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Thomas Ewing | |
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| 1stUnited States Secretary of the Interior | |
| In office March 8, 1849 – July 22, 1850 | |
| President | Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Thomas McKennan |
| 14thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury | |
| In office March 4, 1841 – September 11, 1841 | |
| President | William Henry Harrison John Tyler |
| Preceded by | Levi Woodbury |
| Succeeded by | Walter Forward |
| United States Senator fromOhio | |
| In office July 20, 1850 – March 3, 1851 | |
| Appointed by | Seabury Ford |
| Preceded by | Thomas Corwin |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Wade |
| In office March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1837 | |
| Preceded by | Jacob Burnet |
| Succeeded by | William Allen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1789-12-28)December 28, 1789 |
| Died | October 26, 1871(1871-10-26) (aged 81) Lancaster, Ohio, U.S. |
| Political party | National Republican (Before 1833) Whig (1833–1871) |
| Spouse | Maria Wills Boyle |
| Education | Ohio University (BA) |
| Signature |  |
Thomas Ewing Sr. (December 28, 1789 – October 26, 1871) was aNational Republican andWhig politician fromOhio. He served in theU.S. Senate and also served as the fourteenthsecretary of the treasury and the firstsecretary of the interior. He is also known as the foster father (and subsequently father-in-law) of famousAmerican Civil War generalWilliam Tecumseh Sherman.
Born inWest Liberty,Ohio County,Virginia (nowWest Virginia), he was the son ofAmerican Revolutionary War veteran George Ewing. After studying atOhio University andreading law underPhilemon Beecher, Ewing began practicing law inLancaster, Ohio, in 1816. In 1824, he was joined in that practice byHenry Stanbery.
As a colorfulcountry lawyer, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1830 as a Whig and served a single term. He was unsuccessful in seeking a second term in 1836. Ewing served asSecretary of the Treasury in 1841, serving under PresidentsWilliam Henry Harrison andJohn Tyler. He resigned on September 11, 1841, along with the entire cabinet (exceptSecretary of StateDaniel Webster), in protest of Tyler's veto of the Banking Act.
Ewing was later appointed to serve as the firstSecretary of the Interior by PresidentZachary Taylor. Ewing served in the position from March 8, 1849, to July 22, 1850, under Taylor andMillard Fillmore. AsJames G. Blaine later wrote:
Thomas Ewing of Ohio, selected to organize the Department of the Interior, just then authorized by law, was a man of intellectual power, a lawyer of the first rank, possessing a stainless character, great moral courage, unbending will, an incisive style, both with tongue and pen, and a breadth of reading and wealth of information never surpassed by any public man in America.[1]
As first secretary, Ewing consolidated bureaus from various Departments, such as the Land Office from the Treasury Department and the Indian Bureau from the War Department. The bureaus were being kicked out of their offices as unwanted tenants in their former departments. However, the Interior Department had no office space, so Ewing rented space. Later, the Patent Office building, with a new east wing, provided permanent space in 1852. Ewing initiated the Interior Department's culture of corruption by wholesale replacement of officials with political patronage. Newspapers called him "Butcher Ewing" for his efforts.
In 1850, Ewing was appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy created by the resignation ofThomas Corwin, and served from July 20, 1850 – March 3, 1851. Ewing was unsuccessful in seeking re-election in 1850. In 1861, Ewing served as one of Ohio's delegates to thepeace conference held in Washington in hopes of staving off civil war. Ewing was a defender of slavery at this conference, and frequently deflected attacks on the institution by Britain, stating that 'we have no slavery or misery to be compared with that existing in the India provinces.'[2] After the war, Ewing was appointed by PresidentAndrew Johnson to a third cabinet post asSecretary of War in 1868 following the firing ofEdwin M. Stanton but the Senate, still outraged at Johnson's firing of Stanton – which had provoked Johnson's impeachment – refused to act on the nomination.
Ewing married Maria Wills Boyle, a Roman Catholic, and raised their children in her faith. His foster son was the famous generalWilliam Tecumseh Sherman. Sherman eventually married Thomas Ewing Sr.'s daughter,Ellen Ewing Sherman. Ewing's namesake son,Thomas Ewing Jr., was anAmerican Civil WarUnion army general and two-term U.S. Congressman fromOhio. Two of Ewing's other sons –Hugh Boyle Ewing andCharles Ewing – also became generals in the Union army during the Civil War. Through Ellen and Sherman, Ewing also had a namesake grandson,Thomas Ewing Sherman.
Ewing was born aPresbyterian, but for many years attended Catholic services with his family. He was formally baptized into the Catholic faith during his last illness.[3]
Ewing remained a Whig following his joining of the party in 1833, even when the national Whig Party collapsed and was replaced by the Republican Party. This makes Ewing one of the only federal politicians to remain a member the Whig Party when many others bolted to the Republican or American parties.
Prior to his death on October 26, 1871, Ewing had been the last surviving member of the Harrison and Tyler Cabinets. FuturePresident andGovernor of OhioRutherford B. Hayes was apallbearer at his funeral. He is buried in Saint Mary Cemetery, Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio.
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