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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.039 |
| EC Number |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| ThCl4 | |
| Molar mass | 373.849 g/mol |
| Appearance | white needles hygroscopic |
| Density | 4.59 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point | 770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K) |
| Boiling point | 921 °C (1,690 °F; 1,194 K) |
| Structure | |
| tetragonal | |
| Hazards | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | 332 mg/kg intraperitoneal mouse |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Thorium(IV) chloride describes a family ofinorganic compounds with the formula ThCl4(H2O)n. Both the anhydrous and tetrahydrate (n = 4) forms are known. They are hygroscopic, water-soluble white salts.
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The structure of thorium(IV) chloride features 8-coordinate Th centers with doubly bridging chloride ligands.[1]
ThCl4 was an intermediate in the original isolation of thorium metal byJons Jacob Berzelius.[2]
Thorium(IV) chloride can be produced in a variety of ways. One method is acarbothermic reaction, 700 °C to 2600 °C, involving thorium oxides and carbon in a stream of chlorine gas:
The chlorination reaction can be effected with carbon tetrachloride:[3][4]
In another two-step method, thorium metal reacts withammonium chloride:
The hexachloride salt is then heated at 350 °C under a high vacuum to produce ThCl4.[5]
ThCl4 reacts withLewis bases to give molecular adducts, such as ThCl4(DME)2 and ThCl4(TMEDA)2.[5]
Thorium(IV) chloride is an intermediate in the purification of thorium, which can be affected by:
