychedelic compounds, a goal Alexander Shulgin has noted many times.[6] Following a raid of his laboratory in 1994 by theUnited States DEA,[7] Richard Meyer, spokesman for DEA's San Francisco Field Division, stated that "It is our opinion that those books [referring to the previous work,PiHKAL are pretty much cookbooks on how to make illegal drugs. Agents tell me that in clandestine labs that they have raided, they have found copies of those books."
Some compounds inTiHKAL, includingdimethyltryptamine (DMT),psilocybin (4-PO-DMT),psilocin (4-HO-DMT),bufotenin (5-HO-DMT),5-MeO-DMT,α-methyltryptamine (AMT),lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),harmaline, andibogaine, are widely known and/or usedhallucinogens.[2]
| # | Substance | Chemical name | Group | Dosea | Duration | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AL-LAD (6-allyl-6-nor-LSD) | 6-Allyl-N,N-diethyl-NL | Lysergamide | 80–160 μg | 6–8 hours | [1] |
| 2 | DBT (dibutyltryptamine) | N,N-Dibutyl-T | Tryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [2] |
| 3 | DET (diethyltryptamine) | N,N-Diethyl-T | Tryptamine | 50–100 mg | 2–4 hours | [3] |
| 4 | DiPT (diisopropyltryptamine) | N,N-Diisopropyl-T | Tryptamine | 25–100 mg | 6–8 hours | [4] |
| 5 | α,O-DMS (5-MeO-AMT) | 5-Methoxy-α-methyl-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 2.5–4.5 mg | 12–18 hours | [5] |
| 6 | DMT (dimethyltryptamine) | N,N-Dimethyl-T | Tryptamine | Variousb | Up to 1 hour | [6] |
| 7 | 2,α-DMT (2-methyl-AMT) | 2,α-Dimethyl-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 300–500 mg | 7–10 hours | [7] |
| 8 | α,N-DMT (N-methyl-AMT) | α,N-Dimethyl-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 50–100 mg | 6–8 hours | [8] |
| 9 | DPT (dipropyltryptamine) | N,N-Dipropyl-T | Tryptamine | 100–250 mg | 2–4 hours | [9] |
| 10 | EiPT (ethylisopropyltryptamine) | N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl-T | Tryptamine | 24–40 mg | 4–6 hours | [10] |
| 11 | α-ET (AET; α-ethyltryptamine) | α-Ethyl-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 100–150 mg | 6–8 hours | [11] |
| 12 | ETH-LAD (6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD) | 6,N,N-Triethyl-NL | Lysergamide | 40–150 μg | 8–12 hours | [12] |
| 13 | Harmaline (dihydroharmine) | 3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-BC | β-Carboline | 150–300 mg | 5–8 hours | [13] |
| 14 | Harmine | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-BC | β-Carboline | >300 mg | Unknown | [14] |
| 15 | 4-HO-DBT | N,N-Dibutyl-4-hydroxy-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | >20 mg | Unknown | [15] |
| 16 | 4-HO-DET | N,N-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | 10–25 mg | 4–6 hours | [16] |
| 17 | 4-HO-DiPT | N,N-Diisopropyl-4-hydroxy-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | 15–20 mg | 2–3 hours | [17] |
| 18 | 4-HO-DMT (psilocin) | N,N-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | 10–20 mg | 3–6 hours | [18] |
| 19 | 5-HO-DMT (bufotenin) | N,N-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy-T | 5-Hydroxytryptamine | 8–16 mgi.v. | 1–2 hours | [19] |
| 20 | 4-HO-DPT | N,N-Dipropyl-4-hydroxy-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [20] |
| 21 | 4-HO-MET | N-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | 10–20 mg | 4–6 hours | [21] |
| 22 | 4-HO-MiPT | 4-Hydroxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | 12–25 mg | 4–6 hours | [22] |
| 23 | 4-HO-MPT | 4-Hydroxy-N-methyl-N-propyl-T | 4-Hydroxytryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [23] |
| 24 | 4-HO-pyr-T | 4-Hydroxy-N,N-tetramethylene-T | Pyrrolidinylethylindole | >20 mg | Unknown | [24] |
| 25 | Ibogaine | A complexly substituted-T | Azepinoindole | Variousc | "Quite long" | [25] |
| 26 | LSD (METH-LAD) | N,N-Diethyl-L | Lysergamide | 60–200 μg | 8–12 hours | [26] |
| 27 | MBT (methylbutyltryptamine) | N-Butyl-N-methyl-T | Tryptamine | 250–400 mg | 4–6 hours | [27] |
| 28 | 4,5-MDO-DiPT | N,N-Diisopropyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-T | Other | >25 mg | Unknown | [28] |
| 29 | 5,6-MDO-DiPT | N,N-Diisopropyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T | Other | Unknown | Unknown | [29] |
| 30 | 4,5-MDO-DMT | N,N-Dimethyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-T | Other | Unknown | Unknown | [30] |
| 31 | 5,6-MDO-DMT | N,N-Dimethyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T | Other | >5 mg | Unknown | [31] |
| 32 | 5,6-MDO-MiPT | N-Isopropyl-N-methyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-T | Other | >50 mg | Unknown | [32] |
