Theodore Medad Pomeroy
26th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office March 3, 1869 – March 4, 1869
Preceded by	Schuyler Colfax
Succeeded by	James G. Blaine
Leader of the House Republican Conference
In office March 3, 1869 – March 4, 1869
Preceded by	Schuyler Colfax
Succeeded by	James G. Blaine
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromNew York
In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1869
Preceded by	Martin Butterfield
Succeeded by	George W. Cowles
Constituency	25th district (1861–1863) 24th district (1863–1869)
Member of theNew York State Senate from the25th district
In office January 1, 1878 – December 31, 1879
Preceded by	William B. Woodin
Succeeded by	Dennis McCarthy
Personal details
Born	December 31, 1824 Cayuga, New York, U.S.
Died	March 23, 1905 (aged 80) Auburn, New York, U.S.
Political party	Whig,Republican
Spouse	Elizabeth Leitch Watson
Children	5
Education	Monroe Academy
Alma mater	Hamilton College
Profession	Attorney

Theodore Medad Pomeroy (December 31, 1824 – March 23, 1905) was an American businessman and politician fromNew York who served as the 26thspeaker of the United States House of Representatives for one day, from March 3, 1869, to March 4, 1869, the shortest American speakership term. He representedNew York's 24th congressional district in theUnited States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1869. He also served as the mayor ofAuburn, New York, from 1875 to 1876, and in theNew York State Senate from 1878 to 1879.^[1]

Theodore Medad Pomeroy was born on December 31, 1824. He spent his childhood inElbridge, New York, where he went to live when he was nine years old.^[1]

He was educated at the Monroe Academy and at 15, enteredHamilton College as a junior.^[2] He graduated in 1842 at age 17 and was ranked in the first division of 6 in a class of 24.^[1]

In May 1843, at the age of 18, he left his parents' home inCayuga^{[clarification needed]} and moved toAuburn, where he entered the firm of Beach & Underwood as a law student.William H. Seward was counsel for the firm as he had just finished serving as theGovernor of New York from 1838 to 1842.^[3]Christopher Morgan andSamuel Blatchford, who later became anAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, became associated with the firm. On May 23, 1846,^[2] he was admitted to practice as an attorney in the state of New York.^[1]

In 1847, he was elected by theWhig Party as clerk of Auburn and in 1851, he was nominated by the Whigs and was elected district attorney.^[2] He was reelected again in 1853 and served a second term. At the end of his second term he was chosen to be a Member of theNew York Assembly by the Republicans to represent the second district of Cayuga and served in the legislature in 1857 but declined renomination.^[1]

In September 1860, he was nominated and elected by theRepublican Party to represent the25th congressional district, composed of the counties of Cayuga andWayne, in the House of Representatives. On July 4, 1861,^[4] he took his seat at theextra session of the37th Congress convened by PresidentAbraham Lincoln, right after the start of theCivil War.^[5] He was referred to as the youngest-looking member on the floor by Washington newspaper correspondents, who described him as follows:

Mr. Pomeroy of Auburn is small in stature, with keen black eyes, a peculiarly expressive countenance and somewhere near as smart as chain lightning, at least when he deals with lower law Democracy. He is one of the most energetic and effective debaters in the House and brimful to running over with that kind of Republicanism which is found in the now somewhat antiquated document known as theDeclaration of Independence. The lions of buccaneer Democracy fare hard when they fall into his hands and he occasionally handles certain old fogy Republicans without gloves.^[1]

He was nominated by acclamation in 1862, 1864, and 1866 from the24th congressional district which comprised the counties of Cayuga, Wayne andSeneca. On March 3, 1869, Pomeroy's final full day in office came to a close with the40th Congress.

Schuyler Colfax, who was to besworn into office as vice president the next day, resigned asspeaker of the House. Upon his resignation, the House passed amotion declaring Pomeroy, who was himself leaving Congress the next day, duly elected as speaker in place of Colfax. In office for one day, his is the shortest tenure of any speaker of the U.S. House.^[6]

After leaving Congress, Pomeroy was briefly out of politics. He returned to public life in the mid-1870s and was elected mayor of Auburn, New York, serving from 1875 to 1876, then as a member of theNew York State Senate (25th D.) in1878 and1879.^[2][5]

After the war ended, a boom in business production and industry began around the country. In the spring of 1866, theMerchants Union Express Company was organized to transport trade and goods across the United States withElmore P. Ross as president,William H. Seward Jr. as vice-president, John N. Knapp as secretary, William C. Beardsley as treasurer, and Pomeroy as their attorney. By October 1866, the company was transporting goods across the major U.S. railroads and by the beginning of 1867, the company operated a network of express lines across the entire United States.^[1] The huge business incurred equally huge debts and in 1868,^[7] the company was acquired and merged with the American Merchants Union, now known as theAmerican Express Company. Pomeroy stayed on and served as first vice-president^[2] and general counsel,^[8] along with co-founderWilliam Fargo and later with William's brother,J. C. Fargo, in 1868.^[5][9][10]

On September 4, 1855, while serving his second term as District Attorney, he married Elizabeth Leitch Watson (1835–1892), the second daughter of Robert Watson, also of Auburn. Elizabeth's sister, Janet MacNeil Watson (1839–1913), marriedWilliam H. Seward Jr. (1839–1920).^[11] Together, they had five children.^[12]

Pomeroy retired from public life in 1879 and lived at 168 Genesee Street in Auburn, where he died in 1905.^[2]Harriet Tubman (1822–1913) was a close friend of the family who helped care for the Pomeroy children. She attended his funeral and it was reported that only her flowers and letter were placed on his casket and buried with him.^[11][12]

Pomeroy's grandchildren include New York state senatorRobert Watson Pomeroy (1902–1989), Janet Pomeroy Avery (1891–1969), who marriedJohn Foster Dulles (1888–1959), theU.S. secretary of state during theEisenhower administration, andJosephine Herrick (1897–1972), photographer and teacher.^[12]

His great-grandchildren includeJohn W. F. Dulles (1913–2008), a professor of history and specialist inBrazil at theUniversity of Texas at Austin,^[13] Lillias Dulles Hinshaw (1914–1987), aPresbyterian minister, andAvery Dulles (1918–2008), who converted toRoman Catholicism, entered theJesuit order, and became the first American theologian to be appointed acardinal.^[12]

• List of mayors of Auburn, New York

Notes

Sources

• Van Deusen, Glyndon (1967).William Henry Seward. New York: Oxford University Press.OCLC 426046.

• United States Congress."Theodore M. Pomeroy (id: P000424)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

• 1824 births
• 1905 deaths
• American bankers
• American people of French descent
• County district attorneys in New York (state)
• Hamilton College (New York) alumni
• Mayors of places in New York (state)
• Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
• Republican Party New York (state) state senators
• People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
• Politicians from Auburn, New York
• Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
• Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
• 19th-century American businesspeople
• 19th-century members of the New York State Legislature
• 19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020