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Thiamylal

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Thiamylal
Clinical data

Other names	Thiamylal, Thioseconal, Surital
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATCvet code	QN01AF90 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)^[1] CA: Schedule IV US: Schedule III
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Hepatic
Eliminationhalf-life	14.3 h (cats)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5-(Pentan-2-yl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-sulfanylidenedihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
CAS Number	77-27-0^Y
PubChemCID	3032285
IUPHAR/BPS	7305
DrugBank	DB01154^Y
ChemSpider	2297298^Y
UNII	01T23W89FR
KEGG	D06106^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:9536^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL440^Y
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID3048441
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.927
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₂H₁₈N₂O₂S
Molar mass	254.35 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)C1(C(C)CCC)C\C=C
InChI InChI=1S/C12H18N2O2S/c1-4-6-8(3)12(7-5-2)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h5,8H,2,4,6-7H2,1,3H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)^Y Key:XLOMZPUITCYLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
(verify)

Thiamylal (Surital) is abarbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It hassedative,anticonvulsant, andhypnotic effects, and is used as a strong but short acting sedative. Thiamylal is still in current use, primarily for induction insurgical anaesthesia^[2] or as an anticonvulsant to counteract side effects from other anaesthetics.^[3] It is the thiobarbiturate analogue ofsecobarbital.

References

[edit]

^Anvisa (2023-03-31)."RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04).Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved2023-08-16.
^Hsieh MY, Hung GY, Hsieh YL, Chang CY, Hwang B (2005). "Deep sedation with methohexital or thiamylal with midazolam for invasive procedures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia".Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi.46 (5):294–300.PMID 16640004.
^Tsai CJ, Wang HM, Lu IC, Tai CF, Wang LF, Soo LY, Lu DV (February 2007)."Seizure after local anesthesia for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma".The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.23 (2):97–100.doi:10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70383-3.PMC 11918217.PMID 17339174.

Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C)

GABA_A

Alcohols	2M2B Chloralodol Ethanol (alcohol) Diethylpropanediol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Trichloroethanol
Barbiturates	Allobarbital Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbital Butabarbital Butobarbital Cyclobarbital Ethallobarbital Heptabarb Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Propylbarbital Proxibarbal Reposal Secobarbital Talbutal Thiamylal Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Vinbarbital Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines	Brotizolam Cinolazepam Climazolam Clonazolam Doxefazepam Estazolam Flubromazolam Flunitrazolam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Loprazolam Lormetazepam Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitemazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazolam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam
Carbamates	Carisoprodol Emylcamate Ethinamate Hexapropymate Meprobamate Methocarbamol Phenprobamate Procymate Tybamate
Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate
Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Capuride Carbromal Ectylurea
Neurosteroids	Acebrochol Alfadolone Alfaxolone Brexanolone (allopregnanolone) Eltanolone (pregnanolone) Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Progesterone Renanolone Zuranolone
Nonbenzodiazepines	Eszopiclone Indiplon Lirequinil Necopidem Pagoclone Pazinaclone Saripidem Suproclone Suriclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone
Phenols	Cipepofol (ciprofol) Fospropofol Propofol Propofol hemisuccinate
Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione
Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164
Others	Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Bromide compounds Lithium bromide Potassium bromide Sodium bromide Centalun Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloralose Clomethiazole Dichloralphenazone Gaboxadol (THIP) Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic acid Sulfonylalkanes Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) Tetronal Trional Triclofos

GABA_B

H₁

Antihistamines	Captodiame Cyproheptadine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Methapyrilene Perlapine Pheniramine Promethazine Propiomazine
Antidepressants	Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.

