The Sunday Times is a British Sunday newspaper whose circulation makes it the largest in Britain'squality press market category. It was founded in 1821 asThe New Observer. It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary ofNews UK (formerly News International), which is owned byNews Corp. Times Newspapers also publishesThe Times. The two papers, founded separately and independently, have been under the same ownership since 1966. They were bought by News International in 1981.
In March 2020,The Sunday Times had a circulation of 647,622, exceeding that of its main rivals,The Sunday Telegraph andThe Observer, combined.[4][5] While some other national newspapers moved to atabloid format in the early 2000s,The Sunday Times retained the largerbroadsheet format and has said that it intends to continue to do so. As of December 2019, it sold 75% more copies than its sister paper,The Times, which is published from Monday to Saturday.[6]
The paper began publication on 18 February 1821 asThe New Observer, but from 21 April its title was changed to theIndependent Observer. Its founder, Henry White, chose the name apparently in an attempt to take advantage of the success ofThe Observer, which had been founded in 1791, although there was no connection between the two papers. On 20 October 1822 it was reborn asThe Sunday Times, although it had no relationship withThe Times.[7] In January 1823, White sold the paper toDaniel Whittle Harvey, a radical politician.[citation needed]
Under its new owner,The Sunday Times notched up several firsts. A wood engraving it published of the coronation ofQueen Victoria in 1838 was the largest illustration to have appeared in a British newspaper.[8] In 1841, it became one of the first papers to serialise a novel:William Harrison Ainsworth'sOld St Paul's.[9]
The paper was bought in 1887 byAlice Anne Cornwell, who had made a fortune in mining in Australia and by floating the Midas Mine Company on the London Stock Exchange. She bought the paper to promote her new company, The British and Australasian Mining Investment Company, and as a gift to her loverPhil Robinson. Robinson was installed as editor and the two were later married in 1894.[10]
In 1893 Cornwell sold the paper to Frederick Beer, who already ownedThe Observer. Beer appointed his wife,Rachel Sassoon Beer, as editor. She was already editor ofThe Observer – the first woman to run a national newspaper – and continued to edit both titles until 1901.[11]
There was a further change of ownership in 1903, and then in 1915 the paper was bought byWilliam Berry and his brother, Gomer Berry, later ennobled as Lord Camrose andViscount Kemsley respectively. Under their ownership,The Sunday Times continued its reputation for innovation: on 23 November 1930, it became the first Sunday newspaper to publish a 40-page issue and on 21 January 1940, news replaced advertising on the front page.[12]
In 1943, the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, withThe Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper. At this time, Kemsley was the largest newspaper group in Britain.[citation needed]
On 12 November 1945,Ian Fleming, who later createdJames Bond, joined the paper as foreign manager (foreign editor) and special writer. The following month, circulation reached 500,000.[13] On 28 September 1958, the paper launched a separate Review section, becoming the first newspaper to publish two sections regularly.[14]
The Kemsley group was bought in 1959 byLord Thomson, and in October 1960 circulation reached one million for the first time.[15] In another first, on 4 February 1962 the editor,Denis Hamilton, launchedThe Sunday Times Magazine. (At the insistence of newsagents, worried at the impact on sales of standalone magazines, it was initially called the "colour section" and did not take the nameThe Sunday Times Magazine until 9 August 1964.) The cover picture of the first issue was ofJean Shrimpton wearing aMary Quant outfit and was taken byDavid Bailey. The magazine got off to a slow start, but the advertising soon began to pick up, and, over time, other newspapers launched magazines of their own.[citation needed]
In 1963, theInsight investigative team was established under Clive Irving. The "Business" section was launched on 27 September 1964, makingThe Sunday Times Britain's first regular three-section newspaper. In September 1966, Thomson boughtThe Times, to formTimes Newspapers Ltd (TNL). It was the first timeThe Sunday Times andThe Times had been brought under the same ownership.[citation needed]
