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The Right Honourable The Viscount Caldecote CBE PC
Inskip in 1923
Lord Chief Justice of England
In office 14 October 1940 – 23 January 1946
Monarch	George VI
Preceded by	The Viscount Hewart
Succeeded by	The Lord Goddard
Lord Chancellor
In office 3 September 1939 – 12 May 1940
Monarch	George VI
Prime Minister	Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by	The Lord Maugham
Succeeded by	The Viscount Simon
Leader of the House of Lords
In office 14 May 1940 – 3 October 1940
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	The Earl Stanhope
Succeeded by	The Viscount Halifax
Ministerial offices 1922–1940 Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs In office 14 May 1940 – 3 October 1940 Prime Minister Winston Churchill Preceded by Anthony Eden Succeeded by Viscount Cranborne In office 29 January 1939 – 3 September 1939 Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Preceded by Malcolm MacDonald Succeeded by Anthony Eden Minister for Coordination of Defence In office 13 March 1936 – 29 January 1939 Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Preceded by New Office Succeeded by The Lord Chatfield Attorney-General for England In office 26 January 1932 – 18 March 1936 Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin Preceded by William Jowitt Succeeded by Donald Somervell In office 28 March 1928 – 4 June 1929 Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Douglas Hogg Succeeded by William Jowitt Solicitor-General for England In office 3 September 1931 – 26 January 1932 Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald Preceded by Stafford Cripps Succeeded by Boyd Merriman In office 11 November 1924 – 28 March 1928 Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Henry Slesser Succeeded by Boyd Merriman In office 31 October 1922 – 22 January 1924 Prime Minister Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Leslie Scott Succeeded by Henry Slesser
Member of theHouse of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 7 September 1939 – 11 October 1947 Hereditary Peerage
Preceded by	Peerage created
Succeeded by	The 2nd Viscount Caldecote
Member of Parliament forFareham
In office 20 February 1931 – 6 September 1939
Preceded by	John Davidson
Succeeded by	Dymoke White
Member of Parliament forBristol Central
In office 14 December 1918 – 30 May 1929
Preceded by	constituency established
Succeeded by	Joseph Alpass
Personal details
Born	Thomas Walker Hobart Inskip (1876-03-05)5 March 1876 Clifton,Bristol, England
Died	11 October 1947(1947-10-11) (aged 71) Godalming,Surrey, England
Party	Conservative
Spouse	Lady Augusta Boyle
Alma mater	King's College, Cambridge

Thomas Walker Hobart Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote,CBE, PC (5 March 1876 – 11 October 1947) was a BritishConservative politician who served in many legal posts, culminating in serving asLord Chancellor from 1939 until 1940. Despite legal posts dominating his career for all but four years, he is most prominently remembered for serving asMinister for Coordination of Defence from 1936 until 1939.

Inskip was the son of James Inskip, a solicitor, by his second wife Constance Sophia Louisa, daughter of John Hampden. The Right ReverendJames Inskip was his elder half-brother and Sir John Hampden Inskip,Lord Mayor of Bristol, his younger brother.^{[citation needed]} He attendedClifton College from 1886 to 1894^[1] andKing's College, Cambridge, from 1894 to 1897.^[2] He joined Clifton RFC in 1895–96.^{[citation needed]} In 1899 he wascalled to the Bar by theInner Temple.^{[citation needed]}

Inskip became aKing's Counsel in 1914.^[3] He served in the Intelligence Division from 1915 and from 1918 to 1919 worked at theAdmiralty as head of the Naval Law branch.^[4] From 1920 to 1922, he served as Chancellor of theDiocese of Truro.^[4] In 1918 he entered Parliament asMember of Parliament (MP) forBristol Central.^[5] He was first appointedSolicitor General in 1922 and would hold this post for the next six years, with one short interruption for the Labour government of 1924.^{[citation needed]} In 1922 he wasknighted.^[6]

