 View from Via Montanara | |
   Theatre of Marcellus Shown within Augustan Rome | |
 Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Location | Regio IX Circus Flaminius |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°53′30.88″N12°28′46.13″E / 41.8919111°N 12.4794806°E /41.8919111; 12.4794806 |
| Type | Roman theatre (structure) |
| History | |
| Builder | Julius CaesarAugustus Caesar /Marcus Marcellus |
| Founded | 13 BC |
TheTheatre of Marcellus (Latin:Theatrum Marcelli,Italian:Teatro di Marcello) was an ancient open-air theatre inRome,Italy, built in the closing years of theRoman Republic. It is located in the modernrione ofSant'Angelo. In the sixteenth century, it was converted into apalazzo.
Space for thetheatre was cleared byJulius Caesar, who was murdered before its construction could begin; the theatre was advanced enough by 17 BC that part of the celebration of theludi saeculares took place within the theatre; it was completed in 13 BC and formally inaugurated in 12 BC byAugustus,[1] named after his nephewMarcus Claudius Marcellus who had died in 23 BC.
The theatre was 111 m in diameter and was the largest and most important theatre in Ancient Rome;[2] it could originally hold between 11,000 and 20,000 spectators.[1][2] A catalogue compiled at the end of the 4th century recorded that the theatre's seating capacity was 17,580 persons.[3] It was an impressive example of what was to become one of the most pervasive urban architectural forms of the Roman world. The theatre was built mainly oftuff, and concrete faced with stones in the pattern known asopus reticulatum, completely sheathed in whitetravertine. However, it is also the earliest dateable building in Rome to make use of firedRoman brick, then a new introduction from the Greek world.[4]
The network of arches, corridors, tunnels and ramps that gave access to the interiors of such Roman theatres were normally ornamented with a screen of engaged columns in Greek orders:Doric at the base,Ionic in the middle. It is believed thatCorinthian columns were used for the upper level but this is uncertain as the theatre was reconstructed in the Middle Ages, removing the top tier of seating and the columns.[1]
Like other Roman theatres in suitable locations, it had openings through which the natural setting could be seen, in this case theTiber Island to the southwest. The permanent setting, thescaena, also rose to the top of thecavea as in other Roman theatres.
The theatre fell out of use in the early 4th century and the structure served as a quarry, e.g., for thePons Cestius in 370 AD. However, the statues located inside the building were restored byPetronius Maximus in 421 and the remaining structure still housed small residential buildings.In theEarly Middle Ages the theatre was used as afortress of the Roman family of Faffo or Fabi (called "from Pescheria") and then at the end of the 11th century (when it was known astemplum Marcelli), byPier Leoni and later his heirs (the Pierleoni). This saved the complex from further destruction. TheSavelli held it in the 13th century. Later, in the 16th century, the residence of theOrsini, designed byBaldassare Peruzzi, was built atop the ruins of the ancient theatre. By the 19th century, rises in the street level meant that almost half the ground floor was below it.
Now the upper floors are divided into multiple clubs, and its surroundings are used as a venue for small summer concerts; thePortico d'Ottavia lies to the north west leading to theRoman Ghetto and the Tiber to the south west. The Embassy of theSovereign Military Order of Malta to theHoly See is located in the premises of Casa Litta – Palazzo Orsini, in Teatro Marcello.[5]
According to his son,Christopher Wren aspired to the "ancient Roman Grandeur discernible in the Theatre of Marcellus" in his design for theSheldonian Theatre, although its design is "not... an obvious derivative of the semicircular Theatre of Marcellus" and there is no evidence that it was modelled on it.[6]
A 1:100 scale model of the theatre is found in Room IX of theMuseum of Roman Civilization in Rome.[7]
| Preceded by Stadium of Domitian | Landmarks of Rome Theatre of Marcellus | Succeeded by Theatre of Pompey |
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