Harold Evans, editor from 1967 until 1981, establishedThe Sunday Times as a leading campaigning and investigative newspaper. On 19 May 1968, the paper published its first major campaigning report on the drugthalidomide, which had been reported by the Australian doctorWilliam McBride inThe Lancet in 1961 as being associated with birth defects, and been quickly withdrawn. The newspaper published a four-pageInsight investigation, titled "The Thalidomide File", in the "Weekly Review" section. On 17 November 1972, theQueen's Bench Divisional Court issued an injunction to preventThe Sunday Times from publishing further articles, as it was feared that the paper's campaign might affect ongoing lawsuits overthe ensuing scandal. The newspaper appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which found that the injunction violated the publisher's right tofreedom of expression, noting that the articles were moderate and balanced and thus unlikely to disrupt proceedings.[16] A compensation settlement for the UK victims was eventually reached withDistillers Company (now part ofDiageo), which had distributed the drug in the UK.[citation needed]
TNL was plagued by a series of industrial disputes at its plant at Gray's Inn Road in London, with the print unions resisting attempts to replace the old-fashioned hot-metal and labour-intensiveLinotype method with technology that would allow the papers to be composed digitally. Thomson offered to invest millions of pounds to buy out obstructive practices and overmanning, but the unions rejected every proposal. As a result, publication ofThe Sunday Times and other titles in the group was suspended in November 1978. It did not resume until November 1979.[citation needed]
Although journalists atThe Times had been on full pay during the suspension, they went on strike demanding more money after production was resumed.Kenneth Thomson, the head of the company, felt betrayed and decided to sell. Evans tried to organise a management buyout ofThe Sunday Times, but Thomson decided instead to sell toRupert Murdoch, who he thought had a better chance of dealing with the trade unions.[citation needed]
Rupert Murdoch'sNews International acquired the group in February 1981. Murdoch, an Australian who in 1985 became anaturalised American citizen, already ownedThe Sun and theNews of the World, but the Conservative government decided not to refer the deal to theMonopolies and Mergers Commission, citing a clause in theFair Trading Act that exempted uneconomic businesses from referral.The Thomson Corporation had threatened to close the papers down if they were not taken over by someone else within an allotted time, and it was feared that any legal delay to Murdoch's takeover might lead to the two titles' demise. In return, Murdoch provided legally binding guarantees to preserve the titles' editorial independence.[citation needed]
Evans was appointed editor ofThe Times in February 1981 and was replaced atThe Sunday Times byFrank Giles. In 1983, the newspaper bought the serialisation rights to publish the fakedHitler Diaries, thinking them to be genuine after they were authenticated by the own newspaper's own independent director,Hugh Trevor-Roper, the historian and author ofThe Last Days of Hitler.[17]
UnderAndrew Neil, editor from 1983 until 1994,The Sunday Times took a stronglyThatcherite slant that contrasted with the traditional paternalistic conservatism expounded byPeregrine Worsthorne at the rivalSunday Telegraph. It also built on its reputation for investigations. Its scoops included the revelation in 1986 that Israel had manufactured more than 100nuclear warheads[18] and the publication in 1992 of extracts fromAndrew Morton's book,Diana: Her True Story in Her Own Words. In the early 1990s, the paper courted controversy with a series of articles in which it rejected the role of HIV in causing AIDS.[citation needed]
In January 1986, after the announcement of astrike by print workers, production ofThe Sunday Times, along with other newspapers in the group, was shifted to a new plant in Wapping, and the strikers were dismissed. The plant, which allowed journalists to input copy directly, was activated with the help of theElectrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union (EETPU). The print unions posted pickets and organised demonstrations outside the new plant to try to dissuade journalists and others from working there, in what became known as theWapping dispute. The demonstrations sometimes turned violent. The protest ended in failure in February 1987.[citation needed]
During Neil's editorship, a number of new sections were added: the annual "The Sunday Times Rich List" and the "Funday Times", in 1989 (the latter stopped appearing in print and was relaunched as a standalone website in March 2006, but was later closed); "Style & Travel", "News Review" and "Arts" in 1990; and "Culture" in 1992. In September 1994, "Style" and "Travel" became two separate sections.[citation needed]
