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Kodendera Subayya Thimayya | |
|---|---|
 General KS Thimayya | |
| 3rdChief of the Army Staff | |
| In office 8 May 1957 – 7 May 1961 | |
| President | Rajendra Prasad |
| Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Preceded by | Satyawant Shrinagesh |
| Succeeded by | Pran Nath Thapar |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1906-03-31)31 March 1906[1][2] Madikeri,Coorg,Mysore,British India (nowKodagu district,Karnataka,India) |
| Died | 18 December 1965 (1965-12-19) (aged 59)[3][4] Cyprus |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  British India India |
| Service |  British Indian Army Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1926 – 1961 |
| Rank |  General |
| Service number | AI-944[5] |
| Unit | 19th Hyderabad Regiment (NowKumaon Regiment) |
| Commands |  Eastern Army Southern Army Western Army19th Infantry Division 268th Indian Infantry Brigade 8/19 Hyderabad United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) |
| Awards |  Padma Bhushan Distinguished Service Order |
| Alma mater | Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College Royal Military College, Sandhurst |
GeneralKodendera Subayya ThimayyaDSO (31 March 1906 – 18 December 1965) was the 3rdChief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1957 to 1961 during the crucial years leading up tothe conflict with China in 1962. Thimayya was the only Indian to command an Infantry brigade in battle during theSecond World War and is regarded as the most distinguished combat officer the Indian Army has produced.[6] After theKorean War, Thimayya headed aUnited Nations unit dealing with the repatriation of prisoners of war. After his retirement from the Army, he was appointed Commander of theUnited Nations Peace Keeping Force inCyprus from July 1964 to December 1965 and died in Cyprus while on active duty on 18 December 1965.
Kodandera Subayya Thimayya was born inMadikeri, the district town ofKodagu (formerly known asCoorg),Karnataka, on 31 March 1906, to Subayya and Sitamma into aKodava family.[1][2] His family was one of the leading coffee planters in the area. His mother, Sitamma, was highly educated and a social worker. She was the recipient ofKaisar-e-Hind Medal, in recognition of her work in public service.[7] Thimayya was the second of six children in his family. The eldest was Ponappa (m) (known as Ponnu), then Thimayya (known in the family as Dubbu, and by the British as Timmy), followed by Gangu (f), Dachu (f), Amavva (f) (known as Amie) and finally Somayya (m) (known as Freddie). All the three boys of the family rose to become officers in the Indian Army.[8]
On his father's side, Thimayya belonged to the Kodendera clan to which India's first commander-in-chiefCariappa also belonged (his uncle in fact). His mother, Cheppudi Chittauwa (or Cheppusi Chittavva), was from the Cheppudira family. His wife, Nina Thimayya, was a recipient of theKaisar-e-Hind Medal for her philanthropic contribution during the1935 Quetta earthquake. His maternal uncle, C.B. Ponnappa, was in the first batch ofcommissioned Indian officers from theIndore defence school and a batchmate of Cariappa. Desiring that he receive a good education, his family sent Thimayya, at the age of eight years, to St. Joseph's College inCoonoor, a convent run by Irish brothers. Later, Thimayya was sent toBishop Cotton Boys' School inBangalore, along with his brothers. After completing school, Thimayya was sent to thePrince of Wales Royal Indian Military College for military training and a stepping stone for a commission in theIndian Army. His elder brother Ponnappa (later joined INA) as well as younger brother Somayya (died in a mine accident in 1947–48 Kashmir operations) also joined the Indian army. Following his graduation from RIMC, "Timmy", as he was affectionately known, was one of only six Indian cadets selected for further training at theRoyal Military College, Sandhurst.
After completing his training, he was commissioned into theIndian Army on 4 February 1926 as aSecond Lieutenant. Amongst the other newly commissioned officers in his batch wasPran Nath Thapar, who would one day succeed Thimayya as Chief of Army Staff.[9] Thimayya was subsequently attached to theHighland Light Infantry as was the norm then, prior to a permanent posting with a regiment of the British Indian Army. He was soon posted to the 4th Battalion of the19th Hyderabad Regiment (nowKumaon Regiment), with date from 28 May 1927.[10] Appointed the regimentaladjutant in September 1930, Thimayya honed his soldiering skills on that famous training ground in the Northwest Frontier (present-day Pakistan), battling recalcitrant Pathan tribals.
