Thomas Buchanan Read | |
|---|---|
 Thomas Buchanan Read at age 28 | |
| Born | (1822-03-12)March 12, 1822 Corner Ketch, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | May 11, 1872(1872-05-11) (aged 50) |
| Resting place | Laurel Hill Cemetery,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Occupation | Poet, painter, writer |
| Spouses | Mary J. Pratt Harriet Denison |
| Children | 3 |
Thomas Buchanan Read (March 12, 1822 – May 11, 1872) was an American poet and painter. His portraits include many famous individuals includingRobert Browning,Joseph Harrison Jr.,William Henry Harrison,Abraham Lincoln,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, andAlfred Tennyson.
He first achieved national prominence in Cincinnati, Ohio. He studied under sculptorShobal Vail Clevenger and opened an art studio sponsored by wealthy horticulturistNicholas Longworth. He chafed under criticism from Longworth and moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where he befriended poetHenry Wadsworth Longfellow and painterWashington Allston. He moved to Rome, Italy, and opened a studio, but achieved most of his artistic success while living in Florence, Italy. He was briefly associated with thePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He returned to the United States during the American Civil War and served as a major in theUnion Army.
His most well known poem, "Sheridan's Ride", depicts Union GeneralPhilip Sheridan's charge at theBattle of Cedar Creek during theAmerican Civil War. Read gave recitations of the poem to the public and troops to build support for the war in the North. The poem's popularity also prompted the creation of several paintings by Read depicting the scene.
Read was born on March 12, 1822, inCorner Ketch, a hamlet nearDowningtown, Pennsylvania. He received only an elementary school level of education. After the death of his father, he apprenticed with a local tailor then moved to Philadelphia and worked as a grocer and tobacconist. At age 15, he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, to live with his sister. He worked painting signs and apprenticed under sculptorShobal Vail Clevenger.[1] He also worked as an actor impersonating female roles due to his slight build.[2]
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In Cincinnati, Read established a portrait studio with the assistance of the wealthy horticulturistNicholas Longworth. In 1840, he gained national prominence through his portrait ofWhig presidential candidateWilliam Henry Harrison. He also published his first poetry collection in the Cincinnati Chronicle and Times.[1] He parted ways with Longworth due to criticism of his work.[2] In 1841, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts, and became friends with poetHenry Wadsworth Longfellow and painterWashington Allston.[1] Longfellow hired Read to paint a portrait of his daughters which is considered one of his best works.[3]
In 1843, he published a series of poems in the Boston Courier which later became the basis for the bookLays and Ballads.[4]
In 1846 he moved backed to Philadelphia and in 1850, he moved to Rome, Italy, where he opened a studio and achieved success in art and literature.[5] He returned to the United States in 1861 at the outbreak of theAmerican Civil War and joined theUnion Army.[1] He served as a major[5] on the staff of GeneralLew Wallace[6] and gave public performances of his war songs to rally the Union troops.[4] After one such performance, future president GeneralJames A. Garfield wrote to Read and thanked him for "the pleasure of hearing your words".[3]
His most famous poem isSheridan's Ride which depicts Union GeneralPhilip Sheridan's cavalry charge at theBattle of Cedar Creek during the American Civil War. It was printed in theNew York Tribune on election day 1864 on the front page and may have impacted the margin of victory forAbraham Lincoln.[3] The work proved so popular, he was asked byUnion League of Philadelphia to create a painting of the subject matter.[1] He ended up making several copies of the painting, 17 of which still exist.[7]
PresidentUlysses S. Grant purchased the painting of "Sheridan's Ride" with the intent to hang it in the White House. It remained with the Grant Family until 1939, when it was donated to theNational Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution.[8]
His portrait work also includesRobert Browning,[9] Joseph Harrison Jr.,[10]Abraham Lincoln, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,Alfred Tennyson, and the Queen of Naples. Over the course of his career, he produced 60 significant paintings from studios in the United States, Düsseldorf, Florence, Liverpool, London, Manchester and Rome.[11]
Read also wrote a prose romance,The Pilgrims of the Great St. Bernard, and several books of poetry, includingThe New Pastoral,The House by the Sea,Sylvia, andA Summer Story. Some of the shorter pieces includeDrifting,The Angler,The Oath, andThe Closing Scene.[4] Read was briefly associated with thePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.[12] His greatest artistic popularity took place inFlorence, Italy where he was colleagues with other writers and artists such asJoel Tanner Hart,Hiram Powers,George Sand, andFrances Milton Trollope.[2]
In 1871, Read sustained serious injuries from a carriage accident and never fully recovered. He returned to the United States in 1872 but contractedpneumonia during the journey[8] and died soon after arriving at port in New York City.[1] He was interred atLaurel Hill Cemetery inPhiladelphia.[13]
In 1843, Read married Mary J. Pratt and together they had three children.[1] During a trip to Italy in 1853, his wife and daughter died due to illness.[4] He was remarried in 1867 to Harriet Dennison.[1]
Three of his paintings are held in the collection of theCincinnati Art Museum - "The Harp of Erin", "Hero" and "Portrait of an Old Man". His painting of Longfellow's children is in the New YorkMetropolitan Museum of Art and a self-portrait is in the WashingtonNational Gallery of Art.[2] ThePennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts has two of his paintings in their collection: a portrait of Joseph Harrison Jr. and "The Flight of the Arrow".[10]
In 1908, theThomas Buchanan Read School in theElmwood Park neighborhood of Philadelphia was named in his honor.[14]
In 1922, theChester County Historical Society erected a historical marker near the home where Read was born.[3]
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