| The Miracle Worker | |
|---|---|
 Anne Bancroft andPatty Duke inThe Miracle Worker, 1960; Both would reprise their roles in the 1962 film adaptation. | |
| Written by | William Gibson |
| Characters | Annie Sullivan Helen Keller Captain Arthur Keller Kate Keller James Keller Aunt Ev (Evelyn) Anagnos Viney |
| Date premiered | October 19, 1959 |
| Place premiered | Playhouse Theatre |
| Original language | English |
| Setting | Tuscumbia, Alabama |
The Miracle Worker is a three-act play byWilliam Gibson adapted from his 1957Playhouse 90 teleplay of the same name. It was based onHelen Keller's 1903 autobiographyThe Story of My Life.
The play's title was inspired by aMark Twain quote: "Helen is a miracle, and Miss Sullivan is the miracle worker".[1]
InTuscumbia, Alabama, an illness renders infant Helen Kellerblind,deaf, and consequentlymute (deaf-mute). Pitied and badly spoiled by her parents, Helen is taught no discipline and, by the age of six, grows into a wild, angry, tantrum-throwing child in control of the household. Desperate, the Kellers hireAnnie Sullivan to serve as governess and teacher for their daughter. After several fierce battles with Helen, Annie convinces the Kellers that she needs two weeks alone with Helen in order to achieve any progress in the girl's education. In this time, Annie teaches Helen discipline through persistence and consistency, and language through hand signals, a double breakthrough that changes Helen's life and has a direct effect on the lives of everyone in the family.
The play premiered onBroadway at thePlayhouse Theatre on October 19, 1959, and closed on July 1, 1961, after 719 performances. The production was directed byArthur Penn with scenic and lighting design by George Jenkins and costumes byRuth Morley. The cast starredAnne Bancroft as Anne Sullivan andPatty Duke as Helen Keller. Featured in the cast wereTorin Thatcher as Captain Keller,Patricia Neal as Kate Keller,Michael Constantine as Anagnos, andBeah Richards as Viney. Patty Duke stayed with the production until May 1961. Her understudy, Karen Lee, replaced her on May 11, 1961[2][3] and stayed with the production through its closing on July 1, 1961.[4]Suzanne Pleshette replaced Anne Bancroft on February 6, 1961.[5][6]
The play was produced in theWest End in March 1961 withAnna Massey as Sullivan andJanina Faye as Keller. It transferred toWyndham's Theatre in May. A revival was produced at Wyndham's Theatre on August 31, 1994, and closed on October 8.[7] The production was directed by Richard Olivier and Bill Kenwright. The cast featuredCatherine Holman as Keller,Jenny Seagrove as Sullivan,William Gaunt as Captain Keller,Judi Bowker as Kate Keller, andMichael Thornton as Anagnos.
In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the play, it was revived on Broadway at theCircle in the Square Theatre, opening on March 3, 2010. Directed byKate Whoriskey, the cast starredAlison Pill as Sullivan andAbigail Breslin as Keller. The cast featuredMatthew Modine as Captain Keller,Jennifer Morrison as Kate Keller,Tobias Segal as James Keller, andElizabeth Franz as Aunt Ev. Despite critical praise, the revival failed to find an audience and closed on April 4 (after 21 previews and 38 regular performances), with the entire $2,600,000 capitalization in the project being lost.[8][9]
In May 2011, Duke continued her career-long involvement with the play by directing a production of it atInterplayers Theatre in Spokane, Washington.[10]
Ivy Green, Helen Keller's childhood home, hosts an annual outdoor production which is Alabama's official outdoor drama.[11][12]
Time called the original production "a story that, however well known, acquires stunning new reality and affectingness on the stage. The overwhelming force of the play's crucial scenes could not have derived from the stirring facts alone, nor from playwright Gibson's vivid use of them. What proves decisive is the extraordinary performances, the magnificent teamwork of Anne Bancroft and ten-year-old Patty Duke, and the brilliant direction of Arthur Penn". While noting some of the play's flaws, particularly in the areas of "some knotty Keller family relationships and some eerie Sullivan family memories", which it characterized as "fairly makeshift, at times clumsy, and, when sound-tracking voices from the past, occasionally embarrassing", it praised the scenes that "in the hands of two remarkable actresses, constitute unforgettable theater".[13]
The New York Times in its review titled "Giver of Light" also praised the "glorious performance" of Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke's "wonderfully truthful and touching" performance as Helen, along with those of Patricia Neal and Torin Thatcher as Helen's parents. While finding similar flaws in the narrative structure of the play, it praised the play as "profoundly moving" and noted that any of its failings did not "destroy the emotional power of the essential struggle in the drama".[14]
Gibson, Penn, Bancroft, and Duke reunited for a 1962 film adaptation which was highly acclaimed. Gibson was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Penn was nominated as Best Director, and both Bancroft (portraying Sullivan) and Duke (portraying Keller) won theAcademy Award forBest Actress andBest Supporting Actress, respectively. The play has been adapted for TV twice, first in1979 with Duke as Sullivan andMelissa Gilbert as Helen and in2000 withAlison Elliott as Sullivan andHallie Kate Eisenberg as Helen. It's been adapted for Italian (RAI 1968) and Spanish (TVE, 1978).
| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Tony Awards | Best Play | William Gibson | Won |
| Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play | Anne Bancroft | Won | ||
| Best Direction of a Play | Arthur Penn | Won | ||
| Best Scenic Design | George C. Jenkins | Nominated | ||
| Best Stage Technician | John Walters | Won | ||
| Theatre World Award | Patty Duke | Won | ||
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