| Formerly | Fables Pictures, Inc (1920-1931) |
|---|---|
| Industry | Animation studio |
| Founded | 1920 |
| Founders | Amedee J. Van Beuren Paul Terry |
| Defunct | 1936[1] |
| Fate | Closed |
| Successor | Terrytoons |
| Headquarters | , |
The Van Beuren Corporation, headed by producerAmedee J. Van Beuren, was aNew York City-based[2]film studio that produced theatrical cartoons and live-actionshort-subjects from the 1920s to 1936.
In 1920, theKeith-Albee organization formedFables Pictures for the production of theAesop's Film Fables cartoon series withPaul Terry, who himself owned 10 percent of the studio.[2] Amedee J. Van Beuren bought into Terry's studio in 1928. Terry ran the animation studio while Van Beuren focused on other parts of the business. Van Beuren wanted to make cartoons in the then-new sound format but Terry, already accustomed to silent-film economics, was reluctant. Van Beuren released Terry's first sound cartoonDinner Time (1928) (a month before Disney'sSteamboat Willie) throughPathé Exchange, which later became part ofRKO Radio Pictures. Van Beuren broke away from Terry and formed his own company, Van Beuren Studios, releasing through Pathé. Terry started his ownTerrytoons studio and John Foster took over the animation department.
The early sound Van Beuren cartoons are almost identical to the late silent cartoons: highly visual, with little dialogue and occasional sound effects. BandleaderGene Rodemich and his assistant and successorWinston Sharples supervised the music. The company's main cartoon characters were "Tom and Jerry", a tall-and-short pair, usually vagrants who attempted various occupations. They share no relation toMGM's more successful cat-and-mouseTom and Jerry, and the older series was renamed "Dick and Larry" (by home-movie distributorOfficial Films) and more recently "Van Beuren's Tom and Jerry". Van Beuren was keenly aware that successful cartoons often featured animated "stars", and urged his staff to come up with new ideas for characters. Cubby, a mischievous little bear, resulted.
In 1932, Van Beuren planned to release a series of wild-animal shorts featuring celebrity explorerFrank Buck. RKO executives were so impressed by these Van Beuren shorts that they decided to combine them into a feature film,Bring 'Em Back Alive. This was a very successful business move, but it left both Van Beuren and RKO with a void in their short-subject schedule. Van Beuren, forced to act quickly, found an existing series of two-reel comedies:Charlie Chaplin's 12 productions for the Mutual film company, produced in 1916-17.[3] Van Beuren paid $10,000 each for the shorts, and assigned his animation department to create new music and sound effects for the silent films. Gene Rodemich and Winston Sharples assembled new orchestral scores. RKO released the Van Beuren Chaplins from August 1932 to July 1934. Chaplin did not own these films; author Michael J. Hayde discloses that Chaplin had declined several opportunities to purchase them.
The Van Beuren Corporation acquired and produced live-action features such asAdventure Girl (1934) and two more Frank Buck safaris,Wild Cargo (1934) andFrank Buck's Fang and Claw (1935). Other Van Beuren live-action productions included a "Van Beuren Vagabond" travelogue series, a series of novelty shorts narrated by the radio comedy teamEasy Aces (Goodman Ace and Jane Ace), and musical comedy shorts featuringBert Lahr orShemp Howard, and other musical or comedy acts.
By mid‑1933, RKO had grown dissatisfied with the creative direction of the Van Beuren cartoons, in particular the Tom and Jerry shorts, viewing them as too surreal and lacking in broad commercial appeal.[4] According to animator Mannie Davis, RKO installed Hiram S. Brown, Jr. (nicknamed "Bunny" and the son of RKO executive Hiram Brown) as business manager in 1933. Brown clashed with director John Foster, and Foster's name disappeared from credits after March 1933.[5] He was replaced by George Stallings.
Film Daily announced on September 1, 1933 that the Tom and Jerry series had been discontinued, to be replaced byOtto Soglow's popular comic-strip character "The Little King".[6] On September 21, 1933, supervisor Brown slashed the payroll by discharging 10 animators and assistants (from a staff of 96, according to head animator Harry Bailey).[7]Film Daily expressed surprise: "Harry D. Bailey, one of the head animators who has been with the company 12 years, and George Rufle, another chief animator, were among the departures."[8] Supervisor Brown went on to head theserial unit atRepublic Pictures.
Van Beuren remained dissatisfied, and after licensingThe Little King he signed the radio comedy actAmos 'n' Andy to provide their voices for animated cartoons. Neither series was successful.
With the availability of "perfected"Technicolor (now with three basic colors instead of two), Van Beuren saw an opportunity to challengeWalt Disney, who led the field of animation. Van Beuren then hired directorBurt Gillett and animatorTom Palmer away from Disney, to create a new series of color cartoons. These "Rainbow Parade" cartoons featured established characters:Felix the Cat,Parrotville Parrots,Molly Moo-Cow, and theToonerville Folks. These full-color Van Beuren efforts were well received, and Van Beuren had finally succeeded in sponsoring a popular cartoon series.
Van Beuren's new prosperity was short-lived. His distributor, RKO, agreed to release new Technicolor cartoons produced byWalt Disney. RKO, no longer needing Van Beuren's cartoons, abandoned the Rainbow Parade shorts.
Amedee J. Van Beuren fell ill during this time. In July 1938, he had a stroke. During his convalescence, Van Beuren noted with dismay that many animation studios were unionizing. His own staff hadgone on strike in 1935 over Van Beuren's reluctance to recognize a union.[9] Instead of inviting more labor problems, and having to shop for a new distributor after being cast adrift by RKO, Van Beuren decided to shut down his studio completely.
He never fully recovered from the stroke, and he suffered a fatal heart attack on November 12, 1938.[10][11]
The Van Beuren film library was acquired by various television, reissue, and home-movie distributors in the 1940s and 1950s, including Unity Pictures, Walter Gutlohn/Library Films, Guaranteed Pictures and its 16mm divisionCommonwealth Pictures, and Official Films.[citation needed] The library eventually lapsed into thepublic domain.[citation needed]
Animation:
Live-action:
Live-action shorts:
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