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Theni district | |
|---|---|
     Clockwise from top-left:Vaigai Dam, Anumandharaayapperumaal temple,Meghamalai, view of Theni Valley fromKolukkumalai,Manjalar Dam | |
.svg) Location in Tamil Nadu | |
 Theni district | |
| Coordinates: 9.9330° N, 77.4702° E | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Tamil Nadu |
| Established | 7 July 1997[1] |
| Headquarters | Theni |
| Talukas | Andipatti,Bodinayakanur,Periyakulam,Theni,Uthamapalayam[2] |
| Government | |
| • District Collector | Ranjeet SinghIndian Administrative Service took charge on 13.02.2025IAS[3][4] |
| Area | |
• District ofTamil Nadu | 2,868 km2 (1,107 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 3007 |
| Population (2011)[5] | |
• District ofTamil Nadu | 1,245,899 |
| • Density | 434.4/km2 (1,125/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 591,841 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 625531 |
| Telephone code | 04546 |
| ISO 3166 code | ISO 3166-2:IN |
| Vehicle registration | TN-60 (Theni), TN-60Z (Uttamapalayam) |
| Coastline | 0 kilometres (0 mi) |
| Largest city | Theni |
| Sex ratio | M-50.5%/F-49.5%♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 71.58% |
| Legislature type | elected |
| Legislature Strength | 5 |
| Precipitation | 833.5 millimetres (32.81 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 15 °C (59 °F) |
| Website | |
Theni district is one of the 38 districts ofTamil Nadu state in India. Surrounded by hills, the district is located to the west ofMadurai district. The town ofTheni is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions by the hills and is further subdivided into fiveTaluks:Theni,Bodinayakanur,Periyakulam,Uthamapalayam andAndipatti. The area is rich in natural features, with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side, andCumbum Valley, which lies inUthamapalayam taluk.[6] As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899.
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Theni District was formed by the splitting from the formerMadurai District as per G.O. Ms. No. 679 Revenue Department, dated 7 July 1996. Because of the bifurcation, a new Revenue Division (Uthamapalayam) and two new taluks—Theni and Bodinayakanur—were created on 1 January 1997. Theni Municipal town was not a district headquarters until this date.
The region covered by present-day Theni District was sparsely populated before the 1900s. In 1886Mullaperiyar dam project bought part of the water fromPeriyar River downhill to the Cumbum Valley and merged it into theMullayar River. This project lead more people to settle down in Cumbum Valley. Theni was a small, lesser-known town through the 1900s. After the Mullai-Periyar merger project, many people from nearby arid regions (Sivakasi,Kovilpatti,Virudhunagar,Sattur, and others) settled inCumbum Valley, the present day Theni District, leading to an influx of people from the 1890s to 1920s. Later, the area developed rapidly due to commerce.
The 2,889 km2 (1,115 sq mi) district lies at the foot of theWestern Ghats between 9' 39' and 10' 30' North latitude and between 77' 00' and 78' 30' of East Longitude. Central location:10°04′N77°45′E / 10.067°N 77.750°E /10.067; 77.750. The district is bordered byDindigul District to the north,Madurai District to the east,Virudhunagar District to the southwest, andIdukki district of the state ofKerala to the west.[citation needed]
A range of hills which runs parallel to Western Ghats from north to south separate it from the neighboring state ofKerala.[7]
In the plains, the temperatures range from a minimum of 15 °C (59 °F) to a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F).[citation needed] In the hills, the temperatures can range from as low as 4–5 °C (39–41 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). The district is known for its pleasant climate, hills, and lakes.[citation needed]
TheVaigai River,Kottagudi River,Varaganathi River,Shanmuganathi River andManjalar River flow through the district. The main reservoirs in the district areLower Periyar Dam,Vaigai Dam,Shanmuganathi Dam andSothuparai Dam.[citation needed]
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theni | 198 | Andipatti | A. Maharajan | DMK | SPA | |||
| 199 | Periyakulam (SC) | K. S. Saravana Kumar | ||||||
| 200 | Bodinayakanur | O. Panneerselvam | AIADMK | NDA | ||||
| Independent | None | Expelled from AIADMK[10] | ||||||
| 201 | Cumbum | N. Eramakrishnan | DMK | SPA | ||||