| 33 | 2-Me-DET (2-methyl-DET) | N,N-Diethyl-2-methyl-T | Other | 80–120 mg | 6–8 hours | [33] |
| 34 | 2-Me-DMT (2-methyl-DMT) | 2,N,N-Trimethyl-T | Other | 50–100 mg | 4–6 hours | [34] |
| 35 | Melatonin (5-MeO-NAcT) | N-Acetyl-5-methoxy-T | N-Acetyltryptamine | 1–10 mg | "A few hours" | [35] |
| 36 | 5-MeO-DET | N,N-Diethyl-5-methoxy-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | 1–3 mg | 3–4 hours | [36] |
| 37 | 5-MeO-DiPT | N,N-Diisopropyl-5-methoxy-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | 6–12 mg | 4–8 hours | [37] |
| 38 | 5-MeO-DMT | 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | Variousd | 1–2 hours | [38] |
| 39 | 4-MeO-MiPT | N-Isopropyl-4-methoxy-N-methyl-T | Other | 20–30 mg | 4–6 hours | [39] |
| 40 | 5-MeO-MiPT | N-Isopropyl-5-methoxy-N-methyl-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | 4–6 mge | 4–6 hours | [40] |
| 41 | 5,6-MeO-MiPT | 5,6-Dimethoxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-T | Other | >75 mg | Unknown | [41] |
| 42 | 5-MeO-NMT | 5-Methoxy-N-methyl-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [42] |
| 43 | 5-MeO-pyr-T | 5-Methoxy-N,N-tetramethylene-T | Pyrrolidinylethylindole | 0.5–2 mg | "Several hours" | [43] |
| 44 | 6-MeO-THH | 6-Methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-BC | β-Carboline | Unknown | Unknown | [44] |
| 45 | 5-MeO-TMT | 5-Methoxy-2,N,N-trimethyl-T | Other | 75–150 mg | 5–10 hours | [45] |
| 46 | 5-MeS-DMT | N,N-Dimethyl-5-methylthio-T | Other | 15–30 mgsm. | <1 hour | [46] |
| 47 | MiPT (methylisopropyltryptamine) | N-Isopropyl-N-methyl-T | Tryptamine | 10–25 mg | 3–4 hours | [47] |
| 48 | α-MT (AMT; α-methyltryptamine) | α-Methyl-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 15–30 mgf | 12–16 hours | [48] |
| 49 | NET (N-ethyltryptamine) | N-Ethyl-T | Tryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [49] |
| 50 | NMT (N-methyltryptamine) | N-Methyl-T | Tryptamine | Unknown | Unknown | [50] |
| 51 | PRO-LAD (6-propyl-6-nor-LSD) | 6-Propyl-NL | Lysergamide | 100–200 μg | 6–8 hours | [51] |
| 52 | pyr-T (pyrrolidinyltryptamine) | N,N-Tetramethylene-T | Pyrrolidinylethylindole | Unknown | Unknown | [52] |
| 53 | T (tryptamine) | Tryptamine | Tryptamine | 250 mgi.v. | "Very short" | [53] |
| 54 | Tetrahydroharmine (THH) | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-BC | β-Carboline | 300 mg | Unknown | [54] |
| 55 | α,N,O-TMS (5-MeO-α,N-DMT) | α,N-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-T | α-Alkyltryptamine | 10–20 mg | 6–8 hours | [55] |
| 56 | 5-MeO-DALTg | 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyl-T | 5-Methoxytryptamine | 12–20 mg | 2–4 hours | [56][57] |
| 57 | DALT (diallyltryptamine)g | N,N-Diallyl-T | Tryptamine | >40 mg | Unknown | [58] |
| Acronyms (in chemical names): T =tryptamine; BC =β-carboline; L =lysergamide; NL =6-norlysergamide.Footnotes:a =Dose andduration for compounds areorally unless otherwise specified.b =DMT doses are >350 mg orally, 60–100 mgintramuscularly,subcutaneously, orsmoked, and 4–30 mgintravenously.c =Ibogaine dose is "from hundreds of [mg] up to [1 g] or more".d =5-MeO-DMT doses are 6–20 mg smoked and 2–3 mg intravenously.e =5-MeO-MiPT doses are 4–6 mg orally and 12–20 mg smoked.f =AMT doses are 15–30 mg orally and 5–20 mg smoked.g = The5-MeO-DALT (#56) andDALT (#57) entries were not included in the published version ofTiHKAL and were subsequently released in 2004.[8] | ||||||
In addition toTiHKAL, Shulgin has also described the properties of psychedelic tryptamines in humans inliterature reviews.[9][10][11][12][13]
More ambitious explorations of subjective effects elicited by a series of new psychoactive substances developed by Shulgin were conducted by his close associate and psychologist, Myron Stolaroff. Following SEs with LSD in the mid-1950s, Stolaroff became involved in scientific research on psychedelics. After the control of most psychedelic drugs in the 1970s, Stolaroff conducted SEs with newly synthesized psychedelics 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T4, 2C-T-21, and MEM but also MDMA. Besides Shulgin, Stolaroff was the first who systematically explored the psychological states and their possible uses but under noncontrolled conditions (Stolaroff 1994). He understood his research as an attempt "to make the unconscious conscious" and to give some "guidelines for the proper and safe use of psychedelic drugs in therapy and for spiritual growth" (Stolaroff 1994, pp. 13–14).