In January 1935, Thimayya married Nina Cariappa (no relation to K M Cariappa). On 20 March 1936, they had a daughter, Mireille. The same April, Thimayya was posted as an Adjutant at the University Training Corps inMadras.
After this tenure, Thimayya was posted to his battalion inSingapore. In early 1941, he was promoted to the acting rank of Major,[11] and at his request, was transferred to India in October. Thimayya was posted as the Second-in-Command of a new raising (8/19 Hyderabad, later 8 Kumaon and 4 Kumaon) at the Hyderabad Regimental Centre inAgra. He was then detailed to attend the Staff College atQuetta where he and his wife had earlier made a name for themselves by selfless service during the1935 Quetta earthquake. He then served asGSO2 (Ops) (a Grade II Staff Officer) of25th Indian Division, the first Indian officer to get this coveted staff appointment.
His infantry division was conducting jungle warfare training and was preparing to go intoBurma to face theJapanese Army during the Second World War, serving in theSecond Arakan campaign. In Burma, he was posted to his old regiment as Commanding Officer of 8/19th Hyderabad, which he led with outstanding success in battle of Kangaw. For a short while the battalion was under the command of the3rd Commando Brigade, with Brigadier C. R. Hardy at the helm, who during the height of a battle presented a trophy to the battalion. It was agreen beret — the commandos' head dress — with a little typed message on a card, "We cannot buy anything here but we would like you to accept this as a token of our great admiration for the bravery and achievement of your battalion." For his outstanding service in battle, he was awarded the much covetedDistinguished Service Order (DSO) and also aMention-in-Dispatches.[12]
Thimayya represented the country during the surrender of the Japanese in Singapore, followed by the surrender of the Japanese in the Philippines. At the ceremony of Japanese surrender in Singapore, he signed on behalf of India. He was awarded the 'Keys to Manila' when he was sent to the Philippines. His innate talents of professional soldiering and leadership were soon recognized byField Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army. He was specially selected to lead the268th Indian Infantry Brigade as part of theBritish Commonwealth Occupation Force inJapan after World War II. He got this assignment due to his outstanding battle experience as a Brigadier and being the only Indian to command a battle formation in the field. As a matter of policy, the British avoided giving operational command to Indians. Thimmayya was the only exception.
As an independent brigade, the 268th had done excellent work in the Burma Campaign and was detailed as part of BRINDIV led byMaj Gen D. T. "Punch" Cowan. Brig. Thimayya proved to be an outstanding commander and his diplomatic skills emerged as he had to deal withGeneral Douglas MacArthur, theSupreme Allied Commander of theSouthwest Pacific Theatre, the other Allies and the vanquished Japanese. Thimayya's personality, charm of manners and unassailable reputation, impressed the Japanese of the calibre of Indian commanders. Thimayya was called on to defuse the sit-down strike by the 2nd Battalion,5th Royal Gurkha Rifles at the palace of theEmperor of Japan inTokyo when the battalion refused to obey its British officers.
AsIndian Independence approached, he was recalled to India by then Commander-in-chief of British India,Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck.
He returned to India in 1947, during thePartition, as member of the committee to agree to the allotment of weapons, equipment and regiments that were to remain in India, or to be allotted to Pakistan. Soon after the commission was completed, he was promoted to the acting rank ofMajor-General in September 1947 and was then assigned the command of the4th Infantry Division and also to take over the Punjab Boundary Force, dealing with the exodus and intake of refugees fleeing to their respective countries. In 1948 he was one of the active officers in the actions against the forces ofPakistan in theconflict overKashmir. His next appointment was command of the19th Infantry Division inJammu & Kashmir where he succeeded in driving the raiders and the Pakistan Army out of the Kashmir Valley. Personally leading the attack in the forward-most tank, thesurprise attack on Zoji La on 1 November 1948 by a brigade withStuart Light Tanks of the7th Light Cavalry,[13] succeeded in driving out the entrenched raiders andPakistan Army regulars and the eventual capture ofDras,Kargil andLeh.