During Neil's time as editor,The Sunday Times backed a campaign to prove that HIV was not a cause of AIDS.[19][20][21][22] In 1990,The Sunday Times serialised a book by an American conservative who rejected the scientific consensus on the causes of AIDS and argued that AIDS could not spread to heterosexuals.[21] Articles and editorials inThe Sunday Times cast doubt on the scientific consensus, described HIV as a "politically correct virus" about which there was a "conspiracy of silence", disputed that AIDS was spreading in Africa, claimed that tests for HIV were invalid, described the HIV/AIDS treatment drug AZT as harmful, and characterised the WHO as an "Empire-building AIDS [organisation]".[21] Thepseudoscientific coverage of HIV/AIDS inThe Sunday Times led the scientific journalNature to monitor the newspaper's coverage and to publish letters rebuttingSunday Times articles whichThe Sunday Times refused to publish.[21] In response to this,The Sunday Times published an article headlined "AIDS – why we won't be silenced", which claimed thatNature engaged in censorship and "sinister intent".[21] In his 1996 book,Full Disclosure, Neil wrote that the HIV/AIDS denialism "deserved publication to encourage debate".[21] That same year, he wrote thatThe Sunday Times had been vindicated in its coverage, "The Sunday Times was one of a handful of newspapers, perhaps the most prominent, which argued that heterosexual Aids was a myth. The figures are now in and this newspaper stands totally vindicated ... The history of Aids is one of the great scandals of our time. I do not blame doctors and the Aids lobby for warning that everybody might be at risk in the early days, when ignorance was rife and reliable evidence scant." He criticised the "AIDS establishment" and said "Aids had become an industry, a job-creation scheme for the caring classes."[23]
John Witherow, who became editor at the end of 1994 (after several months as acting editor), continued the newspaper's expansion. A website was launched in 1996 and new print sections added: "Home" in 2001, and "Driving" in 2002, which in 2006 was renamed "InGear". (It reverted to the name "Driving" from 7 October 2012, to coincide with the launch of a new standalone website,Sunday Times Driving.) Technology coverage was expanded in 2000 with the weekly colour magazine "Doors", and in 2003 "The Month", an editorial section presented as an interactive CD-ROM. Magazine partworks were regular additions, among them "1000 Makers of Music", published over six weeks in 1997.[citation needed]
John Witherow oversaw a rise in circulation to 1.3 million[24] and reconfirmedThe Sunday Times's reputation for publishing hard-hitting news stories – such as thecash for questions scandal in 1994 and thecash for honours scandal in 2006, and revelations ofcorruption at FIFA in 2010.[25] The newspaper's foreign coverage has been especially strong, and its reporters,Marie Colvin,Jon Swain,Hala Jaber,Mark Franchetti andChristina Lamb have dominated the Foreign Reporter of the Year category at theBritish Press Awards since 2000.[citation needed] Colvin, who worked for the paper from 1985, was killed in February 2012 by Syrian forces while covering thesiege of Homs during that country's civil war.[26]
In common with other newspapers,The Sunday Times has been hit by a fall in circulation, which has declined from a peak of 1.3 million to just over 710,000.[when?] It has a number of digital-only subscribers, which numbered 99,017 by January 2019.[27][needs update]
Edition number 9,813 ofThe Sunday Times, published on 7 October 2012
During January 2013,Martin Ivens became 'acting' editor ofThe Sunday Times in succession to John Witherow, who became the 'acting' editor ofThe Times at the same time. The independent directors rejected a permanent position for Ivens as editor to avoid any possible merger ofThe Sunday Times and dailyTimes titles.[28]
In 2019, after passing government scrutiny,The Sunday Times andThe Times began to "share resources" in what was considered a partial merger, though retaining distinct editors.[29]
The online presences ofThe Sunday Times andThe Times have been repeatedly combined and separated over the years.
Prior to 2001, distinct websitesthetimes.co.uk andthesundaytimes.co.uk existed. In 2001, these were combined intoTimes Online.[37]
In 2010,Times Online was replaced with distinct websites again forThe Sunday Times andThe Times.[38][39]
In 2016,The Times andThe Sunday Times' websites were once again merged into one.[40]
In 2024, the domain name was changed from "thetimes.co.uk" to "thetimes.com".[41]
An iPad edition was launched in December 2010, and an Android version in August 2011. Since July 2012, the digital version of the paper has been available on Apple's Newsstand platform, allowing automated downloading of the news section. With over 500 MB of content every week, it is the biggest newspaper app in the world.[39][failed verification]
The Sunday Times iPad app was named newspaper app of the year at the 2011 Newspaper Awards and has twice been ranked best newspaper or magazine app in the world by iMonitor.[42] Various subscription packages exist, giving access to both the print and digital versions of the paper.