A staunchProtestant, he opposed the1926 Roman Catholic Relief Act.^[7] His beliefs came to national attention when in 1927 he joined with theHome Secretary SirWilliam Joynson-Hicks in attacking theproposed new version of theBook of Common Prayer. The law required Parliament to approve such revisions, normally regarded as a formality, but when the Prayer Book came before theHouse of Commons Inskip argued strongly against its adoption, for he felt it strayed far from the Protestant principles of theChurch of England. The debate on the Prayer Book is regarded as one of the most eloquent ever seen in the Commons, and resulted in the rejection of the Prayer Book. A revised version was submitted in 1928 but rejected again. However, theChurch Assembly then declared an emergency, and used this as a pretext to use the new Prayer Book for many decades afterwards.^{[citation needed]}

In 1928 Inskip was promoted toAttorney General, which post he held until thefollowing year's general election – in which he lost his Bristol seat.^{[citation needed]} WhenRamsay MacDonald formed hisNational Government in 1931, Inskip, who had been elected in aby-election forFareham in February that year,^[8] returned to the role of Solicitor General but the following year a vacancy occurred and he once more resumed his work as Attorney General.^{[citation needed]} He was sworn of thePrivy Council in 1932.^[9] In 1935 he prosecuted the26th Baron de Clifford formanslaughter, which was the last evercriminal trial of apeer in theHouse of Lords.^[10]

Despite an exclusively legal track record, on 13 March 1936 Inskip became the firstMinister for Coordination of Defence.^[11] His appointment to this particular office was highly controversial.Winston Churchill (who said he "had the advantage of being little known and knowing nothing about military subjects") had long campaigned for such an office and when its creation was announced, most expected Churchill to be appointed. When Inskip was named, one famous reaction was that "This is the most cynical appointment sinceCaligula madehis horse aconsul".^[12]John Gunther, who described Inskip in 1940 as "the sixty-three-year-old man of mystery", reported the "cruel story" that Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin wanted to appoint someone "'even less brilliant than himself'".^[13]Collin Brooks castigated Inskip in his diary as "a second-rate Attorney General."^[14] His appointment is now regarded as a sign of caution by Baldwin who did not wish to appoint someone like Churchill, because it would have been interpreted by foreign powers as a sign of the United Kingdom preparing for war. Baldwin anyway wished to avoid taking onboard such a controversial and radical minister as Churchill.

Inskip's tenure as Minister for Coordination of Defence remains controversial, with some arguing that he did much to pushBritain's rearmament before the outbreak of theSecond World War, but others arguing he was largely ineffectual, although his ministry "had no real powers and little staff".^[15] In early 1939 he was replaced by the formerFirst Sea Lord,Admiral of the FleetLord Chatfield, and moved to becomeSecretary of State for Dominion Affairs.^{[citation needed]} At the outbreak of war in 1939 he was raised to the peerage asViscount Caldecote, of Bristol in theCounty of Gloucester,^[16] and madeLord Chancellor, but in May 1940 he once more became Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs^{[citation needed]} to make room for the marginalising of SirJohn Simon in the newwar ministry of Winston Churchill.^[17] After leaving ministerial office Inskip served asLord Chief Justice of England from 1940 until 1946.^{[citation needed]} As of 15 February 2026, he remains the last Lord Chief Justice to have held a ministerial office before his appointment.

Inskip was referred to in the bookGuilty Men byMichael Foot,Frank Owen andPeter Howard (writing under the pseudonym 'Cato'), published in 1940 as an attack on public figures for their failure to re-arm and theirappeasement ofNazi Germany.^[18]

Lord Caldecote married Lady Augusta Helen Elizabeth, daughter ofDavid Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow and widow ofCharles Lindsay Orr-Ewing, in 1914. He died in October 1947, aged 71, and was succeeded by his son, Robert (Robin) Andrew in theviscountcy. Lady Caldecote died in May 1967, aged 90.^{[citation needed]}

Coat of arms of Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote

Crest Upon the battlements of a tower a grouse's leg erased Proper. Escutcheon Per chevron Azure and Argent in chief two crosses pate Or and in base an eagled displayed of the first. Supporters On the dexter side a talbot and on the sinister side a pegasus Proper each charged on the shoulder with a garb Or. Motto Be Careful[19]

• Hansard 1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Caldecote
• Newspaper clippings about Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote in the20th Century Press Archives of theZBW
• The Diaries of 1st Lord Caldecote held atChurchill Archives Centre

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