 Map from 1873 | |
| Alternate spelling | Three Pidgeons[1] |
|---|---|
| Business | Inn[2] Hotel[3] Tavern[4] |
| Established | 1700s |
| Closed | 1893 |
| Address | Hackensack Plank Road |
| Location | Maisland,New Jersey |
TheThree Pigeons was a prominent and famous[5] meeting place inBergen Township,New Jersey, during therevolutionary period, and was used historically as a landmark as well as a popular place for hosting special occasions.
The Three Pigeons stood at the bottom of the west side of theHudson Palisades, east of a main road that was later to be theHackensack Turnpike,[6] and currentlyBergen Turnpike. The two-story building[2] was located near the southern fringe of the settlement ofMaisland near the intersection of what is nowTonnelle Avenue andHackensack Plank Road,[6][7] within modernNorth Bergen, New Jersey.,[8][9] Today, the intersection is called "Six Corners", where a laundromat and cafe share the same name, in the residential and commercial neighborhood calledNew Durham.
By the time the inn was erected, the nameThree Pigeons had been used repeatedly in plays as the backdrop for scenes, for instance inShe Stoops to Conquer (1773), Shakespeare'sThe Merry Wives of Windsor (1602) andBen Jonson'sThe Alchemist (1610). Later literary scenes involving a "Three Pigeons" appear inCreatures of Impulse (1870) andCharles Dickens'Our Mutual Friend (1864–65),[10] as well as in actual inns, such as the English Shakespearian actorJohn Lowin's "The Three Pigeons" at Brentford.[11] It has been said that the name "Three Pigeons" in any of its variants may have more literary associations than any other tavern name.[10] Many other inns and taverns in England still use this name today.
The earliest account is of a tavern keeper, William Earle who was born in 1690,[12] and flourished in the early 18th century. Prior to the American Revolution, the Three Pigeons Tavern was well known in the area[4] during thecolonial era where the community in New Durham was located. Along with Snake Hill and Priors' Mills, Three Pigeons made up one of three prominent land points inHudson County; with the Three Pigeons namely being a site well referenced in describing proximity at the time as well.[13][14] It has been said thatGeneral Washington had also spent time at the Three Pigeons,[15] likely before and during the years of the revolution.
On March 14, 1779, ColonelJacob Van Buskirk, an officer in theNew Jersey Volunteers, received intelligence that a party of Carolina Troops, along with a Captain and Lieutenant were at the Three Pigeons. Van Buskirk dispatched the Fourth Battalion and a lieutenant to approach the building, but the rebels were able to escape into theBergen Woods. They were chased for 12 miles (19 km), and in the end after shots were exchanged, two rebels were captured as prisoners.[14]
Months later, during theBattle of Paulus Hook, MajorLight Horse Harry Lee along with Captain Handy and the rest of his men moved towardsDouwe's Ferry at theHackensack River to cross with prisoners, only to find no boats, leaving Lee to return the way he came from fear of capture[16] if remaining likesitting ducks. After diverting back, Lee picked up 50 of his lost Virginians at the Three Pigeons and assigned them as flankers. Then at Fort Lee Ferry Road, Lee's troops, as decided byLord Stirling, were reinforced by Colonel Henry Ball along with 200 additional troops, and soon after were attacked unsuccessfully by Van Buskirk and hisTories from within the Bergen woods. By August 19, Lee led his troops and 159 prisoners safely toNew Bridge.[16] One Captain Meals was captured at the Three Pigeons, and on him were found the positions and orders of Lee's command relating to the attack and march at Paulus Hook.[17]
Finally, on October 20, Lee met for the last time withJohn Champe, a double agent chosen byGeorge Washington and Lee himself in an attempt to capture the American traitorBenedict Arnold,[18] sent Champe up the road up towards the Three Pigeons, and worked to give him a start of about an hour and a quarter before he would release the information of Champe's whereabouts to thedragoons.[19] Just above the Three Pigeons,[20] Champe and the dragoons simultaneously spotted each other; troopers then began pursuit of Champe, but were unsuccessful[21] as Champe had jumped into the Hudson and was picked up by a British boat, claiming to seek British protection in New York City.
Also during the revolution, a Loyalist who had tried to visit his family was captured at the Three Pigeons by Patriots[13] and was subsequently murdered.
For local Bergen and regional elections, the Three Pigeons was used as a voting house for the mayoral elections from 1804 through 1806; it would open there during these years and close at Peter Stuyvesant's,[22] another local tavern on the southwest corner of Bergen and Glenwood Avenues.James Gore King, a prominent businessmen andWhig Party politician endorsedGeneral Winfield Scott's bid for presidency, a fellow whig, and gave a speech in support at the Three Pigeons in 1852.[2] It had been used repeatedly during the remainder of the 19th century as a landmark for describing official government and military positions,[23][24] as well as in deed purchases.[25] Finally in 1893, the Three Pigeons was destroyed.[26]
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