On 2 October 2012,The Sunday Times launched Sunday Times Driving, a separate classified advertising site for premium vehicles that also includes editorial content from the newspaper as well as specially commissioned articles. It can be accessed without cost.[importance?]
This 164-page monthly magazine was sold separately from the newspaper and was Britain's best-selling travel magazine.[43] The first issue ofThe Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003,[44][45] and it included news, features and insider guides.
Some of the more notable or controversial stories published inThe Sunday Times include:[46]
Thalidomide, a drug prescribed to pregnant women to treat morning sickness, was withdrawn in 1961 following reports that it was linked to a number of birth defects.The Sunday Times spent many years campaigning for compensation for the victims, providing case studies and evidence of the side-effects. In 1968, the Distillers Company agreed to a multimillion-pound compensation scheme for the victims.[citation needed]
The Insight team ran an investigation intoKim Philby, the Soviet double agent, that ran on 1 October 1967 under the headline "Philby: I spied for Russia from 1933".[citation needed]
The newspaper published the fakedHitler Diaries (1983), believing them to be genuine after they were authenticated by historianHugh Trevor-Roper.[17]
Israeli nuclear weapons: using information fromMordechai Vanunu,The Sunday Times in 1986 revealed that Israel had manufactured more than 100 nuclear warheads.[citation needed]
On 12 July 1987The Sunday Times began serialisation of the bookSpycatcher, the memoirs of anMI5 agent, which had been banned in Britain. The paper successfully challenged subsequent legal action by the British government, winning its case at theEuropean Court of Human Rights in 1991.[47]
The paper ran a story claimingQueen Elizabeth II, who generally maintains a strictly impartial role politically, was upset with the style ofMargaret Thatcher's leadership.[48]
In 1990, in what became known as theArms-to-Iraq affair, the paper revealed how Matrix Churchill and other British firms were supplying arms to Saddam Hussein's Iraq.[citation needed]
In 1992, the paper published extracts fromAndrew Morton's bookDiana: Her True Story in Her Own Words, which revealed for the first time the disastrous state of her marriage toPrince Charles.[citation needed]
In its "cash for questions" investigation in 1994,Graham Riddick, MP for Colne Valley andDavid Tredinnick, MP for Bosworth, accepted cheques for £1,000 each from an Insight journalist posing as a businessman in return for tabling a parliamentary question. The investigation followed information that some MPs were taking one-off payments to table questions.[49]
Under the headline, "KGB:Michael Foot was our agent",The Sunday Times ran an article on 19 February 1995 that claimed the Soviet intelligence services regarded Foot, a former leader of the Labour Party, as an "agent of influence", codenamed "Agent Boot", and that he had been in the pay of the KGB for many years. The article was based on the serialisation of the memoirs ofOleg Gordievsky, a former high-ranking KGB officer who defected from the Soviet Union to Britain in 1985. Crucially, the newspaper used material from the original manuscript of the book which had not been included in the published version. Foot successfully sued for libel, winning "substantial" damages.[50]
In 1997–98, the paper ran a series of exclusive stories based on revelations fromRichard Tomlinson, a former MI6 spy, about life inside MI6 and secret MI6 operations around the world.[citation needed]
During the siege of the United Nations compound inEast Timor in 1999, the paper's foreign reporter, Marie Colvin, was one of only three journalists (all women) who remained to the end with the 1,500 people trapped there. She reported their plight both inThe Sunday Times and in interviews on radio and television and was widely credited with saving their lives.[51]
In 2006, in an investigation that became known as "cash for honours",The Sunday Times revealed how several prominent figures nominated for life peerages by the then prime minister,Tony Blair, had loaned large amounts of money to the Labour Party at the suggestion ofLord Levy, a Labour Party fundraiser.[citation needed]
In mid-2009, the newspaper ran a series of articles revealing how politicians were abusing the expenses system.[52]
Between 2004 and 2010, the newspaper ran an award-winning investigation byBrian Deer which revealed that research byAndrew Wakefield into theMMR vaccine was fraudulent. The investigation led to Wakefield being banned from medicine, and the retraction of his research fromThe Lancet.[citation needed]
In October 2010, an investigation by the newspaper exposedcorruption within FIFA after a member of the association's committee which grants the World Cup guaranteed his vote to an undercover reporter after requesting £500,000 for a "personal project".[25]
