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Thomas Graham Balfour

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Scottish physician

Surgeon-General Thomas Graham Balfour FRS FRCS
Balfour in the 1860s
Born	18 March 1813
Died	17 January 1891(1891-01-17) (aged 77)

Thomas Graham Balfour (18 March 1813 – 17 January 1891) was a Scottish physician noted for his work withmedical statistics, and a member ofFlorence Nightingale's inner circle.

Biography

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Balfour was born inEdinburgh on 18 March 1813. He was son of John Balfour, a merchant ofLeith, and his wife Helen, daughter of Thomas Buchanan ofArdoch. He was the great-grandson ofJames Balfour, professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh in 1754, and ofRobert Whytt, a celebrated medical writer and professor of physiology at Edinburgh.He graduated MD at Edinburgh in 1834; FRS, 1859; Surgeon-General, Honorary Physician to Queen Victoria and compiler of the first four volumes ofStatistics of the British Army.^[1] According toFrancis de Chaumont, the publication of this statistical work "marked an epoch in hygiene".^[2]

TheStatistics of the British Army were reputed to be the most accurate and complete of their sort throughout Europe.^[3]

From 1840 to 1848, Balfour served as assistant surgeon in theGrenadier Guards. In 1857 he was appointed secretary toSidney Herbert's committee on the sanitary state of the army, and in 1859 he became deputy inspector-general in charge of the new statistical branch of the army medical department, a post which he held for fourteen years. He was elected aFellow of the Royal Society on 3 June 1858, and in 1860 a fellow of theRoyal College of Physicians of London.^[1]

He along with Dr John Sutherland were secretaries to the Sanitary Section of the International Statistical Congress in 1860, which was attended byAdolphe Quetelet, and to whichFlorence Nightingale submitted a paper.

In 1887 he was appointed honorary physician to the queen. He was placed on half-pay as surgeon-general in 1876, and in his forty years of service had done much to improve the sanitary condition of the forces. He was President of theRoyal Statistical Society from 1888 to 1890 shortly after it had changed from the Statistical Society of London.^[4] He married in 1856 Georgina, daughter of George Prentice ofArmagh, and had one son,Sir Graham Balfour. He died at Coombe Lodge,Wimbledon, on 17 January 1891.^[1]

References

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^^a ^b ^cMoore 1901.
^De Chaumont, F. S. B. F. (9 June 1883)."An Address on the Origin and Development of the Science of Hygiene: Being the Inaugural Lecture at the Parkes Museum".BMJ.1 (1171):1104–1106.doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1171.1104.ISSN 0959-8138.PMC 2372588.PMID 20750626. (See p. 1106.)
^Reznick, Jeffrey S. (2004)."Balfour, Thomas Graham (1813–1891), physician".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1197. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)
^Balfour, Thomas Graham (19 November 1889)."The Opening Address of Dr. T. Graham Balfour, F.R.S., &c, Honorary Physician to Her Majesty the Queen, President of the Royal Statistical Society".Royal Statistical Society.52 (4):517–534.doi:10.2307/2979100.JSTOR 2979100.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Moore, Norman (1901). "Balfour, Thomas Graham". InLee, Sidney (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.

v t e Presidents of theRoyal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842Viscount Sandon 1842–1843The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845Lord Ashley 1845–1847The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853The Lord Overstone 1853–1855The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859Lord Stanley 1859–1861Lord John Russell 1861–1863Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865William Henry Sykes 1865–1867The Lord Houghton 1867–1869William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871William Newmarch 1871–1873William Farr 1873–1875William Guy 1875–1877James Heywood 1877–1879George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880Thomas Brassey 1880–1882James Caird 1882–1884Robert Giffen 1884–1886Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888George Goschen 1888–1890Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894Charles Booth 1894–1896The Lord Farrer 1896–1897John Biddulph Martin 1897Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899Leonard Courtney 1899–1900Henry Fowler 1900–1902The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907Richard Martin 1907–1909Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915The Lord Welby 1915–1916Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918Bernard Mallet,Registrar General 1918–1920Herbert Samuel 1920–1922R. Henry Rew 1922–1924The Lord Emmott 1924–1926Udny Yule 1926–1928The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930A. William Flux 1930–1932Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934The Lord Meston 1934–1936Major Greenwood 1936–1938The Lord Kennet 1938–1940Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941Henry William Macrosty 1941Hector Leak 1941–1943William Beveridge 1943–1945Ernest Charles Snow 1945–1947The Lord Woolton 1947–1949David Heron 1949–1950Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954Ronald Fisher 1954–1955The Lord Piercy 1955–1957Egon Pearson 1957–1959Harry Campion 1959–1960Hugh Beaver 1960–1962Maurice Kendall 1962–1964Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968Frank Yates 1968–1969Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973Harold Wilson 1973–1974D. J. Finney 1974–1975Henry Daniels 1975–1977Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978Henry Wynn 1978–1980Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982David Cox 1982–1984Peter Armitage 1984–1985Walter Bodmer 1985–1986John Nelder 1986–1987James Durbin 1987–1989John Kingman 1989–1991Peter G. Moore 1991–1993T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997Adrian Smith 1997–1999Robert Nicholas Curnow 1999–2001Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003Peter Green 2003–2005Andy Grieve 2005–2007Tim Holt 2008–2009David Hand 2010–2010Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replacedpro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012Valerie Isham 2013–2014John Pullinger 2014–2016Peter Diggle 2017–2018David Spiegelhalter 2019–Deborah Ashby
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