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Tomás de Lemos (Thomas) (Ribadavia, 1555 –Rome, 23 August 1629) was a SpanishDominican theologian and controversialist.
At an early age he entered the Order of St. Dominic in his native town; he obtained, in 1590 the lectorate in theology and was at the same time appointed regent of studies in the convent of St. Paul atValladolid. In 1594 he was assigned to the chair of theology in the university of that city.
The intellectual atmosphere of the time was troubled, and theological discussion was rife. The controversy aroused in 1588 by the publication ofLuis Molina's workConcordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis, between the Dominicans andJesuits, had reached a heated and turbulent stage not only at Valladolid but also atSalamanca,Cordoba,Zaragoza, and other cities of Spain. Disputations, both public and private, showed a tendency to drift away from the hitherto universally accepted teaching ofAugustine of Hippo andThomas Aquinas. In 1600 Lemos was chosen to represent his province in the public defence of selected theses before the general chapter of his order held atNaples.
The propositions embraced the doctrine of Thomas Aquinas and his school ongrace andfree will. In his defence Lemos proved himself as a disputant. No deviation from the works of Augustine would pass him uncorrected; and that he was no less familiar with the writings of Aquinas is evident from his own words:
His success prompted the general of his order to send him to Rome to assist his confrere,Diego Alvarez, in defending the teaching of his order against the Molinists before theCongregatio de Auxiliis, established byPope Clement VIII to settle the controversy.
In theMolinist controversy between Dominicans and Jesuits Lemos was given the responsibility, along with Diego Álvarez, of representing theDominican Order in debates beforePope Clement VIII andPope Paul V.
Upon his arrival he was given first place in the defence, which he held till the termination of the Congregation (26 February 1606). For four years, in forty-seven public conferences, in the presence of Clement VIII andPope Paul V, he defended the teaching of Aquinas with extraordinary skill against five adversaries, the élite of the great Jesuit theologians of the time. Referring to this event he himself writes:
At the conclusion of the commission, Pope Paul V andPhilip III of Spain offered him a bishopric, but he declined the honour, preferring to remain in Rome in the convent Sopra Minerva to devote himself to literary work. Three years before his death he became totally blind.
In 1610 Lemos was professor of theology at the College of Saint Thomas, the futurePontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,Angelicum.[1]
While de Lemos wrote a large number of manuscripts, none were published in his lifetime. Two have been published posthumously:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Thomas de Lemos".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