In March 2012, the paper filmedPeter Cruddas, the co-treasurer of the Conservative Party, offering access to David Cameron, the prime minister, in return for donations of £250,000. Cruddas resigned several hours later. Cameron said: "What happened was completely unacceptable. This is not the way we raise money in the Conservative Party."[55]
In January 2013, the seven-timesTour de France winnerLance Armstrong confessed to having used performance-enhancing drugs during each of his Tour victories. The confession ended years of denials about allegations of cheating during most of the cyclist's professional career.The Sunday Times chief sports writerDavid Walsh had spent over a decade investigating Armstrong, his team and the systematicdoping rife in the sport. The newspaper was forced to pay Armstrong £300,000 in damages in 2006 after he sued it for libel. Following Armstrong's lifelong ban (and subsequent televised confession)The Sunday Times said it would sue him to recover the damages, plus interest and costs, for the original proceedings which it called "baseless and fraudulent".[56]
In June 2014, the Insight team atThe Sunday Times published a front-page story "Plot to buy the World Cup" that detailed howQatar used secret slush funds to make dozens of payments totalling more than $US5 million to senior officials atFIFA to ensure the country won enough votes to secure hosting rights to the2022 FIFA World Cup.[57] The revelation prompted calls for Qatar to be stripped of hosting the World Cup.[58] The reporting by Jonathan Calvert and Heidi Blake won numerous awards, including thePaul Foot Award.[59] It also formed the basis for the book by Calvert and Blake, published bySimon & Schuster,The Ugly Game.[60]
In June 2015,The Sunday Times ran a lead front article titled "British spies betrayed to Russians and Chinese". The article was controversial because it contained numerous unlikely and unsubstantiated claims. Shortly after publication parts of the online version of the article were changed quietly by the newspaper. The article appeared to be an attempt to smear the American whistleblowerEdward Snowden, thus fuelling further doubt as to its independent editorship.[61][62][63]
In April 2020, an investigation byThe Sunday Times'Insight team revealed Prime MinisterBoris Johnson had skipped fiveCOBR meetings in the early months of theCOVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.[69] The investigation suggested that the British government underestimated the threat of the virus and failed to adequately prepare, and scrutinised Johnson's leadership during the crisis. It became the most read story in the history ofThe Times.[70] This, and subsequent investigations into thegovernment's pandemic response, formed the basis of the 2021 bookFailures of State.[71]
In July 2011,The Sunday Times was implicated in the widerNews International phone hacking scandal, which primarily involved theNews of the World, a Murdoch tabloid newspaper published in the UK from 1843 to 2011. Former British prime ministerGordon Brown accusedThe Sunday Times of employing "known criminals" to impersonate him and obtain his private financial records.[72][73] Brown's bank reported that an investigator employed byThe Sunday Times repeatedly impersonated Brown to gain access to his bank account records.[74]The Sunday Times vigorously denied these accusations and said that the story was in the public interest and that it had followed thePress Complaints Commission code on using subterfuge.[citation needed]
Over two years in the early 1990s,The Sunday Times published a series of articlesrejecting the role of HIV in causing AIDS, calling theAfrican AIDS epidemic a myth. In response, the scientific journalNature described the paper's coverage of HIV/AIDS as "seriously mistaken, and probably disastrous".[75]Nature argued that the newspaper had "so consistently misrepresented the role of HIV in the causation of AIDS thatNature plans to monitor its future treatment of the issue."[76]
In January 2010,The Sunday Times published an article by Jonathan Leake, alleging that a figure in theIPCC Fourth Assessment Report was based on an "unsubstantiated claim". The story attracted worldwide attention. However, a scientist quoted in the same article later stated that the newspaper story was wrong and that quotes of him had been used in a misleading way.[77] Following an official complaint to thePress Complaints Commission,[77]The Sunday Times retracted the story and apologised.[78][79]
In September 2012, Jonathan Leake published an article inThe Sunday Times under the headline "Only 100 adult cod in North Sea".[80] This figure was later shown by a BBC article to be wildly incorrect.[81] The newspaper published a correction, apologising for an over simplification in the headline, which had referred to a fall in the number of fully mature cod over the age of 13, thereby indicating this is the breeding age of cod. In fact, as the newspaper subsequently pointed out, cod can start breeding between the ages of four and six, in which case there are many more mature cod in the North Sea.[82]