α₂-Adrenergic

5-HT_2A

Antidepressants	Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.
Others	Niaprazine

Melatonin

Orexin

α₂δ VDCC

Others

Cannabinoids (e.g.,cannabis,tetrahydrocannabinol/dronabinol,nabilone,cannabidiol,Zenivol)
Chlorophenylalkyldiols
Diethylpropanediol
Evoxine
Fenadiazole
GABA reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,tiagabine)
Guaifenesin-relatedmuscle relaxants
Midaflur
Opioids (e.g.,morphine)
Passion flower
Phemerazole
Scopolamine
Serotonin precursors (e.g.,tryptophan,5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP;oxitriptan))
Trazodone
UMB68
Valnoctamide

v t e GABA_A receptor positive modulators
Alcohols	Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol (cloretone) Ethanol (alcohol) (alcoholic drink) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert-Butanol (2M2P) tert-Pentanol (2M2B) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol
Barbiturates	(-)-DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Bromazolam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Cloniprazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam CP-1414S Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Dimdazenil Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam FG-8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazolam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH-II-66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 SH-053-R-CH3-2′F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam
Carbamates	Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Hydroxyphenamate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate
Flavonoids	6-Methylapigenin Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc-OMe Skullcap constituents (e.g.,baicalin) Wogonin
Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Methoxyetomidate Propoxate Isopropoxate Butomidate Iso-butomidate Sec-butomidate CF2-Etomidate CF3-Etomidate CF3-Propoxate Flutomidate 2,6-Dichloro-3-fluoroetomidate
Kava constituents	10-Methoxyyangonin 11-Methoxyyangonin 11-Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 7,8-Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5-Hydroxykavain 5,6-Dihydroyangonin 7,8-Dihydrokavain 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 5,6-Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7,8-Dihydromethysticin Yangonin
Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone (brexanolone) Alfadolone Alfaxalone 3α-Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Certainanabolic-androgenic steroids Cholesterol DHDOC 3α-DHP 5α-DHP 5β-DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone ORG-20599 ORG-21465 P1-185 Posovolone Pregnanolone (eltanolone) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE-105 SAGE-324 SAGE-516 SAGE-689 SAGE-872 Testosterone THDOC Zuranolone
Nonbenzodiazepines	Cyclopyrrolones:Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone Imidazopyridines:Alpidem DS-1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem Pyrazolopyrimidines:Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon Others:Adipiplon CGS-8216 CGS-9896 CGS-13767 CGS-20625 CL-218,872 CP-615,003 CTP-354 ELB-139 GBLD-345 Imepitoin JM-1232 L-838,417 Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) Miltirone (rosmariquinone) NS-2664 NS-2710 NS-11394 Pipequaline ROD-188 RWJ-51204 SB-205,384 SX-3228 TGSC01AA TP-003 TPA-023 TP-13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y-23684
Phenols	Cipepofol Fospropofol Propofol Propofol hemisuccinate Thymol
Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione
Pyrazolopyridines	Cartazolate Etazolate ICI-190,622 Tracazolate
Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164
Volatiles/gases	Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether
Others/unsorted	3-Hydroxybutanal α-EMTBL AA-29504 Alogabat Avermectins (e.g.,ivermectin) Bromide compounds (e.g.,lithium bromide,potassium bromide,sodium bromide) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole Darigabat DEABL Deuterated etifoxine Dihydroergolines (e.g.,dihydroergocryptine,dihydroergosine,dihydroergotamine,ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g.,flufenamic acid,mefenamic acid,niflumic acid,tolfenamic acid) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid KRM-II-81 Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans (e.g.,4-O-methylhonokiol,honokiol,magnolol,obovatol) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) Monastrol Nicotinic acid Nicotinamide Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine (ezogabine) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g.,sulfonmethane (sulfonal),tetronal,trional) Terpenoids (e.g.,borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g.,isovaleric acid,isovaleramide,valerenic acid,valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:α-Pinene MRK-409 (MK-0343) TCS-1105 TCS-1205
See also:Receptor/signaling modulators •GABA receptor modulators •GABA metabolism/transport modulators

