At the end of his education, Boni began a long career in banking. From 1975 until 1979 he worked at the Benin Commercial Bank before moving to work at theCentral Bank of West African States (BCEAO) from 1977 until 1989.[2] From 1992 until 1994, he served as an economic adviser to the President of BeninNicéphore Soglo. In 1994 he left this position to become the President of theWest African Development Bank (BOAD).[2]
Boni stood as one of 26 candidates in theMarch 2006 presidential election.[3] The sitting president,Mathieu Kérékou, had been a dominant force in the politics of the country since the early 1970s and there were serious doubts about him agreeing to allow a transition of power. Boni surprised many by earning 35.8% of the vote in the first round as an independent candidate.[3] The main parts of his campaign were to improve governance, stimulate the private sector, improve educational opportunities for women and modernize the agricultural sector.[1] His closest competitor wasAdrien Houngbédji of Soglo'sParty for Democratic Renewal who received 25 percent. In the runoff between Boni and Houngbédji on 19 March 2006, Boni won with almost 75% of the vote.[3] He took office on 6 April 2006. The 2006 election saw high voter turnout and was considered free and fair by independent election observers.[3]
In the2007 parliamentary elections, a coalition that was led by theCowry Forces for an Emerging Benin (FCBE) and supported Boni earned the largest share of seats.[4] This coalition broke apart by 2010 and prevented the passage of many parts of Boni's agenda. By August 2010, an increasingly unified coalition was able to get a majority of the parliament to vote to impeach Boni for his involvement in aPonzi scheme that took the savings of 100,000 people in Benin.[5] While they did not get the required two-thirds majority to remove Boni from power, the opposition agreed to organize around Houngbédji in the2011 presidential election.[4]
A new voter system in the country was widely criticized by the opposition, and with the assistance of international organizations, Boni agreed to a two-week delay in the 2011 presidential election. The result of the election, deemed free and fair by international election monitors, was a victory for Boni on the first round with 53.8% of the vote.[4] Houngbédji, who received 36%, challenged the election and took the case to theConstitutional Court. The court named Boni as the winner on 21 March 2011, resulting in large-scale protests and police repression of those demonstrations.[4] Although protests continued, the opposition had largely fractured and Boni's coalition earned 49 of the 83 seats in theparliamentary elections that followed.[4] To date, Boni is the only person since the restoration of democracy to win the presidency in a single round.
Having served two terms in office, Yayi Boni was constitutionally required to step down in 2016. His preferred successor, Prime MinisterLionel Zinsou, was defeated in theMarch 2016 presidential election byPatrice Talon, and Yayi Boni was succeeded by Talon on 6 April 2016.
In September 2021, Patrice Talon and Thomas Boni Yayi, political allies who have become intimate enemies, met at the Marina Palace in Cotonou. During this tête-à-tête, Thomas Boni Yayi presented Patrice Talon with a series of proposals and requests, relating in particular to the release of "political detainees".[7]
On 15 March 2007, Yayi Boni survived an ambush on his convoy near the village of Ikemon while returning from an election campaign rally in the town Ouesse for the upcomingparliamentary elections. The attackers blocked the road with downed trees, and fired upon the vehicle that usually carries the President; however President Boni was traveling in a separate vehicle. Several of his entourage were wounded in the ensuing crossfire between the presidential guard and the would-be assassins.[8] However this information remains unproven since all sources claiming the assassination attempt come from the president's camp. The verification of such information remains impossible to date.
On 23 October 2012, theBBC reported that the president's doctor, niece, and former commerce minister had been arrested in a plot to poison the president.Patrice Talon, a former ally of the president and businessman, had reportedly paid the niece to substitute the President's medicine with a "toxic substance" while he was on a state visit toBrussels.[9]
In 2013, Benin authorities claimed to have foiled a coup.[10] In February, Colonel Pamphile Zomahoun and businessman Johannes Dagnon blocked Yayi while returning from a trip from anAfrican Union meeting atEquatorial Guinea. They were detained immediately.[10]
While some argue that Yayi's government was being targeted because of its fight against corruption, others argue that he used the criminal justice system to silence opposition and media.[11]
