Muscoe Thomas Henry Bayly
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromVirginia's1st district
In office March 4, 1853 – June 23, 1856
Preceded by	John Millson
Succeeded by	Muscoe Russell Hunter Garnett
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's7th district
In office May 6, 1844 – March 3, 1853
Preceded by	Henry A. Wise
Succeeded by	William Smith
Chairman of theCommittee on Foreign Affairs
In office March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1855
Preceded by	John Alexander McClernand
Succeeded by	Alexander C. M. Pennington
Chairman of theCommittee on Ways and Means
In office March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851
Preceded by	Samuel Vinton
Succeeded by	George S. Houston
Member of theVirginia House of Delegates fromAccomack County
In office 1836–1841 Alongside Robert Poulson, Thomas Cropper and John Ailworth
Personal details
Born	(1810-12-11)December 11, 1810 Drummondtown, Virginia
Died	June 23, 1856(1856-06-23) (aged 45) Drummondtown, Virginia
Resting place	Accomac, Virginia
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	University of Virginia School of Law
Occupation	Attorney
Military service
Branch/service	Virginia Militia
Years of service	1837–1846
Rank	Brigadier General
Unit	21st Brigade

Thomas Henry Bayly (December 11, 1810 – June 23, 1856) was a United States nineteenth-century politician, slave owner,^[1] lawyer and judge fromVirginia, and the son of CongressmanThomas M. Bayly.

Born at the family estate called "Mount Custis" near Drummondtown (now known asAccomac, Virginia), to then Virginia state senator and militia officerThomas Monteagle Bayly and his wife. Although the senior Bayly served a term in the U.S. House of Representatives (1813–1815) during the War of 1812, he primarily operated a plantation using enslaved labor, and would also later again serve (part-time) in the Virginia House of Delegates and at the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829 representing Accomack County. Young Bayly received a private education suitable to his class, and went on to study law at theUniversity of Virginia School of Law, graduating in 1829.

Bayley married Evelyn Harrison May (1810–1897), one of the daughters of Judge John Fitzhugh May of Petersburg, who bore daughters Anna May Bayly (1840–1860) and Evelyn May Tiffany (1851–1929).^[2]

Admitted to the bar in 1830, Bayly practiced law inAccomac County, Virginia and also operated the family plantation using enslaved labor, especially after his father's death in 1834. In 1840, he owned 29 slaves.^[3] In 1850 Bayly owned 31 slaves (ten 10 years old or younger) as well as land worth $70,000.^[4]

Accomack County voters elected and re-elected Bayly as one of their two representatives in theVirginia House of Delegates, where he served (part time) from 1836 to 1842. In 1837 he accepted appointment asbrigadier general of the 21st Brigade in theVirginia Militiam and served until 1846. Fellow legislators elected Bayly judge of the Circuit Court of Law and Chancery for Accomack County in 1842, a position he resigned upon election to Congress.

In 1844, Bayly won election as aDemocrat to fill a vacancy in theUnited States House of Representatives caused by the resignation ofHenry A. Wise to become U.S. Minister to Brazil during the presidency ofJohn Tyler. Bayly would win re-election several times (although the district name changed fromVirginia's 7th congressional district toVirginia's 1st congressional district following redistricting following the 1850 census and adoption of a new Virginia constitution). Bayly served in the House until his death in 1856. He rose to become chairman of theHouse Committee on Ways and Means from 1849 to 1851 and chairman of theCommittee on Foreign Affairs from 1851 to 1855.

Bayly died on June 23, 1856, during his congressional term, but at his estate, Mount Custis, nearDrummondtown, Virginia. He was interred in the family cemetery there, as soon would be his eldest daughter, and decades later, his widow. Bayly also has acenotaph atCongressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C..TheUniversity of Virginia Art Museum is housed in the Thomas H. Bayly Building.^[5]

• 1844; Bayly was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 54.5% of the vote, defeating Whig Hitt Carter.
• 1845; Bayly was re-elected with 53.54% of the vote, defeating Whig George W. Southall.
• 1847; Bayly was re-elected with 52.47% of the vote, defeating Whig John J. Jones.
• 1849; Bayly was re-elected with 64.75% of the vote, defeating WhigFrancis Mallory.
• 1851; Bayly was re-elected unopposed.
• 1853; Bayly was re-elected with 58.93% of the vote, defeating Independents Louis C.H. Finney and George W. Lewis.
• 1855; Bayly was re-elected with 79.09% of the vote, defeating Independents Robert L. Montague, Richard Lee Turberville Beale, Joseph Eggleston Segar, and a man identified only as Jennings.

• List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (1790–1899)

• United States Congress."Thomas H. Bayly (id: B000259)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Works by or about Thomas H. Bayly at theInternet Archive
• Thomas H. Bayly atFind a Grave

• Democratic Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
• Virginia state court judges
• Virginia lawyers
• United States Army generals
• University of Virginia School of Law alumni
• Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
• 1856 deaths
• 1810 births
• Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
• 19th-century American lawyers
• People from Accomac, Virginia
• 19th-century Virginia state court judges
• 19th-century United States representatives

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use mdy dates from August 2025
• Articles with Internet Archive links