v t e Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators
CARTooltip Constitutive androstane receptor	Agonists:6,7-Dimethylesculetin Amiodarone Artemisinin Benfuracarb Carbamazepine Carvedilol Chlorpromazine Chrysin CITCO Clotrimazole Cyclophosphamide Cypermethrin DHEA (prasterone) Efavirenz Ellagic acid Griseofulvin Methoxychlor Mifepristone Nefazodone Nevirapine Nicardipine Octicizer Permethrin Phenobarbital Phenytoin Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone) Reserpine TCPOBOP Telmisartan Tolnaftate Troglitazone Valproic acid Antagonists:3,17β-Estradiol 3α-Androstanol 3α-Androstenol 3β-Androstanol 17-Androstanol AITC Ethinylestradiol Meclizine Nigramide J Okadaic acid PK-11195 S-07662 T-0901317
PXRTooltip Pregnane X receptor	Agonists:17α-Hydroxypregnenolone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Δ⁴-Androstenedione Δ⁵-Androstenediol Δ⁵-Androstenedione AA-861 Allopregnanediol Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone) Allopregnanolone (brexanolone) Alpha-Lipoic acid Ambrisentan AMI-193 Amlodipine besylate Antimycotics Artemisinin Aurothioglucose Bile acids Bithionol Bosentan Bumecaine Cafestol Cephaloridine Cephradine Chlorpromazine Ciglitazone Clindamycin Clofenvinfos Chloroxine Clotrimazole Colforsin Corticosterone Cyclophosphamide Cyproterone acetate Demecolcine Dexamethasone DHEA (prasterone) DHEA-S (prasterone sulfate) Dibunate sodium Diclazuril Dicloxacillin Dimercaprol Dinaline Docetaxel Docusate calcium Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Dronabinol Droxidopa Eburnamonine Ecopipam Enzacamene Epothilone B Erythromycin Famprofazone Febantel Felodipine Fenbendazole Fentanyl Flucloxacillin Fluorometholone Griseofulvin Guggulsterone Haloprogin Hetacillin potassium Hyperforin Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) Indinavir sulfate Lasalocid sodium Levothyroxine Linolenic acid:α-Linolenic acid andγ-Linolenic acid LOE-908 Loratadine Lovastatin Meclizine Metacycline Methylprednisolone Metyrapone Mevastatin Mifepristone Nafcillin Nicardipine Nicotine Nifedipine Nilvadipine Nisoldipine Norelgestromin Omeprazole Orlistat Oxatomide Paclitaxel Phenobarbital Piperine Plicamycin Prednisolone Pregnanediol Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone) Pregnanolone Pregnenolone Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile Proadifen Progesterone Quingestrone Reserpine Reverse triiodothyronine Rifampicin Rifaximin Rimexolone Riodipine Ritonavir Simvastatin Sirolimus Spironolactone Spiroxatrine SR-12813 Suberoylanilide Sulfisoxazole Suramin Tacrolimus Tenylidone Terconazole Testosterone isocaproate Tetracycline Thiamylal sodium Thiothixene Thonzonium bromide Tianeptine Troglitazone Troleandomycin Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate Zafirlukast Zeranol Antagonists:Ketoconazole Sesamin
See also Receptor/signaling modulators

General anesthetics (N01A)

Inhalational

Injection

Phenols	Cipepofol (ciprofol)^† Fospropofol Propofol^#
Barbiturates	Amobarbital Hexobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Thiamylal Thiopental^# Thiotetrabarbital
Benzodiazepines	Midazolam^# Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Remimazolam
Opioids	Morphine^# Oxycodone Anileridine^‡ Embutramide^‡ Fentanyl^# Alfentanil Phenoperidine Remifentanil÷ Sufentanil
Arylcyclohexylamines	Esketamine Ketamine^# Phencyclidine^‡ Tiletamine
Neuroactive steroids	Alfadolone Alfaxalone Hydroxydione
Others	Etomidate Propoxate Metomidate Propanidid^‡

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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