In 1992, the paper agreed to payDavid Irving, an author widely criticised forHolocaust denial, the sum of £75,000 to authenticate theGoebbels diaries and edit them for serialisation.[83] The deal was quickly cancelled after drawing strong international criticism.[citation needed]
In January 2013,The Sunday Times published aGerald Scarfe caricature depicting Israel's Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu cementing a wall with blood and Palestinians trapped between the bricks. The cartoon sparked an outcry, compounded by the fact that its publication coincided withInternational Holocaust Remembrance Day, and was condemned by theAnti-Defamation League.[84] After Rupert Murdoch tweeted that he considered it a "grotesque, offensive cartoon" and that Scarfe had "never reflected the opinions ofThe Sunday Times"[85] the newspaper issued an apology.[86] Journalist Ian Burrell, writing inThe Independent, described the apology as an "indication of the power of the Israel lobby in challenging critical media coverage of its politicians" and one that questions Rupert Murdoch's assertion that he does not "interfere in the editorial content of his papers".[87]
In July 2017, Kevin Myers wrote a column inThe Sunday Times saying "I note that two of the best-paid women presenters in the BBC –Claudia Winkleman andVanessa Feltz, with whose, no doubt, sterling work I am tragically unacquainted – are Jewish. Good for them". He continued "Jews are not generally noted for their insistence on selling their talent for the lowest possible price, which is the most useful measure there is of inveterate, lost-with-all-hands stupidity. I wonder, who are their agents? If they're the same ones that negotiated the pay for the women on the lower scales, then maybe the latter have found their true value in the marketplace".[88][89] After the columnThe Sunday Times fired Myers.[89] TheCampaign Against Antisemitism criticisedThe Sunday Times for allowing Myers to write the column despite his past comments about Jews.[88]
TheRepublic of Ireland edition ofThe Sunday Times was launched on a small scale in 1993 with just two staff:Alan Ruddock andJohn Burns (who started as financial correspondent for the newspaper and is at present acting associate editor). It used the slogan "The English just don't get it".[90] It is now the third biggest-selling newspaper in Ireland measured in terms of full-price cover sales (Source: ABC January–June 2012).[full citation needed] Circulation had grown steadily to over 127,000 in the two decades before 2012, but has declined since and currently stands at 60,352 (January to June 2018).[91][92]
The paper is heavily editionalised, with extensive Irish coverage of politics, general news, business, personal finance, sport, culture and lifestyle. The office employs 25 people. The paper also has a number of well-known freelance columnists includingBrenda Power,Liam Fay,Matt Cooper,Damien Kiberd, Jill Kerby andStephen Price. However, it ended collaboration withKevin Myers after he had published a controversial column.[93] The Irish edition has had four editors since it was set up: Alan Ruddock from 1993 until 1996,Rory Godson from 1996 until 2000,[94]Fiona McHugh[95] from 2000 to 2005, and from 2005 until 2020Frank Fitzgibbon.[96] John Burns has been acting editor of the Irish edition from 2020.[citation needed]
For more than 20 years the paper has published a separate Scottish edition, which has been edited since January 2012 byJason Allardyce. While most of the articles that run in the English edition appear in the Scottish edition, its staff also produces about a dozen Scottish news stories, including a front-page article, most weeks.[97] The edition also contains a weekly "Scottish Focus" feature and Scottish commentary, and covers Scottish sport in addition to providing Scottish television schedules. The Scottish issue is the biggest-selling 'quality newspaper' in the market, outselling bothScotland on Sunday and theSunday Herald.[citation needed]
^Franklin, Bob (ed.).Social Policy, the Media and Misrepresentation. Routledge. p. 72.
^Neil, Andrew (1996). "The great Aids myth is finally laid to rest".The Sunday Times.
^"42. John Witherow".The Guardian. London. 9 July 2007.Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved16 October 2012.
^abThe Sunday Times Insight team (17 October 2010)."World Cup votes for sale".The Sunday Times. Archived fromthe original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved16 October 2012.
^Hall, Ben; Burt, Tim; Symon, Fiona (3 May 2005)."Election 2005: What the papers said".Financial Times.Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved30 June 2024.The Sunday Times urged readers to vote Conservative ...
^Blake, Heidi; Calvert, Jonathan (27 June 2017).The Ugly Game. Scribner.ISBN9781501132964.Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved7 February 2019.
