Thomas Wharton, Jr. | |
|---|---|
%2c_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_(1741_-_1827).jpg) Portrait of Wharton byCharles Willson Peale | |
| 1stPresident of Pennsylvania | |
| In office March 5, 1777 – May 22, 1778 | |
| Vice President | George Bryan |
| Preceded by | John Penn (asGovernor of Pennsylvania) |
| Succeeded by | George Bryan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1735 (1735) |
| Died | (aged 42–43) Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Spouse(s) | Susannah Lloyd (1735-1772) m. 1762 Elizabeth Fishbourne (1752-1826) m. 1774 |
| Residence(s) | "Twickenham,"Montgomery County, Pennsylvania |
| Profession | Merchant |
| Signature | .png) |
Thomas Wharton Jr. (1735 – May 22, 1778) was a Pennsylvania merchant and politician of theRevolutionary era. He served as the firstpresident of Pennsylvania (an office akin togovernor) following theDeclaration of Independence fromGreat Britain.
Wharton was born inChester County in theProvince of Pennsylvania[1] in 1735. He was born into one ofPhiladelphia's most prominent earlyQuaker families. He was known as "Junior" to distinguish him from a cousin of the same name.[2] His father, John Wharton, served ascoroner of Chester County. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Wharton, a native ofWestmorland,England, came to Pennsylvania around 1683 and served on the Philadelphia Common Council (1713–1718).
In 1762, Wharton married Susannah Lloyd, the daughter of Thomas Lloyd and great-granddaughter ofThomas Lloyd, an early governor of Pennsylvania and a colleague ofWilliam Penn.[3] They were married by a pastor inChrist Church, an Anglican church, and were therefore disowned by the Quakers of the Philadelphia Monthly Meeting. Wharton was thereafter associated with theAnglican Church, but never formally converted.[2] The couple had five children before Susannah's death ten years later. Wharton then married Elizabeth Fishbourne and had three children with her. Wharton owned a country home called "Twickenham" near Abington Meeting inMontgomery County. His brother-in-law (Elizabeth's brother),Benjamin Fishbourn, was the first ever person rejected by the Senate for a Presidential nomination when Senator James Gunn of Georgia employedSenatorial courtesy for the first time to have Fishbourn's nomination rejected.[4]
The Wharton family was involved in various areas of business and public service, including shipbuilding for theContinental Navy. Members of the Wharton family served in theContinental Congress and theState Legislature, asMayor of Philadelphia and on the City Council, in positions of military leadership, and in other offices.
Wharton became a merchant and was well respected for his character as well as his business acumen. He was elected to theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1761.[5] Like many other colonial merchants, Wharton signed petitions and joined boycotts in protest of the1765 Stamp Act and the 1767Townshend Acts, but he was not an early leader of the resistance movement.[2] His rise to prominence in thePatriot cause followed Parliament's passage of theBoston Port Act in 1774.[2] At a public meeting held in Philadelphia on May 20, 1774, Wharton was chosen as a member of theCommittee of Correspondence, and later was one of twenty-five citizens who formed theCommittee of Safety, Pennsylvania's governing body in the early days of the Revolution. On July 24, 1776, he became president of that body. As such he was a member of the committee directing that a new constitution be drafted for the state.
On September 28, 1776, Pennsylvania adopted a newstate constitution. This document created anExecutive Council of twelve men. Although wealthy, upper class Pennsylvanians likeJohn Dickinson andRobert Morris opposed this radically democratic constitution, Wharton supported it.[2] On a joint ballot of the Council and the General Assembly Wharton was elected the first President of the Council.
Wharton, and each of his successors in that office, may be referred to, quite properly, asPresident of Pennsylvania. However, the position is analogous to the modern office ofGovernor, and Presidents of Council are often listed with those who have held the latter title.
Wharton was elected March 5, 1777 and took office immediately, under the titleHis Excellency Thomas Wharton, Junior,Esquire, President of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Captain General andCommander-in-Chief in and over the same. He held office until his death in 1778.
In September 1777, with British forces poised totake Philadelphia, the Executive Council evacuated toLancaster, Pennsylvania. It was at this same time that theContinental Congress also evacuated to Lancaster and then toYork, Pennsylvania. Wharton retreated to Lancaster along with other representatives of the State government. In the only election held while the Council was in Lancaster, Wharton was reelected President on November 21, 1777. (After the initial election of officers on March 5, 1777 annual leadership elections were held in the fall, following the popular elections in October.)
Wharton, as President, had some difficult decisions to make. He found it necessary to banish to Virginia several of his acquaintances and friends, most of them Quakers, because of the possibility that they were siding with the British. Although this action was thought prudent by the revolutionary authorities, it was not based on much evidence and Wharton's social connections suffered because of it.
On May 22, 1778,[2] with the Council still in Lancaster, Wharton died in Lancaster at the age of 42 or 43. Vice-PresidentGeorge Bryan assumed the duties of the presidency upon Wharton's death. Wharton was given an elaborate funeral with full military honors, in accordance with his position as commander in chief of the State's forces, and was buried within the walls ofEvangelical Trinity Church in Lancaster.[6] At the time of his death, Thomas Wharton Jr. was survived by at least three sons.[7]
A Commonwealth of Pennsylvania historical marker at Trinity Church commemorates both Wharton and Pennsylvania GovernorThomas Mifflin, the first and last Governors and Presidents of Pennsylvania under the 1776 State Constitution. The marker was dedicated in 1975 and is located on Duke Street in Lancaster.[8] The text of the marker reads:
Holy Trinity
Lutheran Church
Founded in 1730.
A session for an Indian treaty was held in the original church building in 1762.
The present edifice was dedicated in 1766.
Here are interred the remains of Thomas Wharton (1778) and Gov. Thomas Mifflin (1800).
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by New creation | Member,Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, representingthe County of Philadelphia March 4, 1777 – May 23, 1778 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Himself, as President of the Committee of Safety | President of Pennsylvania March 5, 1777 – May 23, 1778 died in office | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