The economy of Theni district is mostly agricultural. Utilization of land area for cultivation in the district is 40.33%.[6]: 29 The principal crops produced (intonnes) in 2005-2006 weresugarcane 1,201,221,cotton 95,360 (561 bales of 170. kg lint each),rice (paddy) 66,093,millets and othercereals 57,081,pulses 6,677,groundnut 4,021 andgingelly 325.[11]Silk,Banana,Coconut,Tea,Coffee,Cardamom,Grapes andMangoes are the other main produce of the district.[12]Kolukkumalai located in Theni district atop theWestern Ghats is the home to the highest-altitude tea plantation in the world.Cumbum Valley is a major centre for grape production with 4,000 small farmers producing over 90,000 tonnes ofMuscat grapes, locally known aspanneer dhrakshai, and about 10,000 tonnes ofThomson seedless grapes. The unique feature here is that the grapes are harvested throughout the year, while in most grape growing centres elsewhere the season ends with summer.[citation needed]
Cotton spinning mills and sugar mills are the major industries in this district. In Andipatti Taluk, handloom weaving and power looms flourish, while in Uthamapalayam Taluk, the Highwavis Estate produces a large amount of tea.Bodinayakanur is a major market place for cardamom, coffee, tea andblack pepper. The city is often called "Cardamom City" because of the large quantity of cardamom trade in this area. It has an auction centre for cardamom.[7]
The Periyar and Surliar Hydro Power Stations and the Vaigai Micro Hydro Power Station have 181 MW installed capacity and actual power generation of 494 MW in 1996 in this district.[6]: 15 Theni is one of the active business hubs in the western side of Tamil Nadu, inviting more industries to its locality. The district has 41.09 km ofMetre gauge track serving 3 Railway Stations which connect toMadurai[6]: 29 now converted to broad gauge.[13][14] TheTeni Junction Railway Station is the largest civilian railway station in the district.[citation needed]
The forest area in Theni district is about 33.70%. There are 27 forest areas in the district, constituting a total area of 795.81 km2 (307.26 sq mi).[citation needed] Of these, 19 areas fall under theReserve Forest category with 255.44 km2 (98.63 sq mi) and 8 areas under Reserve Land category with 540.37 km2 (208.64 sq mi). Total area of forest (under green cover classification) was 806.86 km2 (311.53 sq mi). Dense forest and sparse forest are 292.81 km2 (113.05 sq mi) and 22.43 km2 (8.66 sq mi), respectively. About 44.65 km2 (17.24 sq mi) of artificial forest area are cultivated in the district.Wattle,softwood,fuel wood,cashew,neem, andtamarind are the mainforest plantation species in the district.[6] The forest area in the district is 1,179.29 km2 (455.33 sq mi), which is 40.98% of the total geographical area of the district.[15] TheMeghamalai Wildlife sanctuary,Srivilliputhur elephant reserve, and part of Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary are situated in Theni district.[citation needed]
There has been no conservation of biological resources in the district. The information of wild life census in Theni district is yet to be made available.[6]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 92.22% | |||
| Islam | 4.56% | |||
| Christianity | 3.02% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.20% | |||
According to2011 census, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex-ratio of 991 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 53.81% of the population lived in urban areas.[17] A total of 119,661 were under the age of six, constituting 61,873 males and 57,788 females.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.72% and 0.15% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 69.84%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[17] The district had a total of 338,112 households. There were a total of 591,642 workers, comprising 36,371 cultivators, 275,585 main agricultural labourers, 12,714 in house hold industries, 205,921 other workers, 61,051 marginal workers, 1,996 marginal cultivators, 39,576 marginal agricultural labourers, 2,225 marginal workers in household industries and 17,254 other marginal workers.[18]
At the time of the 2011 census, 79.04% of the population spokeTamil, 12.75%Telugu and 7.86%Kannada as their first language.[19]
Periyakulam,Theni,Uthamapalayam,Cumbum, andBodinayakanur are populous towns in the district.[citation needed]
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Theni district is home to many cultural festivals, celebrating both Hindu and local culture.
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