Thereafter, Thimayya served as theCommandant of the Indian Military Academy, Dehra Dun. On 1 January 1950, he was promoted to substantive major-general from his rank of brigadier.[5] On 1 October 1951, Thimayya was appointed Quartermaster General.[14] The experience gained by him in Japan stood him in good stead when he was specially selected by the United Nations to head theNeutral Nations Repatriation Commission in Korea. It was a very sensitive and delicate task dealing with unruly Chinese and Korean prisoners. Here again, through sheer charisma, impartiality, firmness and diplomacy, he completed this task to the satisfaction of the world body. He returned to India and was promoted toGeneral Officer Commanding-in-Chief,Southern Command, with the rank ofLieutenant-General, in January 1953. In 1954, he was awarded thePadma Bhushan for Civil Service. He took over the reins of the Indian Army on 7 May 1957.[15]
General Kodandera Subayya Thimayya assumed charge of the Indian Army, as the 3rd Chief of the Army Staff, on 7 May 1957. He briefly resigned his post in 1959 over a dispute withV. K. Krishna Menon, the thenMinister of Defence (India). Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru refused to accept his resignation and persuaded him into withdrawing it. However, little action was taken on Thimayya's recommendations and he continued as the Army Chief till his retirement on 7 May 1961, completing 35 years of distinguished military service. Hence retired from the army in 1961, almost 15 months before the Chinese invasion of India in November 1962.[15]
After retirement from the Indian Army, the United Nations sought his services yet once again when he was appointed as the Commander of UN Forces inCyprus (UNFICYP) in July 1964. He died during his tenure at UNFICYP in December 1965 and his mortal remains were flown to Bangalore for the last rites.[citation needed]
The street perpendicular to East Street (a road parallel to MG road), Richmond Road inBangalore, and the main road throughLarnaca/Cyprus (East to West) were renamed as Gen Thimmayya Road in his memory. The road perpendicular to Hunsur Road in Mysore is also named as General Thimmayya Road. The Republic of Cyprus, also honored him by issuing a commemorative stamp in his memory in 1966.[16] The General K.S. Thimayya Memorial Trust, a Trust instituted by some Old Boys ofBishop Cotton Boys' School, annually hold the General K S Thimayya Memorial Lecture Series in his memory.[17] General Thimayya enjoys an unmatched legacy in the Indian Army. Of all the eulogies for him, the lateLieutenant General Premindra Singh Bhagat, VC (Retd.) summed it up best, "A General Thimayya is not born in every generation. The likes of him there will seldom be a soldier. The General is a man's man, the Army his soul and his soul the Army."[18] General Thimayya's house "Sunny Side" inMadikeri has been converted into a museum and a war memorial.[19] It was inaugurated in February 2021 in the presence of the President and Chief of Defence Staff.[20]
  | |||
 |  |  |  |
| Padma Bhushan | General Service Medal 1947 | Indian Independence Medal | |
| Distinguished Service Order | 1939–1945 Star | Burma Star | War Medal 1939–1945 |
| Insignia | Rank | Component | Date of rank |
|---|---|---|---|
_OF-1a.svg) | Second Lieutenant | British Indian Army | 4 February 1926[9] |
_OF-1b.svg) | Lieutenant | British Indian Army | 4 May 1928[21] |
_OF-2.svg) | Captain | British Indian Army | 4 February 1935[22] |
_OF-3.svg) | Major | British Indian Army | 1941 (acting) 1 April 1942 (temporary)[11] 4 February 1943 (substantive)[23] |
_OF-4.svg) | Lieutenant-Colonel | British Indian Army | 19 May 1944 (acting) 19 August 1944 (temporary) 1 October 1946 (war-substantive)[11] |
_OF-5.svg) | Colonel | British Indian Army | 1 April 1945 (temporary)[24] |
_OF-6.svg) | Brigadier | British Indian Army | 1 April 1945 (acting)[25] 1 October 1946 (temporary)[11] |
| Major | Indian Army | 15 August 1947[note 1][26] |
_OF-7.svg) | Major-General | Indian Army | September 1947 (acting) 1 January 1950 (substantive; seniority from 4 February 1949)[5][note 1] |
 | Major-General | Indian Army | 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)[26][27] |
 | Lieutenant-General | Indian Army | January 1953 |
| General (COAS) | Indian Army | 8 May 1957[28] |
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Chief of the Army Staff 1957–1961 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Sant Singh | General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command 1956–1957 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command 1955–1956 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Kalwant Singh | General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command 1954–1955 | Succeeded by Kalwant Singh |
| Preceded by | General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command Jan 1953 – Aug 1953 | Succeeded by Kalwant Singh |
| Preceded by | Commandant of the Indian Military Academy 1950–1951 | Succeeded by |
| Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army (1947–1948) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Chief of the Army Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army (1948–1955) | ||
| Chief of the Army Staff (1955–present) |
| |
(**Seconded from theBritish Army) | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
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